Case Study of Multiple Myeloma

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Pathology in practice
Pathology in practice
Case study for patient having multiple myeloma
MAY 6, 2019
Students Details:

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Pathology in practice
Contents
Case Study of the patient having multiple myeloma.......................................................................2
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
References.......................................................................................................................................7

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Pathology in practice
Case Study of the patient having multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is the cancer which causes infections in the part of blood named white blood
cells (Staff, 2017). This multiple myeloma occurs when white blood cells become cancerous and
starts growing rapidly in bone marrow and lead to formation of abnormal proteins such as
monoclonal immunoglobin (Barhum, 2018).
In the multiple myeloma, decrement in red blood cells, white blood cells and haemoglobin would
be diagnosed (Martin, 2019). Erythrocytes sedimentation would be increased in the patient body
(Murrell, 2018). In the IgG monoclonal gammopathy, amount of monoclonal gamma
immunoglobin would be increased in the blood (Fanning & Hussein, 2018).
In the patient having multiple myeloma, malignant plasma cells would produce M-protein named
IgG and these cells would be determined by the help of urine test (Schapira, et al., 2018).
Malignant plasma cells secreted cytokines CXCL12, CCL5, and CXCL10 (Lima, et al., 2017)
and plasmacytomas (Berenson, 2018). Then these cytokines and plasmacytomas leads to the
activation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblasts and lead to development of osteolytic
lesions in spine, pelvis, ribs humerus, skull and femur (Berenson, 2018). Due to suppression of
erythropoiesis or kidney diseases, leads to the development of anemia in the patient body
(Berenson, 2018). Monoclonal gammopathy of IgG kappa was identified by using M-spikes. It
was done to identify multiple myeloma due to abnormal protein (Staff, 2017). Hypercalcemia
occurred due to over activeness of parathyroid glands and multiple myeloma where secretion of
calcium in the blood increased in excess amount (Staff, 2018). Due to excess amount of calcium
in the patient, kidney would not be able to excrete suitable amount of calcium outside the body.
It may lead to kidney diseases such as renal failure to the patient having multiple myeloma