1 Abstract: This report contains Fundamental Perspectives and argues how HAVAC is critical and most important in our daily life. The paper lights up the facts and historical background of Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration. Segmented overview about history, scientific advancement, manufacturers and Product Design and major applications of HVAC are Discussed. In manufacturers international are considered .Highly ranked companies are discussed along with their leading product in air conditioning. Some of Products are discussed individually. In Applications this report shows the versatility of overlapping branches of each filed and industry, science, agriculture, medical and most important houses and offices. In short this report signifies the fact that HVAC is meeting the new human Comfort level.
2 Contents Abstract: ........................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction to Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (HVAC) .......................................... 5 1HVAC: ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.1Heating: ................................................................................................................ 5 1.2Ventilation: ........................................................................................................... 5 1.3Methods for ventilation; ....................................................................................... 6 1.3.1Mechanical or Ventilation: ........................................................................... 6 1.3.2Natural Ventilation: ...................................................................................... 6 1.4Air-Conditioning: ................................................................................................. 6 1.5Refrigeration: ....................................................................................................... 6 2History of HVACR systems........................................................................................ 7 3Technological Advancements in HVACR .................................................................. 8 3.1Technological Advancements .............................................................................. 8 3.1.1Learning Thermostat ..................................................................................... 8 3.1.2Self-Diagnosis: .............................................................................................. 9 3.2Variable-Speed Blowers ....................................................................................... 9 3.2.1Smart Control Systems ............................................................................... 10 3.2.2Mini-split Systems for Zoned Cooling. ...................................................... 11 3.2.3Clean Air Technology ................................................................................. 11 3.2.4Geothermal systems. ................................................................................... 12 3.2.5Magnetic refrigeration ................................................................................ 13 3.2.6Freeze Concentration Technology: ............................................................. 14 3.2.7THE "ON COMMAND" HOT WATER RECIRCULATOR .................... 15 3.2.8THERMALLY-DRIVEN AIR CONDITIONING ..................................... 15 3.2.9THE ICE-POWERED AIR CONDITIONER ............................................ 16 3.2.10Quiet Duct Wrap: ........................................................................................ 16 3.2.11THE DUAL FUEL HEAT PUMP .............................................................. 17 4Applications of Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning................................................... 17 4.1Domestic Air-Conditioning: ............................................................................... 17
5 Figure 1.1 Representation of HVAC Introduction to Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 1HVAC: HVAC (heating, ventilating/ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a sub discipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR. 1.1Heating: Heating is the transfer of energy to space or to the air in the space by virtue of temperature difference between source and the space or air. This process may take different forms, such as direct radiation and free convection to the space, direct heating or forced circulation of air or transfer of heated water to the vicinity of the space and used to heat the circulated air. Heaters are appliances whose purpose is to generate heat (i.e. warmth) for the building. This can be done via central heating. 1.2Ventilation: Ventilation is the process of changing or replacing air in any space to control temperature or remove any combination of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, or carbon dioxide, and to replenish oxygen. Ventilation includes both the exchange of air with the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings.
6 1.3Methods for ventilation; Mechanical or Forced Ventilation Natural Ventilation 1.3.1Mechanical or Ventilation: Mechanical, or forced, ventilation is provided by an air handler and used to control indoor air quality. Excess humidity, odors, and contaminants can often be controlled via dilution or replacement with outside air. 1.3.2Natural Ventilation: Natural ventilation is the ventilation of a building with outside air without using fans or other mechanical systems. It can be via operable windows, louvers, or trickle vents when spaces are small and the architecture permits. 1.4Air-Conditioning: Air conditioning (often referred to as AC or A.C) is the process of altering the condition of air by removing heat and humidity to achieve a more comfortable interior environments, typically with the aim of distributing the conditioned air to an occupied space such as a building or a vehicle to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality. In common use, an air conditioner is a device that removes heat from the air inside a building or vehicle, thus lowering the air temperature. The cooling is typically achieved through a refrigeration cycle, but sometimes evaporation or free cooling is used. Air conditioning systems can also be made based on desiccants. 1.5Refrigeration: Refrigeration is a process of moving heat from one location to another in controlled conditions. The work of heat transport is traditionally driven by mechanical work, but can also be driven by heat, magnetism, electricity, laser, or other means. Refrigeration has many applications, including, but not limited to: household refrigerators, industrial freezers, cryogenics, and air. Heat pumps may use the heat output of the refrigeration process, and also may be designed to be reversible, but are otherwise similar to air conditioning units. The refrigeration cycles are; Vapor Compression Cycle Vapor Absorption Cycle
7 2History of HVACR systems HVACR systems first used only to preserve food. Most evidence indicates that the Chinese were the first to store natural ice and snow to cool wine and other delicacies. Evidence has been found that ice cellars were used as early as 1000 B.C. in China. Figure 2.1 Ice cells were used to preserve food. Early Greeks and Romans also used underground pits to store ice, which they covered with straw, weeds, and other materials to provide insulation and preserve it over a long period Ancient people of Egypt and India cooled liquids in porous earthen jars. These jars were set in the dry night air, and the liquids seeping through the porous walls evaporated to provide the cooling. Some evidence indicates that ice was produced due to the vaporization of water through the walls of these jars, radiating heat into the night air. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, natural ice was cut from lakes and ponds in the winter in northern climates and stored underground for use in the warmer months. Some of this ice was packed in sawdust and transported to southern states to be used for preserving food. In the early twentieth century, it was still common in the northern states for ice to be cut from ponds and then stored in open ice houses. This ice was insulated with sawdust and delivered to homes and businesses.
8 3Technological Advancements in HVACR HVAC systems are increasingly communicating between the indoor and outdoor controls while also reducing heat loss and maximizing dehumidifying processes. The systems also run quieter and are easier to use with touch screen, programmable thermostats with multiple settings. These new technological advancements are made possible because interconnection is at an all-time high. The ability to communicate with our machines is becoming simpler every day. While there are some definitive changes in the HVAC components and controls themselves, some external technologies are also helping to take that efficiency to even another level. The driving forces behind these technological advancements are Improving efficiency Lessening the strain on both the grid and the environment Increasing the comfort of rooms in a home or building. 3.1Technological Advancements 3.1.1Learning Thermostat One of the primary recent advancements in the HVAC industry is the Learning Thermostat, which is almost a virtual assistant as shown in the figure 3.1. It learns what temperatures we like and it automatically adjusts the room we are in to our settings. This Learning Thermostat turns itself off when we leave the room. It is controllable by Wi-Fi so we can warm up your bathroom before we take a shower each day (unless the Learning Thermostat has already figured out us like the bathroom warmer at that time of day) or cool off the house before we get home from work. The Learning Thermostat also has the ability to turn off during times of peak demand. This means we save money. With the Learning Thermostat, the process is completely automated.
End of preview
Want to access all the pages? Upload your documents or become a member.
Related Documents
A Report on Masters of Engineering: Variable Refrigerant Flow System (VRF)lg...
|58
|18640
|47
HVAC and Fire Protection in Building Safetylg...
|11
|2840
|312
Integrate Sustainability in ICT Planning and Design Projectslg...
|40
|4830
|479
(PDF) An Investigation of Air Conditioning System Diagnosislg...
|15
|2803
|245
Level 2 NVQ General Health and Safety Study Materiallg...