This document provides study material and solved assignments on Accounting and Finance for Business. It includes topics such as cash budget, sales mix analysis, net present value, and payback period. The document also includes references for further reading.
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1 Accounting and finance for business
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3 Question 1 Cash budget: ParticularsOctoberNovembe r December Opening balance78010174495832020 Cash Sales450004750049000 Receipt of Loan05500000 ReceiptsfromAccounts Receivable 220000244920284020 Interest Received221023052430 Receipts34522010192201167470 Wages500005000070000 Prepayments009890 Office Furniture16050189500 PaymentsofAccounts Payable 89675103250106950 Administrative Expense150001500015000 Payments170725187200201840 Closing balance174495832020965630 Question 2 a) Particulars1year old 2year old 3year old Total Sales mix500003500015000100000 Sales mix %0.50.350.15 Sale price121830 Variable cost81218 Contribution per unit4612 Weighted average contribution margin5.9 Fixed cost220500 Total break-even units37373 Breakeven units18686130815606 b) Particulars1year old 2year old 3year old Total
4 Sales mix400003000030000100000 Sale price121830 Variable cost81218 Contribution4612 Contribution in Amount160000180000360000700000 Fixed cost260500 Profit439500 The initiative has been taken in the business and in that the amount of the fixed cost is increasing and with that, there is the change in the sales mix which is being made. The evaluation of the same situation has been made with the help of calculation of the profit. It has been identified that there is a contribution which is made at $700000 and when the fixed cost is considered after the increment then also the company is making good amount of profits. It shows that there will be benefit to the business and due to this the initiative shall be carried forward and undertaken in an effective manner. Question 3 a) YearCash flow PVF@ 5% PV 1620000.95238159047.62 2620000.90702956235.83 3570000.86383849238.74 4419000.82270234471.23 5687000.78352653828.25 PV of inflows252821.7 PV of outflows191000 Netpresent value 61821.67 b) YearCash flow PVF@ 7% PV 1620000.93457957943.93 2620000.87343954153.2 3570000.81629846528.98 4419000.76289531965.31 5687000.71298648982.15
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5 PV of inflows239573.6 PV of outflows191000 Netpresent value 48573.57 c) Net present value is the technique with the help of which there will be an evaluation of the project which will be made possible. In this method the present value of the inflows is calculated with the help of the discount rate (Leung et al., 2014). The identified present value is then compared with the outflows of the company and if the inflows will be more than that of the outflows then it will be a positive situation for the company. In such situation the project will be accepted as the company will be attaining the benefit. In the given case the NPV has been calculated by taking into account the two discount rates and in both the cases, there are positive results which have been attained (Pasqual, Padilla, and Jadotte, 2013). Net present value is more with the rate of 5% and as the company will be making the profits in both the circumstances the project will be undertaken. d) YearCash flow Cumulative cash flow 16200062000 262000124000 357000181000 441900222900 568700291600 Payback period3.24 The payback period is a project evaluation technique by which the acceptance or the rejection of the proposal will be decided. In this the period within which the company will be able to recover the complete cost will be identified. This is the period after which the profits will start to rise and the company will be earning the required results. The earlier the payback period, the more company will be earning (Al-Alawi and Bradley, 2013). In the given case there is the expected payback period of 2 years which the company has provided. It estimates that the recovery will be
6 made in this duration and from third year there will be profit which will be made. The results which have been calculated do not coincide with the expected duration as the actual period which has been identified is 3.24 years which is higher. The cost of the company will be covered in this time frame and so the company will not be able to earn any amount during this time. This shows that the actual profits of the business will be less than that of expected and this is not a positive aspect. Due to the same, the project will not be undertaken ad the company will not be making the purchase of the truck.
7 References Al-Alawi, B.M. and Bradley, T.H. (2013) Total cost of ownership, payback, and consumer preference modeling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.Applied Energy,103, pp.488-506. Leung, B., Springborn, M.R., Turner, J.A. and Brockerhoff, E.G. (2014) Pathway‐level risk analysis: the net present value of an invasive species policy in the US.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,12(5), pp.273-279. Pasqual, J., Padilla, E.and Jadotte, E. (2013) Equivalence of different profitability criteria with the net present value.International Journal of Production Economics,142(1), pp.205-210.