Hull and Propeller Management

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HULL AND PROPELLER MANAGEMENT
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HULL AND PROPELLER MANAGEMENT
Fuel efficiency has remained a fundamental concern for businesses, but tracking construction
and propeller degradation is a situation that remains unresolved. Experts indicate that due to the
consequence of hull fouling, the marine industry would sail with thirty per cent added resistance
thus demand for fuel consumption increase. Undertaking hull and propeller improvement on a
daily basis is already recognised by business owners as vital. However, the biggest hurdle
remains as to when and how the process should be carried out as it have not consistently been
conveyed. To meet the strict gas emission legislation for the marine industry in actualising green
shipping, designers and ship owners have faced significant hurdles in obtaining good operational
shipping behaviour during sailing. The by-product of this increased fuel consumption is the
emission of more carbon dioxide to the environment hence global warming and poses a danger to
aquatic life1.
The consequences associated with the condition of the ship’s structure and the propeller on the
bunker demand by the sailing vessel is significant. The current business standards ISO-19030
developed by shipping, paint and propeller manufacturers; scientists and information analysts
provide a detailed method on how to measure hull and propeller performance2. Ship owners have
1 Bakalar, Goran, and Vinko Tomas. "Possibility of using flow cytometry in the treated ballast
water quality detection." Pomorski zbornik 51, no. 1 (2016): 43-55. [Online]. Available at:
https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?id_clanak_jezik=226168&show=clanak
2 Lindholdt, Asger, Kim Dam-Johansen, Diego Meseguer Yebra, Søren Kiil, Claus Erik Weinell,
and Stefan Møller Olsen. "Fuel efficiency and fouling control coatings in maritime transport."
(2015). [Online]. Available at: http://orbit.dtu.dk/portal/en/publications/id(6cf08556-0c9e-43b8-

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been asked to pay great attention to ship energy efficiency and carbon emission reduction that
was ratified in the Kyoto protocol. Through the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan
(SEEMP) supported by International Maritime Organization (IMO), is an acknowledgement of
the importance of the construction process that is aimed at reduction of gas emissions to the
environment and fuel consumption3.
Statistical data shows that about 10 per cent of energy consumption costs and gas emissions is
due to a weak hull and propeller efficiency internationally which translates to a lot of billion
dollars annually. With these figures in mind, there is no doubt why there is much attention to
monitor the performance of the vessel and to gather accurate information as precise as possible.
Through observing these processes, it is very likely to get to know what drives these complex
processes that lead to hull and propeller degradation. Exact tracking methods, in a nutshell, will
enable stakeholders in the maritime industry to make final arguments and resolutions about
construction treatment to evaluate the efficiency of different material techniques4.
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3 Beşikçi, E. Bal, T. Kececi, O. Arslan, and O. Turan. "An application of fuzzy-AHP to ship
operational energy efficiency measures." Ocean Engineering 121 (2016): 392-402. [Online].
Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801816301421
4 Blossom, Neal, Frank Szafranski, AkzoNobel Yacht, and Aggie Lotz. "Use of copper-Based
Antifouling Paint: A US Regulatory Update." (2018). [Online]. Available at:
https://chemquest.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/March-2018-CoatingsTech_Antifouling-
article_FINAL.pdf

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The ISO-19030 standard provides a functional approach for hull and propeller performance
monitoring. It is based on measuring the Performance Values (PVs) that monitor the decrease in
speed rate or power reduction compared to the reference speed curve. The tabulated PVs are then
used to calculate different performance indicators (PIs) like dry docking and maintenance
outcome. This standard is straightforward to use as it can be used by applying data that is readily
available in different vessel performance monitoring results and information of tabulated data.
However, the method is expensive, a degree of precision is quite good for monitoring vessel
performance for long periods but careful assessment of hull treatment effects is difficult.
Additionally, measuring since this ISO-19030 measures relative performance which is not
infinite becomes a hard task to accomplish in comparing vessels5.
The Blue tracker hull monitor approach which is developed according to the ISO-19030 is a
performance module that has come in handy for ship owners to monitor, track and finally analyse
the hull's performance over a given period6. The Bluetracker hull monitor can monitor any
changes in hull efficiency within the dry docking intervals. The ship owners and directors can
retrieve data from current ship operations which enables them to ascertain the optimal point to
5 Buskens, Pascal, Mariëlle Wouters, Corné Rentrop, and Zeger Vroon. "A brief review of
environmentally benign antifouling and foul-release coatings for marine applications." Journal of
Coatings Technology and Research 10, no. 1 (2013): 29-36. [Online]. Available at:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11998-012-9456-0
6 Kindberg, Lee. "Improving vessel and supply chain fuel efficiency." In CAAAC (The Clean Air
Act Advisory Committee) Full Committee Meeting, pp. 26-27. 2013. [Online]. Available at:
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/caaac_2-27-2013_kindberg.pdf