Sustainable Construction Project Management

This assignment delves into the realm of sustainable construction project management. It examines various theoretical frameworks, methodologies, and tools used to ensure environmentally responsible practices throughout the project lifecycle. Students will analyze case studies, compare different approaches to sustainability, and evaluate the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing green building principles.

Operations and Project Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Implementation of operations management principles in organisation................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2 Continuous improvement plan based on the review..............................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P3 Application of PLC................................................................................................................8
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P4 Effectiveness of PLC in application of project....................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Operations management in organisation is important as it watches the dealings of
company. It is important that manager has to check that whether employees are perusing in an
appropriate manner or not. There are many activities in operations which are linked to each
other. There are possibilities that activities are related to each other, so it reduces the production
time and wastage of resources (Antonio Martins and Ramos Martins, 2012). This report is based
on Haier which has good reputation in market. This company deals in production, marketing and
selling of home appliances such as refrigerator, television, cookers, washing machine, etc. In this
report, principles of operations management and its application in organisation as well as
preparation of continuous improvement plans based on operation and management principles
will be discussed. This report also study about work breakdown structure used in PLC and
theories which shows the effectiveness of implementation of PLC.
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TASK 1
Implementation of operations management principles in organisation –
Definition of Operation Management
Operation management is about planning done by managers for effective implementation
of policies and strategies. This management is important as company has to work effectively in
the industry. Operational management helps individuals in knowing their code of conduct and
this provides guidance to them. Manager of Haier has to take care of all the departments and it is
important to maintain harmony among them. This helps in smooth running of the business
operations.
Operation management is not an easy task. There are many other duties and
responsibilities associated with them. It is important that operational manager has to keep
interacting with departmental heads and they are responsible to deliver appropriate information.
There are various types of operation management principles which help in accomplishing
objectives and targets in the best manner and this helps in completion of job on time (Beringer,
Jonas and Kock, 2013).
Principles of operational management are discussed as below- Reality- This principle says that there is no specific tool available in the market for all
problems. This tool says to focus on problem and then provide solution in the company
Haier. As per change in situation there is requirement to change plans and policies. Organisation- In Haier organisation, there are various activities to achieve goals and
targets which are related to each other. It reduces the production time and cost. Fundamental- As per this principle, 80% results come from strict rules and regulations
while remaining 20% is the result of application of new tools and techniques. This
provides an advantage of being recognised in the crowd. Accountability- This principle is beneficial for assigning duties and helps to provide
authority accordingly. This principle helps to know the subordinates about flow of
communication and their code of conduct. Variance- When there is reduction in cost, it is important to keep eyes on other related
activities such as quality of products and number of defects. This will help company in
minimising the negative results.
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 Causality- Future in business cannot be predicted and there are chances that company
may face problem on regular basis (Blomquist and et. al., 2010). So, it is essential to
solve problems diligently. Managed passion- The goals and objectives of company can be fulfilled by efforts of
employees. So, it is important that employees must be energetic regarding their job
duties. It is not necessary that every employee is motivated regarding job and so, manager
must encourage the workers. This will help in successful completion of the targets. Humility- It is not necessary that manager is always learned about all things. So he/ she
must accept about the unawareness of facts and information. This principle helps to
update the knowledge and apply it to operations. Success- Success is not one time task. There are changes in the plans and policies to
achieve a profitable position. This principle says that there is requirement to review all
the above stated principles timely.
 Change- To achieve the targets and objectives, it is important to apply theories and
policies as per need of environment. This will help to achieve the set targets and
providing high level of satisfaction to customers (Brauers and Zavadskas, 2010) .
In Haier Company, there is an important role of principles of operations management for
successful launch and sale of large screen televisions. As this company is new in this market so,
there are chances of change in plans and policies. It is important to learn new things from
environment and then take corrective measures. This launch is successful with the joint efforts of
employee and employer. So, it is the important to motivate employees regarding use of new tools
and techniques. There are chances that many problems and mistakes may arise due to adoption of
new plans and techniques. It is important to take lessons from them and then apply the most
appropriate measure.
Six Sigma methodologie and lean principles
SIX SIGMA
Six Sigma is a technique used by the manager of organisation to know future prospects of
new launch of products and services. This technique includes two main methodologies i.e.
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DMAIC and DMADV. DMAIC is used to make improvements in the existing product and
services. While, on the other hand, DMADV is useful for creating new products and services. As
Haier company wants to enter in industry with large screen television market so DMADV will
apply (Fernández-Sánchez and Rodríguez-López, 2010). Define- At this stage, problem is defined and then planning has been done regarding it. Measure- There is the use of different techniques to know relevance of new launch. This
will help to know how much that product will be successful. Analyse- There are many methods and technique through which Haier can fulfil its goals
and objectives. Design- After analysing most appropriate method, it has to be adopted to meet customer
demand.
 Verify- This is the stage when manager of Haier has to know views about products and
services from customers. There is the proper test done related to commodity and in case
of shortcomings, it must be cleared.
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(Source: Six Sigma Technique, 2018)
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Illustration 1: DMADV

LEAN PRINCIPLES
This principle consists of five steps which are beneficial to achieve goals and targets.
This principle is easy to learn but tough in application.
 Define value- It is important to know that what price customer is ready to pay. This will
help determine and fix cost of product (Fleming and Koppelman, 2016). These
televisions are purchased by schools, colleges, etc. and so, they must be the main targets
of company.
 Mapping value stream- It is important to analyse the demand of customers and they
have to make those points as reference in future. This helps to curtail down the waste
activities.
 Create flow- After removing wastage this will help in creating smooth flow of resources.
This is important to say that manager analyse sources effectively.
 Establish pull- After analysing waste activities it is important that manager has to give
importance to useful activities. This will help to maintain stock of raw material and WIP.
There will be no dead and over stock ion company. Pursue Perfection- This step says that there is always scope of improvement. This steps
emphasis on regular check on operations and adopt best among them.
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(Source: Lean Principle, 2018)
TASK 2
Continuous improvement plan
DEFINITION OF CONTINOUS IMPROVEMENT
Continuous improvement is a process which is implemented by company to know
shortcoming and after taking feedback those aspects have to modify (Gunasekaran and Ngai,
2012). Continuous improvement help in giving more satisfaction to customer, and this ultimately
affects improves profitability of organisation. This is a constant process and there is need of
regular interference of company.
For Haier continuous improvement plan is important for making changes in their
operations and tries to make improvement their product and services. It is essential to know what
activities has to be taken which help company to make alterations in achieving business
objectives. There are various factors which are required to be considered with demand and need
of society. Workers are are of activities which has to be performed and in what manner.
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Illustration 2: Lean principles

Continuous improvement plan based on the review
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT PLAN
Provider
Date
Source Anticipated Outcome Current level of
performance
Improvement
Strategies
Promotional events Due to lack of
promotion consumers
are not aware that
Haier launch such
product
Due to less
information customer
are not ready to
purchase television.
As they have less faith
and trust because of
new entrance.
Hence there is
requirement to spend
more money in
advertisement such as
online promotion, TV
advertisement,
Hoardings, etc.
After sales services People in Haier think
that company will not
render after sales
services.
Customer think that
warranty of 6 months
is not sufficient for
such huge investment.
Company should open
more customer service
centre and they have to
take feedback from
customer to improve.
They must provide
services at place so
customer get more
satisfaction.
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Continuous improvement plan for business case
USE OF CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT PLAN AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS
Above discussed plan proves to be fruitful for Haier company. As company wants to
launch new television of large sized screen. This plan says that company has to come with new
and latest technology of promotion. This will help company to remove shortcomings and this
will improve profitability of organisation. Manager of Haier must take feedback from visitors
and they came to know about dislikes of customer. It is important that manager has to give more
emphasis on promotional events, through this they are able to contact to general people and with
this it is possible that company to know about change in plans and policies.
Company must emphasis on giving best after sales services. This will help company to
create faith in company. After sales services such as service centre, free servicing till one year,
etc. this will help manager to know what to do and at what time (Lenfle and Loch, 2010). There
must be requirement of proper feedback by customer and the areas of shortcomings must be
improved. This can be more effective if there is proper control over the activities of employee.
Manager must motivate employee to provide best services to customer.
STRATEGIES FOR EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTINOUS
IMPROVEMENT PLAN
Continuous improvement is done by manger of Haier but there is equal involvement of
customer also. There must be regular feedback taken by manger to know perception of customer.
As these days environment is dynamic so demand of customer also varies (Mir and Pinnington,
2014). These improvement can be applied in organisation through following strategies- Good employee employer relationship: There must be good relation between employee
and employer. This will help company to know what customer need through employee
because there is customer representative who take reviews of customer. Proper communication channel: Haier must take care of communication in organisation.
There must be proper interacting channel so that employee know who is accountable to
whom. This will help to assign duty and responsibility. Priority to employees need: Management of Haier must take care of employee also with
customer because they are the source which help to know about customer need and
demand. If employee are satisfied then they work with full energy.
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 Proper guidance and direction: In case of change in plans and policies there is important
role of manager's guidance and direction (Pemsel and Wiewiora, 2013). This is one of the
important thing which are beneficial for company's growth.
Organisational Theories, Concepts and Models to justify the strategies
Organizational Theories, Concepts and Models
To apply these strategies there is important role of organisational theories, models, etc.
Theories like classical, scientific, bureaucratic, etc. this helps to set code of conduct and this
helps to plan the activities of improvement. There are numerous employees working in
organisation and they aims at fulfilment of targets (Ramasesh and Browning, 2014).
Management of Haier must use these theories sop employee are clear about activities. These
theories help to provide proper guidance to employee and manger also cross check activities
performed by them.
Concept of organisation
Functional structure- In this structure there is division of activities which help to
achieve targets in effective and efficient way. As they have to analyse market and effective and
efficient way. In this there is division of organisational in various departments. In this there is no
overlapping of activities and hence this is cheap and effective method.
Divisional structure- There are avrious afctors it is which divides orfganisation in
various departments. There are production, sales, manufacturing , asles, etc. units. Which assist
to achieve atrgets on time.
Model of organisation
There are mainly two models which are discussed as under-
Open model- This is beneficial for Haier organisation to work under changed
environment. It is important to work as per change in plans and policies which can be effectively
done by management of company. Employees can come with new and innovative ideas.
Closed model- In such organisations there is boundation for employees to perform
activities. In this there is consideration of company there is no importance to workers. Top level
amangement take decision. Autocratic management is followed.
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TASK 3
Business case
Haier is a company has want to launch television of big size minimum 58' inches. This
need more time and cost so it is important to manger has to plan properly. There are many
sources but best one has to be adopted. To make long run in industry it is important that
company as to come with new and innovative ideas (Robichaud and Anantatmula 2010). This is
not necessary that option get success in first attempt. R&D department has to analysis market
very carefully environment and in case of change in demand it must be communicated to top
level management. It is important to find what customer think and they have to take actions as
per surrounding. Through market analysis cost of product, durability, expectations,. features, etc.
must be discussed. Haier is launching television so they must see the future prospect of
company. These TV involves huge investment so survey must be done among customer who
need large sized TV. It is important that company must take into consideration competitors
policies and their growth prospects. Haier must frame policies which provides edge to them over
other firm. To know resistance of that plan company must use PLC technique.
PLC stands for Product Life Cycle which is part of marketing. When some new product
is launched in market then PLC tells about its entrance and exit from market. It is not necessary
that every product finishes at exist. Management of company keeps changing its policies as per
environment (Söderlund, 2011). There is need of value addition in product so this helps to
improve image of company in industry.
Project Plan of each stage of life cycle
PROJECT LIFE CYCLE STAGES
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(Source: Project life cycle, 2018)
Conceptualization phase- This is the first step of project life cycle which talks about
thinking and knowing about actions through which goals can be performed in effective and
efficient way. This activities must be conducted effectively so further actions can be performed
in efficient way.
Planning phase- After making guidelines planning is done. There are various resources
through which company can achieve targets. But it is essential to select and plan activities in best
and effective way. There are some goals and objectives which can be achieved with join efforts
of association and its members.
Execution phase- This is the step in which planned actions are performed in actual. This
step is based on planning phase as it helps to know what has to be done through which activities
can be performed in efficient way. There is need of proper guidance and motivation to workers.
Termination phase- This is the last step in which actions are performed and exist is
possible. If actions are not taken properly then there are possibilities of negative results and
product will not be successful in industry.
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Illustration 3: Project life cycle

Work breakdown structure
There is various departments in company and this can be done in effective way by
manger after considering all activities. In this there is division of actions which help to analyse
market and take actions in effective and efficient manner.
Gantt chart
In this chart there is time description which helps company to achieve targets on specified
time. In case this cannot be done then there is some lack of direction or motivation of workers.
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This concept can be applicable only with the efforts of manger. In this there is important role of
leader tom provide measures how to improve position of goods and services. Operational
manager has to give emphasis on performance of employers. Manager can take ask employees to
give their best and it will help improve their career prospects (Turner, 2016). The aim of product
life cycle is to make efforts which are beneficial to improve position of product in industry.
There are numerous employees manager must use different leader and motivational skills so that
they can achieve goals and objectives of company.
Theoretical and conceptual arguments
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Through use of various approaches company can apply changes in business operations.
As per requirement, there are chances that association has to make changes in operations, so this
can be done in effective way by employees. These theories helps to make actions in effective
way and this helps to achieve targets on time.
There is requirement of change in business policies which help to make policies in
effective way. While making changes in plans and policies, these theories and concepts are
effective for achieving targets. There are possibilities that due to use of such concepts workers
are working to approach correct person at correct time. There is use of policies through which
changes are possible so best results can be generated. Haier is the company which operates in
various parts of country, so it is essential to follow proper guidance and concepts.
TASK 4
Effectiveness of PLC in application of project
Haier wants to enter in market with new product line. Haier has good image in market
and it is tough to maintain that image in industry. There is important role of manager and leader
to motivate employees to give their best services to customer. Manager can say that if company
grow the prospects of growth of workers is possible (Antonio Martins and Ramos Martins,
2012). PLC is not easy to apply as this planning is for future which is indefinite. It is important
that strategies are made in such a way which fulfils objective of organisation. Leader and
manager has to analyse market and then atke actions of implementation. It is clear with the above
discussion that company has to adopt different changes as per change in demand of customer. It
is necessary to take customer's preference in consideration.
PLC is important for implementation of strategies successfully related to product. When
Haier company is entering in new product so it is important to keep quality up-to date. There are
many companies which are already dealings in this sector, so for Haier this is tough task to
compete with them. This can be achieved when company provides best quality services at cheap
rate (Beringer, Jonas and Kock, 2013). There is requirement of proper planning so there are less
chances of product failure. They must take care of after sales services which provide better
satisfaction to customer. The manager must analyse all available resources and take actions as
per competitors policies. Company must take care of competitors policies. To make resist in
market manger of company has to give new and innovative discounts so public like to avail
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them. PLC is important for execution of plan related to new product and it is important to take
appropriate actions when there is need. PLC is not only theoretical work but it is important to
apply its policies efficiently. There is use of different techniques as per project. In case of small
scale project there is less involvement of motivational leadership skills while at the same time in
case of large scale project manager regularly keep eyes on every activity of employees.
There are various sources available in market. Manager must take into consideration
which is best and cheap (Blomquist and et. al., 2010). There are many departments which has
joint efforts in making dream true. Logistic management, purchase management, inventory
control, etc. which helps in controlling cost and this reduces wastage.
Designing and implementing PLC
Designing of PLC activities is done by caomony t achieve targets on tim. There must be
proper planning through which activities are specified in effective way. Some elements which
has to be included in designing Plc is as under- Cost saving techniques- This is technique which saves cost and helps to make changes
within specified time. Cost is one of the factors which may have negative impact on
profits of association. Quality, scope and tenure: Quality is one aspcts which is done by company to perform
actions. There are chances that if quality of product is not good then this may affect
satisfaction of customer. Large and small projects: While project is large or small, it is important to know what
can be done to achieve targets in efficient manner. If project is small it must be cost
effective and large project must complete on proper time.
 Practical and theoretical frameworks: There is difference in practical and theoretical
aspect which helps to achieve targets in effective way. In case of change in plans and
policies, manager must motive employees to give their best.
There is requirement of change in business objectives in performing business objectives.
It is effective to now what has to be done through which changes are possible in company and
they must be beneficial for launching new product in market.
There are various approaches which has to be adopted by managers of Haier to know
how cost is effective and then actions must be taken to work changes in business operations. It is
essential to know what can be done through which profits are effective for Haier. Production
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control, value analysis, variety reduction, material control, etc. must be used to control cost and
wastage of resources. These techniques not only affects cost but also make business operations in
achievable way. So it is essential to work as per these techniques.
There is difference in operations of larger and small scale organisation, so it is essential
to work as per change in business activities in effective and efficient way. Above discussed
theories are applied in various way as per perception of worker and this helps to analyse market .
While making strategies to reduce cost, quality of product must also be kept in mind. Project life
cycle is initially make map and then actually implemented. There are many problems which are
faced by managers to apply it in business operations it is essential to know what can be done
through which organisational goals can be achieved.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it is clear that the role of manager in operating business is
very important. If company wants to launch some new product there is requirement of proper
planning. Manager of company has to plan future prospects of company through use of PLC
concept. PLC theory tells about introduction, growth, maturity and decline of product in its
overall life. Production of new product require time as well as cost so it is important to analyse
market and adopt technique which is most appropriate in satisfying customer need. As per
discussion implementation of operational management principle is not easy, it is important that
leader has to apply these principles effectively. Operational management is duty of top level
management of company but there responsibilities is check working style of subordinates. In
case of negative results correct actions must be taken to provide utmost satisfaction to customer.
This will help organisation to satisfy its goals and objectives.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Antonio Martins, V. and Ramos Martins, M., 2012. Outsourcing operations in project
management offices: The reality of Brazilian companies. Project management
journal. 43(2). pp.68-83.
Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio
management and its impact on success. International Journal of Project
Management. 31(6). pp.830-846.
Blomquist, T. and et. al., 2010. Project‐as‐practice: In search of project management research
that matters. Project Management Journal. 41(1). pp.5-16.
Brauers, W. K. M. and Zavadskas, E. K., 2010. Project management by MULTIMOORA as an
instrument for transition economies. Technological and Economic Development of
Economy. 16(1). pp.5-24.
Fernández-Sánchez, G. and Rodríguez-López, F., 2010. A methodology to identify sustainability
indicators in construction project management—Application to infrastructure projects in
Spain. Ecological Indicators. 10(6). pp.1193-1201.
Fleming, Q. W. and Koppelman, J. M., 2016, December. Earned value project management.
Project Management Institute.
Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E. W., 2012. The future of operations management: an outlook and
analysis. International Journal of Production Economics. 135(2). pp.687-701.
Lenfle, S. and Loch, C., 2010. Lost roots: how project management came to emphasize control
over flexibility and novelty. California Management Review. 53(1). pp.32-55.
Mir, F. A. and Pinnington, A. H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking
project management performance and project success. International journal of project
management. 32(2). pp.202-217.
Pemsel, S. and Wiewiora, A., 2013. Project management office a knowledge broker in project-
based organisations. International Journal of Project Management. 31(1). pp.31-42.
Ramasesh, R. V. and Browning, T. R., 2014. A conceptual framework for tackling knowable
unknown unknowns in project management. Journal of Operations Management. 32(4).
pp.190-204.
Robichaud, L. B. and Anantatmula, V. S., 2010. Greening project management practices for
sustainable construction. Journal of Management in Engineering. 27(1). pp.48-57.
Söderlund, J., 2011. Pluralism in project management: navigating the crossroads of
specialization and fragmentation. International Journal of Management Reviews. 13(2).
pp.153-176.
Subramanian, N. and Ramanathan, R., 2012. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy
Process in operations management. International Journal of Production
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Turner, R., 2016. Gower handbook of project management. Routledge.
Online
Management Theories & Concepts at the Workplace. 2018. [Online]. Available
through:<http://smallbusiness.chron.com/management-theories-concepts-workplace-17693.html
>.
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