Protein and Water soluble vitamins PDF

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Running Head: PROTEIN AND WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Proteins and water soluble vitamins
Student’s Name
Professor’s name
Name of the institution

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PROTEIN AND WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Part B
Question 1: Protein structure
Protein structure is determined by low energy chemical bond between atoms in amino side
chains and polypeptide backbone, amino acid sequence and local. These structures include:
primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary and quaternary structures. Primary is made of
sequences of amino acids; secondary made of interaction between polypeptide chains, tertiary is
made of a three dimensional folding driven by interactions between R group and quaternary
made of arrangements and orientation of subunits (Gutteridge & Thornton, 2015).
Functions of proteins
Gutteridge & Thornton (2015) outline the following functions of proteins;
 They defend the body from foreign substances (antigens).they bind themselves to the
antigens like viruses and bacteria .they immobilizes the antigens so that they are
destroyed by white blood cells.
 They carry out chemical reactions in a cell. They speed up the rate of reaction hence
referred as a catalyst i.e. lactase
 help in the coordination of specific body activities hence referred as messenger proteins
i.e. insulin
 Storage and transportation of molecules
 Repair and maintenance: as they are referred as body building


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PROTEIN AND WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Question 2: Water soluble vitamins
Vitamin C:
According to Moyer (2014), vitamin C is also known as L-ascorbic acid. It has a strong reducing
effect; it is received in food since man as well as other primates cannot synthesis it. The source is
in liver, vegetables and fruits. Deficiency of vitamin C leads to scurvy and when taken in excess
leads to diarrhea.
Vitamin B-complex group include: vitamin B1: deficiency leads to beriberi
vitaminB3: deficiency leads to pellagra and in excess leads to vasodilation
vitaminB5: lack leads to loss of pigmentation
Vitamin B6: lack leads to mucosal changes
Vitamin B7: lack leads to vascular disorders
Vitamin B12: deficiency leads to anemia
Figure showing vitamin B complex group

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PROTEIN AND WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
References
Gutteridge, A., & Thornton, J. M. (2005). Understanding nature's catalytic toolkit. Trends in
biochemical sciences, 30(11), 622-629.
Moyer VA (April 2014). "Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplements for the primary
prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: U.S. Preventive services Task
Force recommendation statement". Annals of Internal Medicine. 160 (8): 558–
64. doi: 10.7326/M14-0198.