Improvement Strategies for Health and Safety, Information and Data Management System, and Incident Reporting

This document provides improvement strategies for health and safety, information and data management system, and incident reporting. It includes subtypes, scope, culture, coherence, compliance, choices, and logistical considerations. It also covers policy documents, communication methods, stakeholders, and hazard control.

1.

[Document title]
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[Company name]
[Company address]

1. Strategy for improvement
Strategy for health and safety improvement
Proposal
The proposed improvement strategy relates to providing a safe, healthy and vibrant
working community that will provide quality child and patient care services.
Scope
The proposed improvement strategy allows healthcare organizations to adopt and utilize
innovative solutions for managing health and safety issues.
Subtype
Compliance, coherence, and culture are three subtypes of the improvement strategy
Culture
o Effective health and safety culture can be engendered by continuous
improvement in patterns of behavior, competences, perceptions, and
attitudes of the organization.
Coherence
o To ensure and embed guidance, advice, procedures, and policies are
understood to all visitors, contractors, staff, and patients.
Compliance
o To ensure that organization adheres to all required and relevant health and
safety legislation (Support, 2013)
Choices
Using the effective and regulatory framework to improve organizational
effectiveness by adapting and responding to changing circumstances
Promote health and safety through positive culture and effective leadership
Forecasted implications
Managers and staff members can acquire knowledge about health and safety.
Staff will understand the need for complying with safety standards
Reduce risks and hazards at the workplace
Logistical considerations
The information about the proposed improvement strategy should be transferred
among all departments of the organization through email or pamphlets.
The staff members should use desirable hygienic measures when providing child
and patient care services.

A statement
The aim of the improvement strategy is to create positive health and safety culture which
should be compliance with relevant regulations and coherent policies and procedures.
Rationale
Healthcare professionals, Managers, and other staff members encounter health related issue
such as high clinical work, intensive computer work, and other hazards when providing
services to their patients. These risks can be reduced or eliminated by this proposed
improvement strategy.
Recommendation
It has been recommended to implement the proposed strategy to continuously
improve the well-being, health, and safety of all patients and staff at the workplace.
Responsible facilitator
Health and safety executive
2. An opportunity for improvement with regards to the information and data
management system
Improvement strategy for Information and data
management system
Purpose
To improve organizational efficiency with the use of the Information and Data
management system that will overcome issues associated with data confidentiality and
privacy.
Communicate improvements strategy
The designed improvement strategy will be communicated to the senior management of the
organization by conducting a meeting as the proposal objectives cannot be met without the
support of senior management. It is essential to communicate strategy, then it looks like
disregard for both senior management and employees.
Communication method
 Meetings
 Email
How communication changes in different stages
Communication stages How communication
changes
An important point to be
considered

Planning stage  In this stage,
attention will be
given to improve
strategy and
organizational
expectations
towards it.
 Determine who will
be affected by the
improvement
strategy.
Push communication or
instructional videos can be
used to communicate
during the planning stage.
Documentation stage The documentation covers
1. Vision
2. Goals
3. Implementation plan
4. Where and when the
strategy will
implement
5. Targets
6. Scope
The copy of the document
will be distributed among
senior management and
team members.
The information captured
during the planning phase
will be documented in this
stage to avoid confusion
regarding the improvement
strategy.
Implementation stage Use face to face
communication medium to
manage challenges
occurred during
implementation of the
improvement strategy.
The communication will
occur frequently when
required in the
implementation phase as
compared to other phases.
3. The policy document for health and safety
Policy document
Health and safety legislation

Work Health and Safety Act of 2011
Model Work Health and Safety Regulations Amendment (Diving Work) 2018
Workplace Health & Safety Regulation 2011
Fair Work act 2009
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000
Scope of health and safety information
To disseminate and develop important health and safety information which should
be accessible and understandable to everyone (Corporate Health & Safety, 2013)
To provide information accurately and clearly to the staff so that they can work
safely
How it should be analyzed, stored, audited and utilized
Storing – Health and safety information should be stored by using Health and
Safety Information System.
Analyzing – Both internal and external sources should be analyzed to capture
information.
Internal sources External sources
 Inspector’s reports
 Policies
 Audits
 Inspections
 Accident records
 Committees/representatives
 Risk assessments
 HMSO
 Internet
 Local safety group
 HSE
 Data banks
 Standards
 Suppliers
Auditing – The reliability of the health and safety system of an organization can be
evaluated and examined through auditing. The policy needs, the effectiveness of
existing health and safety controls should be reviewed and improve organizational
performance.
Utilization – The work and health safety information will be utilized to overcome OSH
issues at the workplace.
How to communicate information
The information about welfare, health, and safety should be provided to employees by
means of leaflets, posters, meetings or emails.
Stakeholders affected

All employees
Health and safety executives
Senior management
4. Register
Incident Who should
deliver the
notification
Who should be
notified
Information about any
legislative obligations
A superficial cut
on the hand
The injured
person, or
persons involved
in the incident or
incident witness
 Emergency
department
 Health and
safety
executive
 the Diseases and
Dangerous
Occurrences
Regulations 1995
for incident
reporting.
 Right to statutory
sick pay
A broken arm The injured
person, or
persons involved
in the incident or
incident witness
 Health and
safety
executive
 Emergency
department
 the Diseases and
Dangerous
Occurrences
Regulations 1995 to
report the incident.
 Right to statutory
sick pay
A chemical spill
with multiple
injuries
The injured
person, or
persons involved
in the incident or
incident witness
 Health and
safety
department
 Emergency
department
 the Federal Mine
Safety and Health
Act of 1977 and the
Occupational Safety
and Health Act of
1970 will be
considered to
determine the
exposure limits of
chemicals/hazardous
substances at the

workplace
(Legislation.gov.uk,
2019).
 the Diseases and
Dangerous
Occurrences
Regulations 1995
A death caused
by a crushing
injury
The injured
person, or
persons involved
in the incident or
incident witness
Health and safety
executive
 Under the Diseases
and Dangerous
Occurrences
Regulations 1995.,
the death incident
should be reported.
(Chemicalspill.org,
2017)
5. Action plan and the timeline for an investigation
Action plan
Members of the investigation team
 Line manager
 Safety representatives
 A person from the worksite
Scope of investigation
 The scope of the investigation is to investigate the incident of chemical accidents
occurred at the workplace (WorkplaceNL, 2019)
Resources required to conduct a full investigation
Investigation kit  Investigation checklist
 Graph paper
 Notepaper
Safety equipment  Hard hat
 Protective clothing

 Safety footwear
 Eye protection
Investigation timeline
Activities Start date Finish date
Investigation planning 24-05-2019 27-05-2019
Visiting the area of the accident 28-05-2019 1-06-2019
Conduct interviews for finding
causes of a chemical accident
2-06-2019 4-06-2019
Gather evidences 5-06-2019 9-06-2019
Take corrective action 10-06-2019 12-06-2019
Complete the investigation report 13-06-2019 17-06-2019
Follow up on recommendations 18-06-2019 25-06-2019
Evaluate corrective actions 26-06-2019 5-07-2019
6.
It is the responsibility of an employer to assign work to all workers on the basis of their
physical ability and skills they possess to do the job. By analyzing the given case scenario, it
has been observed that Kelly (administrative assistant) is 59 years old and she does not know
the root cause behind the occurrence of injury and assumes that it has caused by overuse. On
the other hand, according to employers, the duties of workers do not include repetitive
moments. The Case Manager will examine the medical certificates submitted by the
employees. The left wrist injury is a short a kind of short-term injury and the Case Manager
can approve the claim for compensation based on the medical report.
The basic legal eligibility requirements for employee’s compensation claim are
represented below:
1. The employee suffers a metal or physical injury related to his work.
2. The injured employee must provide notice to his/her employer within the required
period of statutorily.
3. The injury or resulting disability should prevent the injured employee from working
his/her regular duty position (Onwudinjo, 2019). c

As per the given case study details, the workers have lodged sick leave applications for
injuries which are not related to their work. This reason is enough for the rejection of claim
compensation. Hence, the Case Manager will reject the claim compensation registered for
non-work related injuries.
How would you decide whether the worker should have a return to work plan?
First of all, I will try to understand the extent and the nature of injuries and physical
disabilities. The return to work plan should be designed in the consultation with the injured
employees. When designing the return work plan, I will focus on the abilities of the injured
people rather than their disabilities. The duties of injured people will be changed if they do
will unable to do the job.
6 (b) Return to work program
Return to work program
Leadership and commitment
 The injured people will be provided with a healthy and safe workplace.
 The supervisors/employers will use a systematic approach to identify, control and
assess health related hazards.
 Injury management commitment
 Weekly benefits will be provided to employees
Support team
 Faculty head
 Workers compensation department
 HR coordinator
 Return to work coordinator
 Nominated treating doctor
Injured workers have the right to
 Confidentiality and privacy
 Access to mechanisms for solving disputes and complaints
 Choice of the nominated treating doctor
Alternative duties will be provided to employees
 Assign jobs by considering their physical disabilities such as
o Telephone operators

o Customer service
o Advisor
 Provide training opportunities in context to assigned new duties (Government,
2019)
Working hours
Initially, the total working hours of injured employees will be less as compared to regular
job requirements. The working hours will be increased gradually with the ability of the
person.
The process to manage employees during return to work
(
MHCC, 2019)
Risk analysis
Risk analysis will be conducted by the risk manager to identify risks. The risk manager
should focus on below-listed risk factors during the analysis phase
 Somatic focus
 Diagnosis
 Pain severity
 Workplace conflict
 Fear of injury
 Lack of autonomy
 Workplace inflexibility
 Pain severity etc.

Several ways of risk identification and evaluation
1. Objective measurement (FCE)
2. Clinician impressions
3. Administrative data (WC system)
4. Worksite visit
5. Patient questionnaire
7. Variable
When targeting in explanation to any given audience, there are various variables which can
be taken into consideration such as personality, lifestyle, interest, beliefs, etc. Mainly, the
target audience can be segmented on the basis of demographics, lifestyle, and
psychographics, behavioral and geographic variables. The key parameters of these variables
are listed below:
Behavioral Psychographic Demographic Geographic
 Experience
and interest
of the given
audience
with the
organization
or products
 Benefits
sought
 Usage
 Audience
status and
prospect
 Shared
activities,
behaviors,
and interest
of the given
audience
 Opinions,
values,
attitudes of
the audience
 Shared
demographics
or personality
qualities such
as income,
education,
occupation,
marital status,
gender, age
 Local,
regional,
international
or national
8. Incident report
This section should be filled by an employee
Who was hurt? First name: Abc Last name:jdb Phone:[phone]

Contractors
Visitors  Job title: Packaging
worker
Department: Packing Supervisor: John
Employees  Date & time of the
incident
2/04/2019
Date reported
2/04/2019
Type of incident
Other
Slip, fall or trip
Struck
by/against an
object
Description of the incident
The incident of exposure to hazardous gases occurred in the
production plant of ABC organization. Approximately 20 workers
were injured due to inhalation of toxic fumes such as Methyl
Isocyanate. This incident occurred due to the carelessness of one of
the worker.
Repetitive strain
Exposure to
hazardous

Other
Incident witness Name: Yahina
Contact number: 01292-3863992
Did you see any healthcare/medical professional? If yes, then provide phone number and address.
Yes, I have seen two medical professionals who provide medical support after the incident.
Name: David (contact number: 17720- 689923) and Rohini (contact number: 10986-278030)
The following section should be filled by the supervisor
Contributing factors
Unsafe equipment  Hazardous environment

 Insufficient training  Insufficient care
 Operating without authority Other
Explanation of contributing factors
Insufficient training, carelessness of employee, hazardous environment of production plant are
major factors which contributed to the incident.
Details of property damage – NO
Corrective measures were taken after the incident
 Conduct job safety analysis
 Improving job practices and procedures
 Provide on-the-job training to workers
 Enforce safety devices (alarm)
 Review PPE
Signatures of employee Date Signature of supervisor Date
9.
The investigation results will be provided to the supervisor, Health and safety
committee and owner of the large book retailer store.
The hard copy and soft copy of the conducted investigation will be created.
The graphic charts or powerpoint presentation can be used to present the
outcomes of the investigation effectively in front of each party.
The authorization from the health and safety committee and the book store
owner will be required to ensure the recommended solutions will be
implemented in compliance with health and safety legislation as well as
organizational policies.
10. Hazard control

Hazard control – Elimination hazard control will be applied to overcome existing health and
safety issues associated with mechanical problems in the motion detection system. The
organization has been recommended to deploy a smart hazard detection and tracking system
based on augmented reality to provide a safe and healthy workplace to all workers.
Why elimination hazard control – As per the given case study details, the hazardous risks
are associated with the motion detection system. The guard does not provide with a
notification at the time of motion detection. The existing hazards/risks can be eliminated
completely by replacing the existing hazard detection system with the proposed smart
detection and tracking system (Younis, 2019). The new system will provide notification to
the guard when any movement will be detected at the workplace.
Who would you consult with? Why?
 Lucas (Supervisor)
 Goran (Team Member)
 Union Representatives
 Health and Safety committee (Compliance Manager, Four Staff from the Warehouse)
 Guards
I will consult with the health and safety committee to discuss the effectiveness of proposed
hazard detection and tracking system in context to worker’s requirements. Moreover, I will
consult with other stakeholders like Lucas, Goran, Union Representatives, and Guards to get
insight insights about their views about health and safety matters (Supriyadi & Ramdan,
2017).
Stakeholder Information provided
Lucas  The outcome of conducted risk
assessment
 Risk of injury to Goran (Langerman,
2009)
Goran (Team Leader)  Information about the existing
mechanical problem

Union representatives  Share views on WHS matters
Health and Safety committee  Outcomes of workplace inspection
 Hazard control
 Decisions made for the welfare of
workers
 Health and safety procedures
 Health and safety concerns
(Johnstone, 2011)
Guards  Problems faced by Guards in context
to the existing alarming system
(hazard detection system)
 Share views on WHS matters
11. (a) Root cause analysis of forklift incident occurred
Root cause analysis tree diagram
In the above section, the root cause analysis of the forklift incident has been investigated with
the help of a tree diagram (Motarjemi & Wallace, 2014). Untidy floors, congested workplace
with loads and lack of clear driving avenues are major housekeeping issues/obstructions
which create an unsafe environment to the operator. Moreover, the operator is unable to stop
Forklift incident
occued
Housekeeping
Issues
a lack of clear
driving avenues Untidy floors
Workspace
congested with
loads
Operator failed to
stop equipment
when being
spoken too
unsafe driving unstable loads
Lack of Primary or
Ongoing Safety
Training
Relatively new
employee
Unavailability of
experienced
trainer

equipment when due to unstable loads and unsafe driving. Actually, the operator is new and
inexperienced. However, there is no experienced trainer available in the organization who
could provide health and safety training to new workers.
(b) Identify opportunities for intervention
Identified intervention Opportunities for
intervention
What will do
Not providing adequate
instruction
Provide adequate instruction
to forklift operators
 Employer/supervisor
should provide
adequate
instructions to
operators and does
not them to operate
in critical unsafe
conditions.
Allowing the work site to
become untidy or slippery
underfoot
Workplace cleaning  There should not be
any obstacle on the
floor that might
obstruct the drivers.
Not attending training Conduct training programs
for both new and experienced
forklift operators
 The newly hired
operators will be
provided with
practical in the form
of demonstration
and hands-on
exercise.
 An experienced
trainer will be hired.
12. Principle vital to determine the cause of the incident

“Asking questions designed to find out why and how, rather than what” is a vital principle for
determining the cause of the incidents. In the context of this principle, an incident
investigator should ask pre-designed questions that test and challenge the credibility of
information given by the witness in a manner (Wasik & Hindman, 2013). By asking
questions, investigators can capture information related to the incident in a professional
manner.
Impacts of the chosen principle to the investigation process
This principle has a positive impact on the investigation process because by asking designed
questions, investigators can provide an opportunity to the witness to expand on the important
and requested information. Investigators should ask open-ended questions rather than closed-
ended questions to elicit more information related to the incident in an effective way
(SIROIS, 2019).
Ways to carry out the implementation of the chosen investigation principle
 Identify the questioning technique that will be used to ask questions
 Types of questioning techniques
 Open-ended questions
 Close-ended questions
 Probing questions
 Feeling questions
 Asking “what else”?
 Ask summary
 Design questions
 Conduct interviews
 Ask questions
 Document information captured from the witness in context to all questions (Koen
& Mitchell, 2012).
13. The management should conduct a periodic review in order to ensure that correct
health and safety legislation, workplace processes and policies are complied with
during the execution of well-being and health program. In order to provide protection
from the legal actions, Managers should conduct reviews on a monthly or bi-monthly
basis (ACU, 2019). All health and safety related incidents occurred in the workplace

should be investigated, reviewed and reported on the basis of the organizational
policies and health and safety legislation. Business organizations can follow the
Compliance Code of Practices ensure that workplace health and safety legislation,
workplace processes and policies have been complied with during well-being and
health program.
14.
a. The Model Work Health and Safety Act says that a person conducting a business must
ensure that health monitoring should be provided to the workers who are working at
the workplace using, generating, storing or handling hazardous chemicals because
exposure to the hazardous chemical is highly risky for their health (Australian
Government, 2019).
b. The Model Work Health and Safety Act and the Work Health and Safety Regulations
stated different types of health monitoring approaches for benzene such as
 Demographics, occupational and medical history
 Urinary inorganic arsenic
 Physical examination with emphasis on skin and on the peripheral nervous
system
 Records of personal exposure (Safe Work Australia, 2019)
These are the valid health monitoring techniques for benzene. The organization can
implement these techniques in compliance with The Model Work Health and Safety
Act and the Work Health and Safety Regulations for providing a safe working
environment to workers (Australian Government, 2019).
c. In context to the Code of Practice Managing Risks of Hazardous Chemicals in the
Workplace, health monitoring should be carried out by the organization in order to
identify where the risk to health is significant.
Code of practices for the person conducting business
 Inform all workers about the key requirements of health monitoring in order
to ensure that health monitoring has been performed appropriately.
 Maintain a record of health monitoring for at least 30 years
 Maintain confidentiality of health monitoring record
 Pay all expenses related to health monitoring

 Provide a copy of the health monitoring report to all workers (Safe Work
Australia, 2018)
15. Health and Safety initiatives for managing the health and safety of workers
exposed to asbestos
Managing the health and safety of workers exposed to asbestos
Purpose of the program
The purpose of this program is to provide a safe and healthy working environment for all
workers by monitoring exposure of asbestos at the workplace on a regular basis. This program
outlines the basic processes required to manage workplace health and well-being initiatives in
an effective way.
Health and safety legislation for exposure to asbestos
 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
 Occupational Safety and Health Act
 ccc
Processes to implement health and well-being initiatives
Monitoring and health assessment
Monitoring and health assessment process will be performed in order to gather information
about health and well-being measures. The person who is undertaking or conducting business
must ensure that health monitoring should be performed under regulation 436 on workers who
are carrying out asbestos removal work. The responsible person should consider records of
worker’s personal exposure, his occupational, medical & demographic history during the health
monitoring process. The management should pay for health monitoring expenses to achieve the
goals of this program.
 Information about the asbestos exposure on the worker’s health can be captured by
considering
o Records of worker’s personal exposure
o Occupational, medical and demographics of workers

o Physical examination of workers
 Health monitoring should be performed under the supervision of a medical practitioner
 Information captured during the monitoring process must be registered to medical
practitioners.
 Under regulation 435, a person undertaking business should obtain health monitoring
report from the medical practitioner after successful completion of the monitoring
process.
 Provide copy of health monitoring report to all workers and regulators for
communicating outcomes.
 Keep monitoring records safe and confidential for at least 40 years
 Additional monitoring will be performed through hazard identification as shown below
o Clearance inspection (air monitoring) will be performed to remove asbestos in
the unsafe area
Workplace consultation
The operator must consult with the workers, regulators or other parties under section 49(f)
regarding major hazards. The consultation process must cover
o Preparation of safety case for representing major hazards
o Preparation and implementation of an emergency plan
o Establishment of the safety management plan in context to major hazards
o Discussing the findings of conducted health assessment and health findings
Strategies for consultation
Following strategies can be used to identify and evaluate factors during the consultation
process:
 Health and Safety Representatives (HSR) framework can be followed for effective
consultation.
 Face to face communication through meetings is the best way for consultation for
identifying and evaluating factors on workers’ wellbeing and health.
Development and planning
In this process, the program execution team will develop a plan which covers initiatives and
measures of worker health and wellbeing including timelines, responsibilities of professionals
and resourcing requirements. Processes of program development and planning processes are

listed below
 Senior management must provide the required support to ensure the program objectives
in context to health and safety will be completed.
 The issues identified in the health monitoring process will be discussed in the planning
process along with available hazard controls.
 Appropriate hazardous controls should be planned in this phase that will
overcome/reduce the health and safety risks associated with asbestos.
 Define the minimum limit of asbestos exposure
Resource requirements
 Asbestos register
 Health monitoring report
 Human resources
 Purchase safety equipment’s for workers like asbestos hand gloves, safety helmet,
welding mask, Safety goggles, etc.
Timelines
Activities Start date Finish date
Identify the need for health
and safety program
25-05-2019 26-05-2019
Define program goals 27-05-2019 28-05-2019
Assign roles and
responsibilities
29-05-2019 30-05-2019
Health monitoring 31-05-2019s 5-06-2019
Identify hazards 6-06-2019 7-06-2019
Consultation 8-06-2019 9-06-2019
Implement control measures 10-06-2019 12-06-2019
Evaluate health conditions
and workplace situation
13-06-2019 20-06-2019
Design asbestos register 21-06-2019 24-06-2019
Conduct review 25-06-2019 27-06-2019
Update register 28-06-2019 29-06-2019
Training program 30-06-2019 3-07-2019
Final documentation 4-06-2019 5-06-2019

Responsibilities
 Sponsor/advisor in the organization will be responsible to take a lead role in the program
development and planning process.
 The person conducting/undertaking the business will assign roles and responsibilities to
regulators, workers, medical practitioners, and health and safety committee.
 The medical practitioner will examine the health status of workers.
 The senior manager and workers will work collaboratively to create a healthy and safe
work environment.
 Health and safety committee will be responsible for informing all workers about the
issues related to asbestos exposure
Implementation strategies
 The health and safety committee should implement the work health and safety plan
based on the basis of the developed program plan. The implementation process should
be in compliance with the Code of Practice Managing Risks of Hazardous Chemicals in
the Workplace, The Model Work Health and Safety Act and The Work Health and
Safety Regulations.
 Continuous communication and liaison strategy should be preferred to provide important
information about the health hazards to workers. There is no doubt that the health and
safety committee acts as a communication bridge between workers and management.
The committee can use online and offline both communication media to provide
information about the implementation of implemented safety controls (NIH Gov, 2018).
 All professionals should coordinate each other in context to the legal requirements and
organizational policies.
 Occupational Safety and Health Administration should be followed for administering
resources. It covers
o Safety and Health Regulations for Construction, toxic and hazardous substances,
29 CFR 1926.1101
o Toxic and hazardous substances, 29 CFR Part 1910.1001,
Implementation practices
 Containment of asbestos operations

 Removal of asbestos waste
 Means for decontamination of workers
 Provide safety equipment’s to workers
Evaluation
After successful implementation of the plan, it must be reviewed for the following
1. To ensure that workers are not exposed to asbestos
2. To examine the capability of an organization to disseminate the program
3. Review working site, asbestos register, health, and safety program plan, and health
monitoring reports
4. Develop review reports
5. Discuss outcome with the workers and senior management through a group discussion
session
6. Share information about existing hazards, implemented hazard controls, need of health
and safety training and future program goals.
16. Implementation of emergency procedure
What is a hazard: Any project, behavior or situation that causes ill health or injury
Major types of hazards
 Safety – inappropriate machine guarding, slipping
 Psychological – lack of support, violence, stress
 Physical – extreme pressure, cold, heat, noise
 Chemical – exposure of chemical substance like asbestos, benzene
 Ergonomic – heavy lifting, repetitive movements
Causes of emergencies
 Lack of proper procedures
 The attitude of workers towards their safety
 The carelessness of workers or senior management
Worksite needs
The needs of all business stakeholders should be considered by continual review, consultation and
monitoring for developing an effective emergency plan.
Reporting and documentation procedures
 Reporting to corporate personnel, police, government agencies or other organizations when

an emergency occurs.
 Documentation should cover palm card instructions used by workers during an emergency.
 The management is responsible for controlling the revision, presentation, distribution, and
accessibility to the incident plan.
Compliance
The Model WHS act should be considered by the organizations to comply with their organizational
policies with health and safety legislation and Australian standards.
Types of emergencies
 Fire
 Structural failure
 Explosion
 Gas leak (Safe Work Australia, 2012)
 Transport incident
 Subversive activities
 Impact event (ships, railways, etc.)
 Chemical spill etc.
How to reduce the impact of emergencies
 By implementing an effective emergency plan
Prioritization of actions in response to emergencies
The prioritization of actions in response to emergencies has been represented through the flowchart
effectively in the following section:

Input of stakeholders
The safety of all people at the worksite is essential so the input of stakeholders is needed when
identifying potential emergencies as it will allow the facility emergency controller to manage
critical emergency situations successfully at the workplace.
Different information sources
 Emergency Service Information Package (ESIP)
 decontamination procedures for exposed workers at the workplace
Role of emergencies agencies and specialist advisors
 Suggest emergency control and management strategies in context to current industry
practices
 Test all parts of a designed emergency plan
 Provide advising services 24*7
Risk register
It is an effective full regulatory compliance and risk management tool acts as a repository for

storing all identified risks (Hiscock & Jones, 2017). Date, risk number, trigger, risk owner, risk
ranking, likelihood, risk description, existing controls, consequences, and overall risk score are the
main components of the risk register,
Example of risk register (EMS, 2013)
Resources needed to implement emergency procedures
Emergency equipment’s, personnel, wind velocity detector, gas detector, neutralizing agents, sand,
spill bins, absorbents, decontamination equipment (Wiwanitkit, 2016).
Emergency equipment (in context to fire emergency)
Emergency equipment How it should be used Need to check it regularly
Fire detector Used to detect the unwanted
presence of fire
No need to check as it works
automatically
Fire bucket Filled with water or sand used
to prevent extinguish fires
Check regularly to protect
from extinguishing fires
Fire extinguisher Control small fires For optimal workplace safety
Strategies to spread awareness among people from diverse abilities and backgrounds
 Training and education (NIH Gov, 2018)
 Use common language which should be easily understandable for all e.g. English
The first response to emergencies

 Pre-requisites – Take reasonable appropriate actions for your safety and Care about injured
people and provide the medical emergency facility to him
Precautions to be taken during an emergency
In the following section, the precautions are represented which can be taken during a fire
emergency
 Take reasonable appropriate actions for your safety
 Cooperate with management on this matter
 If there is an emergency, then inform to the employer and provide first aid service
 Reporting to the corporate personnel
 Establish an appropriate means to contact to firing control agencies/emergency services
 Provide first aid service to injured employees
 Implement the necessary fire precaution measures (Government, 2019)
Evacuations process in context to fire incident
Immediately cease all activities and securing valuable personals when hearing an evacuation alarm
Provide assistance to injured people only if it is safe for you.
Act accordingly the instructions provided by emergency control agency
Evacuate the building as soon as possible
Give assistance for the evacuation of disabled people
Don’t be panic and move calmly
Follow the instruction provided by senior management and emergency service personnel.
Second response phase to emergencies
 Contact the emergency service personnel about the incident and try to manage the situation
bravely.
Type of training needed by personnel
 Emergency and safety equipment training
 Training program on emergency preparedness and response
Debriefing
It is a facilitator-led approach allows respondents to review their expressions, feelings, thoughts,
facts, and reactions after the occurrence of a critical emergency event (Donnelly, 2017). Personnel
should be debriefed post-emergency, during or at the end of their shift in order to mitigate stress
among emergency first responder (Dahl, 2017).

Monitor, evaluate, improve the emergency response procedures
The emergency plan reviews/evaluation can be initiated by
 Findings of reporting, communication, and audits
 Lessons from incidents
 Changes in activities and products
 Changes in organizational directions
 Changes in legislation
 Advances in technology and equipment
Modify the emergency plan based on the outcome of the conducted evaluation.
The need for good interpersonal skills
People in charge of implementing emergency controls or plan must possess effective interpersonal
skills to communicate important information with all workers during an emergency.
Roles and responsibilities of various people in an emergency situation
 Emergency agency - Suggest emergency control and management strategies in context to
current industry practices and provide assistance in emergency
 Workers – Cooperate with management and emergency control personnel in an emergency
 Senior management – To implement appropriate safety controls for managing the critical
situation
17.
a. Five hazards
 Falls on the slippery floor due to availability of safety equipment
 Transportation accidents
 Chemical Spills
 Fire catches by chemical substances
 Burns during chemical decantation process
 Chronic health hazards for workers, children, nurses, elderly residents if
chemical transporting trucks will be crashed on the road via accident.
 Inhalation of breath poisons as workers do not carry health and safety
equipment at the workplace
b. Stakeholders

Stakeholders Need for consultation
Workers  To get information about the health
issues faced by workers
 Get information about the type of
health injuries/incident occurred in
the last year (Ganah & John, 2015)
Waste contractor  Gather information about the waste
management process
Representatives of the child care center  To gather information about health
issues faced by children in the
respected area
Local council  To gather information about the
impact of empty chemicals on the
land
Nursing home representatives  To consult with nursing home
representatives regarding health
issues faced by elderly people
Why they should be consulted to identify potential emergencies
They should be consulted to overcome emergency incidents occurred due to carelessness and
inadequate health and safety practices of ABC Chemicals.
c. List of advisors and emergency agencies
 Victoria State Emergency Service
 DEFS (Department of fire and emergency services)
 NCEC
ABC chemical organization can consult with NCEC emergency service provider organization
as it provides advice regarding chemical emergencies such as exposure, spills, etc. NCEF
agency provides information about resilient risk management services that will help to protect
the life, reputation, performance, assets, and environment of ABC chemicals by preventing
the occurrence of emergencies. The organization suggested various safety equipment that will

be used by workers when decanting chemicals. This information will be useful for the
organization and would be considered during the emergency planning process.
d. Risk register
Risk
no.
Risk Causes Likelihood Risk
level
Risk
strategy
#1 Falls on the
slippery floor
Unavailability of
safety equipment
2 Prevent
#2 Fire Exposure of
chemical on the
floor
1 Prevent
#3 Burns during
chemical
decantation
process
The carelessness
of workers
because they are
not trained
3 Prevent
#4 Chronic health
hazards for
workers,
children, nurses,
elderly residents
if chemical
transporting
trucks will be
crashed on the
road via
accident.
Carelessness 5 Prevent
#5 Inhalation of
breath poisons
as workers do
Inadequate
business
operations of the
4 Prevent

not carry health
and safety
equipment at the
workplace
organization
#6 Transportation
accidents
Busy road 6 Prevent
e. Chemical explosion and falls on the slippery floor are major types of emergency that
might be experienced by the ABC Chemicals organization. The chances of occurrence
of these types of emergencies are high because the workers are inexperienced and do
not provide with appropriate health and safety equipment. These emergencies might
cause death or severe injury. Moreover, the chemical explosion is more critical as
compared to falls on slippery because a greater number of people will be affected by
chemical explosions.
f. An emergency that ABC chemical might experience
Burns – During decantation of chemicals into retail sized containers, the ABC
Chemical might experience an emergency of chemical burns. The organization has
been fitted with limited safety equipment. Moreover, the workers do not provide with
any kind of workplace training. However, due to unhealthy work situations caused by
a slippery floor and lack of safety measures, the workers might experience health and
safety issues like skin burns. In order to limit or eliminate the risk of an emergency,
required safety equipment should be provided to all workers. All workers should wear
a laboratory coat, tee covered footwear and safety glasses at all times in the
workplace.
g. Selected emergency – Fire
How to limit the impact
Following practices have performed to limit the impact of the fire at the workplace
o In order to limit the impact of fire incident at the workplace, fire alarming
system could be deployed.
o To ensure that all machines, equipment, and containers must be free from dust
and Greece.

o Clean and repair flammable liquid leaks immediately
o The fire extinguishers were available in some areas in the workplace that used
to manage the emergency situation.
h. Prioritization of actions to be taken during the emergency of the fire has broken
out at the premises
 Operate nearest fire alarm
 Take reasonable appropriate actions for your safety
 Leave the premises by nearest exist
 Reporting to the corporate personnel
 Cooperate with management on this matter
 Establish an appropriate means to contact to firing control agencies/emergency
services
 Provide first aid service to injured employees
 Implement the necessary fire precaution measures
i. Required emergency resources
 Chemical emergency control personnel
 Safety equipment
 Emergency plan
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
 Clean up material
 Absorbent
j. Checklist to ensure all emergency equipment is in serviceable condition:
Checklist Check visuals
(cuts, cracks,
corrosion,
contamination by
chemicals)
Working
condition
Comment
Life jacket Pending Pending -
First aid kit Pending Pending -
Flares Pending Pending -
Fire extinguisher Pending Pending -
Clean up material Pending Pending -

Footwears Pending Pending -
Goggles Pending Pending -
Helmet Pending Pending -
k. Emergency response plan
Actions required for a major type of emergency (chemical spills)
 If the emergency is acute, then the emergency chemical spill kit can be used.
Otherwise;
 Leave the area where the chemical has exposed.
 Attend the contaminated person and remove them from the unsafe area.
 Inform emergency service agencies.
 Close doors of the affected area
 Send notification to the entire workforce
l. Training needs for ABC chemicals
 To spread awareness among workers regarding safe handling of chemicals
 To eliminate/reduce the total count of health and safety incidents (Ganah &
John, 2015)
Appropriate training providers for emergency services training
 Fire, Emergency Response and Medical Training
 EMS (Emergency Management Services)
 Fire and Safety Australia
Selected emergency service training provider
Fire and Safety Australia has been selected to provide chemical, fire and other workplace
emergency incidents related the training to workers. The reviews regarding all listed training
service providers have been explored over social media sites. Based on positive reviews, FSA
has been recommended for providing training services.
m. Action required to initial response to an incident at ABC chemicals
 Respond to the incident based on the designed emergency response plan
 Contact to emergency service agencies
 Site security and control
 Evacuation procedures
 Decontamination
 Provide medical treatment

 Emergency response and alerting
 Critique of follow up
n. list of 10 third parties that could provide support to personnel during the second
phase of the emergency at ABC Chemicals
Persons/organizations Support provided
Local community Help ABC Chemicals to manage an
emergency situation
Emergency service agencies Advice ABC Chemicals to the right way to
manage the emergency
Outsiders Provide assistance to injured people through
first aid service
NCFE Advising service
Australian Government Funding
Chubb  Provide fire extinguishing services
 Equipment repairing
State Hospital Medical service
Nursing home Medical service to workers
Victoria State Emergency Service Emergency support to ABC Chemicals
Ambulance service provider Ambulance support to injured people
18. Debriefing
Agenda of debriefing
 The agenda of debriefing is to provide participants with an opportunity to express
their feelings, reactions, and expressions in context to the emergency incident
suffered by them.

 To allow people to talk about their experience in context to the emergency plan
 To reduce the likelihood of harm such as traumatic
 Discuss and evaluate the effectiveness of the emergency plan through two-way
open communication
Roles
The experienced emergency incident professional is responsible for conducting
debriefing sessions for workers/incident respondents.
19.
Selected organization: Allied Mills Kingsgrove Australia
Strategy to monitor responses to emergencies
The organization has hired OH&S coordinator to monitor the responses in the emergency
situation. The coordinator reviews the ERP within the required time frame (once in a year) on
the basis of potential severity matrix of an emergency. The main purpose of this review is to
identify inefficiency and ineffectiveness which restrict the organization to eliminate adverse
impacts of emergency incidents completely.
The monitoring and evaluation processes are good but there is a lack of participation of
supervisors and workers. The effectiveness of the monitoring and evaluation process can be
improved with the participation of supervisors and key personnel (Black, 2012).
20. In this section, I want to discuss trauma event which adversely affects me personally.
Actually, I have experienced a horrible car accident three years ago. I have called the police
after the incident. During this incident, I felt stressed and did not leave the car. Fear, anxiety,
loss of emotional control were the main consequences of this incident which affect me
negatively. In the context of this event, I have realized that I need to improve my knowledge
related to safety precautions that should be taken while driving. I should be focused on an
emergency situation to reduce the impact of the incident.
21. Implementation of health and safety plan

Health and safety plan should be implemented by the organization in compliance with Work
Health and Safety Act 2011, Model Work Health and Safety Regulations Amendment
(Diving Work) 2018, Workplace Health & Safety Regulation 2011, Fair Work act 2009 and
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000.
Steps to implement health and safety plan
1. Understand the need for safety at the workplace
2. Create a safety culture by providing safety instructions to workers
3. Provide safety equipment to employees
4. Workplace injury causes and preparation
5. Optimize resources to injuries
6. Track progress
The effectiveness of a health and safety plan can be measured on the basis of defined plan
goals.
22. Self-auditing is an effective tool which can be used to review performance in context to
all areas of health and safety management system.
Self-Auditing assessment tool
Purpose – To provide an effective tool that will companies to assess occcupatioal health
and safety management system against the national Australian health and safety standards.
Scope – To review the health and safety performance
Self-assessment audt process
 A senior staff member should be appointed for coordinating the self-assessment
auditin process.
 The health and safety coordinators should conduct self-assessment audits and
review progress at least yearly with the assor.
 Develop an action plan on the basis of outcome of self-assessment
Documentation required during implementation of proposed system
 Self-assessment audit dates

 Action plan
 Self-assessment report
 Self-assessment checklist
 List of self-asssors
Criteria for assessment
Criteria Results
All employees should be provided with
access to OHS services at workplace.
Pending
Company should provide Health
surveillance for employees who have
exposed to health and security risks.
Pending
Determine the fitness of night shift
workers
Pending
Assess health risks from noise levels by
conducting noise surveys
Pending
Use expert evidence for maintaining an
immunisation service
Pending
Provide immunisation programmes that
meet OHS guidelines
Pending
Evaluate common risk management
stratey
Pending
23.
Total working hours = 549,000 in a year
Workplace employees =300
Total lost time injuries = 17

Off days =275
Lost time injury frequency rate = 17*1000000/549,000= 30.96
Incidence rate =17*100/275 = 5.666
Average lost time or severity rate = 275/17 = 16.1764
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