Quantitative Research Critique on Management and Prevention of Type II Diabetes

This research critique focuses on two quantitative studies that assess the management and prevention of type II diabetes among the youth. The studies examine the role of exercise and lifestyle interventions in controlling cardiovascular risks and improving glycemic control.

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Course: NRS 433- Introduction to Nursing Research
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Quantitative Research Critique
This research critique is based on the management and prevention of type II diabetes
among the youth. The significant issues linked to type II diabetes ranges from increased
disorders such as obesity’s, cardiovascular among other associated risks factors among the youth
are adversely linked to type II diabetes, thus it is vital to assess an appropriate management plan
for the control of type II diabetes. This research critique focuses on two quantitative studies
reflected upon an initial assessment.
Background of Studies
The study titled Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes by
Chudyk & Petrella (2011) assessed the role of exercises as a cornerstone towards management
and prevention of type II diabetes. The study outlines diabetes as a chronic disease which affects
the body’s overall ability to produce sufficient insulin in the body. Due to this state, the
insufficiency of insulin leads to increase levels of glucose in the blood leading to a state of
hyperglycemia. In relation to this, the study is viewing exercise as a possible remedy to manage
the body functionality. Hence the study conducted a review on investigating the effects of
aerobic exercise and resistance training on the emergence of cardiovascular risks in type II
diabetes.
In the second study titled Effect of lifestyle intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes: A
meta-analysis by Chen et al., (2015) assessed on type II diabetes emergencies and lifestyle
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effects. The study identifies lifestyle action to include physical activity, diet, and stress which
influence positively the overall prognosis of type II diabetes. Hence the role of overall lifestyle
modification is critical in the development of type II diabetes. Coupling various lifestyle changes
is relevant in the overall management of type II diabetes. This study focused on undertaking a
meta-analysis of studies assessing lifestyle interventions on the management of type II diabetes.
The objective of the study sought to evaluate the effects of lifestyle changes on type II diabetes
Meta analytically.
The studies above focus on the role of lifestyle on the management of type II diabetes.
Diabetes state occurs as a result of the functionality of the body. Thus this resonates with my
PICOT study questions which seek to assess the role of exercise on managing type II Diabetes,
especially among teenagers so as to prevent other adverse effects. The proposed interventions
being investigated are tandem with my PICOT study and aim to seek an answer to what the
PICOT question is seeking to find out.
Methods of Studies
The studies employed quantitative methodologies in its approach. The study by Chen et al
(2015) undertook meta-analysis assessment on studies undertaken focusing on lifestyle
intervention on management of type II diabetes. The study focused on web databases such as
Medlin, Cochrane, Embase and Google scholar searching randomized controlled studies having
control and treatment groups, with a primary goal on the reduction of cardiovascular disease as
an adverse effect of type II diabetes. The study by Chudyk & Petrella (2011), further explores
systematic reviews of literature between 1970 and the year 2009 in representative databases on
the effects of aerobic or resistance training on the cardiovascular clinical markers among patients
with type II diabetes.
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The studies both employed reviews undertaken based on randomized control studies which
offer a high level of evidence. The study by Chen et al (2015) used recent findings up to the year
2013 while the other study by Chudyk & Petrella (2011) reviewed studies till 2009 from 1970.
Limitation often encountered using systematic reviews entail the difficulty of combining findings
from different studies and varied length of stay in the intervention studies can limit the overall
generalizability of the results.
Results of Study
Chudyk & Petrella (2011) retrieved 645 articles and 35 met the set inclusion criteria.
Aerobic exercise or combination with resistance training improved significantly the overall
HbA1c −0.6 and −0.67% respectively, the systolic pressure −6.08 and −3.59 mmHg,
respectively (95% CI −10.79 to −1.36 and −6.93 to −0.24, respectively. waist circumference was
improved from -3.1 cm to -1.2 in a combined state of aerobic and resistance exercise.
Combination of these two aspects was significant in improving markers of cardiovascular
development.
The study by Chen et al (2011) found out a total of 16 studies which met the inclusion
criteria. There was a mean difference from baseline favoring the intervention group compared to
control; group in BMI assessment (−0.29; 95% CI, −0.52 to −0.06, P = 0.014). The HbA1c
changed from baseline. Further, there was an improvement in systolic and diastolic blood
pressure. There was no difference between the high-density lipoproteins and low-density
lipoproteins in both intervention and control groups.
Thus based on Chen et al (2011), exercise intervention is paramount for the reduction of
BMI, hemoglobin levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure among the patients in the
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intervention group. In the study Chudyk & Petrella (2011), combining various approaches is key
in reducing the effect of cardiovascular markers in type II diabetes state.
Outcomes Comparison
The key underlying outcome of my PICOT question sought to find out the role of exercise
in the management of type II diabetes. The outcomes observed in the two studies outlined above
indicate that aerobic exercise alone or in use with combined resistance training is relevant for the
improvement of glycemic control, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and waists
circumference. Further, lifestyle intervention approaches have a significant effect on causation
and being a risks factor on the development of cardiovascular diseases in type II diabetes. These
outcomes are relevant to my PICOT assessment in assessing the role of exercise in managing
adverse risks linked to type Ii diabetes. The overall outcome of my PICOT is seeking the
identification of exercise on the management of type II diabetes.
Conclusion
The role of exercise intervention is crucial in the management of type II diabetes. The
occurrence of type II diabetes arises from the inability of the body to produce sufficient insulin;
hence exercise will play a vital role in stimulating the body to act on the insulin response
therefore managing type Ii diabetes (Herbst et al., 2015 ). This review has shown that exercise
improves the overall functionality of factors accelerating dysfunctional insulin states such as the
glycemic control, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference based on weight
state. In essence improving lifestyle management is key for the prevention of further
complication such as cardiovascular disease in type Ii diabetes state. Hence lifestyle intervention
coupled with exercise intervention is vital in the management of type II diabetes.
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References
Chen, L., Pei, J.H., Kuang, J., Chen, H.M., Chen, Z., Li, Z.W. and Yang, H.Z. (2015). Effect of
lifestyle intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Metabolism, 64(2),
338-347. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026049514003126
Chudyk, A. & Petrella, R.J. (2011). Effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2
diabetes: a meta-analysis, Diabetes Care, 34 (5), 1228-37. Retrieved from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525503.
Herbst, A., Kapellen, T., Schober, E., Graf, C., Meissner, T., Holl, R. W., & DPV‐Science‐
Initiative. (2015). Impact of regular physical activity on blood glucose control and
cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus–a multicenter study of
578 patients from 225 centers. Pediatric diabetes, 16(3), 204-210. Retrieved from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24888254
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