1 Running Head: STUDY PROSPECTUS Study Prospectus Body Mass Index and Methamphetamine Use by Sexual Orientation among Chicago Youth
2 STUDY PROSPECTUS Prospectus Body Mass Index and Methamphetamine Use and correlation with sexual Orientation among Chicago Youth Problem Statement Two of the most challenging health problems in America today are obesity and substance use in young people (Barry and Petry, 2009). Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2, has a prevalence rate 33% of men and 35% of women among American Adults in 2005-2006 (Ogden, 2007). Obesity will cost U.S. health care $344 billion a year. Methamphetamine is classified as an illicit substance and it is highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that can be injected, snorted, smoked, or ingested orally. The use of methamphetamines is increasing among college students. Approximately 85- 90 percent of stimulant-related drug deaths involve methamphetamine, and 5,716 people died as a result of stimulant overdose in 2015 (U.S. Department of Justice, 2017). Chicago has a higher obesity and methamphetamine use rate as compared to other major cities in USA (YRBS, 2018). The obesity rate is 18.2 % in Chicago, 13.5% in New York, and 16.4% in LA which are higher than national obesity rate 14.8% in 2017 (CDC. 2018). The methamphetamine use rate is 4.7% in Chicago which is higher than 2.7% in Los Angles 3.5% in San Francisco, 4.2% in Miami-Dade County, and almost double than the national methamphetamine use rate of 2.5 % in 2017 (CDC. 2018). Both obesity and drug addiction have been linked to a dysfunction in the brain’s reward system. The study found that a higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with lower illicit drug use in a sample of young adult males (Blüml, et al. 2011). There is a correlation between the drug and obesity, the drug is used to reduce body weight as well as depression. What is less
3 STUDY PROSPECTUS understood is whether there are additional factors that impact the relationship between BMI and methamphetamine use. Research indicates that there is a close relationship between sexual orientation and BMI. Smith and colleagues (2010) found that sexual minority females have higher body mass index (BMI) and sexual minority males have lower BMI than their same-gender heterosexual counterparts. There is also a known connection between sexual orientation and methamphetamine use. Results of a meta-analysis conducted by Marshal et al. (2008) showed that lesbian, gay and bisexual youth reported significantly higher rates of substance abuse, including methamphetamine use, as opposed to their heterosexual counterparts. There is a relationship between methamphetamine use and sexual encounters. During three month evaluation period the drug was used during sex. When the drug is used rarely during sex by six people it gives a total of 12% but when used always it gives 61%. This clearly shows there is correlation between the drug and sex. Methamphetamine is highly linked with the tendency of unprotected sex and behavior which are violent. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study will be to determine whether sexual orientation influences relationship between BMI and methamphetamine use in a population with higher rates of obesity and methamphetamine use rates. The proposed study will use data from the Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System (YRBS) in Chicago to examine the association between BMI and methamphetamine use by sexual orientation. Significance The study will be helpful in addressing the research gap regarding the complex association between BMI and methamphetamine use, and generate knowledge that can be used to
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