Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Running head: SEPSIS MANAGEMENT
SEPSIS MANAGEMENT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Sepsis
Sepsis, the most commonly recorded cause for admission to the Intensive Care Unit
(ICU), has been raised over the last few years, and its short-term mortality has been decreased at
the same time. Less often, septic patients are released from the hospital and often have long-term
effects including immune dysfunction, secondary infections, late mortality, unplanned
admissions and reduced quality of life. Early septic identification and treatment have been
daunting for emergency and health care providers and nurses (Genga & Russell, 2017). While
hospital readmissions after sepsis are normal, there is still need for clarification regarding
associated risk factors and how to treat patients who have endured a brief episode of sepsis.
Septic disorder is dynamic and chronic, it influences inflammatory and anti-inflammatory
processes and may be related to long-term septic condition outcomes (Genga & Russell, 2017).
Sepsis is a health condition that explains the body's immune reaction to an invasive
treatment that will trigger the stage of organ failure and death. While major advances are made in
the understanding of pathophysiology, creation of hemodynamic testing techniques and recovery
measures for this surgical disorder, sepsis is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in
patients who are critically ill. But it is difficult to determine the worldwide epidemiological
burden of sepsis (Cohen et al., 2015). More than 30 million people globally are projected to be
infected by sepsis per year with theoretically mortality of 6 million every year. The death rates
from sepsis in Europe were about 41 percent compared with around 28.3 percent in the United
States, according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2012 results (Gyawali, Ramakrishna &
Dhamoon, 2019).However, when adjusted for disease frequency, this disparity disappeared. This
means that septic mortality often relies on patient properties. eA multicentre, 101,064 vital
patients were reported as having a septic mortality rate decreased from about 35% in 2000 to

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around 20% in 2012 over time in New-Zealand and Australia (Kaukonen et al., 2014). In existing
ICUs, sepsis is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. While epidemiological details on
sepsis among the ICU patients have been published in many developing world studies, work into
global septic prevalence is scarce globally. Nevertheless, these results are critical for (1) raising
awareness on the global effect of sepsis, (2) emphasizing the need for ongoing research into
alternative prevention and therapeutic approaches, and (3) helping direct the allocation of
resources. Details on sepsis patterns worldwide, including causative microorganisms, primary
infection origins and their related outcomes are also of interest (Sakr et al., 2018).
Sepsis and septic shock and following multi-organ failure are the main causes of
mortality in adults currently in the ICUs (Caraballo & Jaimes, 2019). Epidemiological studies
have demonstrated an increasing frequency of sepsis over the last twenty years, while surgical
and pharmacological approaches are continuously evolving in sepsis care. The increasing
incidence of sepsis in recent decades and its significant economic implications has contributed to
many projects aiming to help recognize and explain the disease's course (Coopersmith et al.,
2018).
Discussion
Case study
A 52-year-old man was taken to the emergency department after an accident involving a
motor vehicle. He suffered major abdomen wounds and was unconscious and hypotensive when
he came to the emergency department. He obtained O2 by 35 percent through the oxygen mask.
His breathing rate was 28 breaths per minute and bilateral lung tones were clear. He had a heart
rate of 150 beats per minute with a sinus tachycardia. His BP was 80/45 mm Hg. The patient had

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a history of cigarette smoking for 40 years and had taken medication for controlling
hypertension.1 year ago; the patient was suffering from pneumonia. Upon conducting a CT scan
that showed bleeding in a peritoneum, the patient was transported via stretcher for the surgical
procedure. He was then admitted to the ICU following surgery. Three liters of lactate of Ringer
was surgically infused. The blood loss was reported to be 2500 cc, and 6 units of whole blood
were obtained in surgery. The patient remained hypotensive for much of the treatment following
fluid resuscitation. A pulmonary artery catheter has been inserted during procedure to test fluid
balance. Upon arrival in the operational ICU a range of data was collected. After treatment, the
patient had become hemodynamically stable. He slowly gained his senses and could exhilarate
himself with a 40% O2 mask. However, the level of consciousness of the patient began to
deteriorate three days after the surgery. His skin was warm to touch and flushed, with 4 +
bounding pulses.
The 5th day after surgery, the BP fell to 84/58 mm Hg, with 32 breaths per minute, a
heart rate of 130 beats per minute, and a 97 ° F temperature. His health began to deteriorate,
following 3000 cc fluid resuscitation. He was re-intubated and the respirator was attached.The
skin of the patient was cold and cyanotic on the day after surgery 7 and the extremities were
labeled for mottling.
Patients with sepsis, which induces or complicates hospital admission, need expensive
and time-consuming care, especially when organ dysfunction is involved. The mortality of an
underlying sepsis remains high despite the availability of extensive medical attention.