Design and Application of Electrical Equipment
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Added on 2021-05-30
Design and Application of Electrical Equipment
Added on 2021-05-30
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1DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR USE INFLAMMABLE ATMOSPHEREBy NameCourseInstructorInstitutionLocationDate
2Table of Contents1.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................22.0 Literature review..................................................................................................................32.1 Electric Equipment systems which are intended to be used in Flammable atmospheres....32.2 Hazardous area classification for flammable atmospheres..................................................42.3 Zoning..................................................................................................................................52.4 Selection of equipment.........................................................................................................62.5 Ignition sources....................................................................................................................72.7 Controlling of ignition sources.............................................................................................93.0 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................114.0 References..........................................................................................................................12
31.0 IntroductionFlammable atmospheres are created when highly flammable mist, gases, dust or vapour are mixed with air and this generates a risk of explosion or fire. The amount of substance that is needed to create an explosion dependents on the substance in question. The areas which are faced with risks of explosions are referred to as potentially flammable atmosphere.Potentially flammable atmospheres can be found in all industries ranging from foods and pharmaceuticals, wood and power to chemical processing. They can also be referred to as hazardous locations or hazardous areas. The number of substances/products which are flammable when mixed with air is very large. This clearly indicates that there are various industries that can have a potentially flammable atmosphere somewhere in there process. Some of the industries are not so obvious to have potentially flammable atmosphere in their process[CITATION Her17 \p 34 \l 2057 ]. For instance, the saw mills by default are considered not to be a potential explosive atmosphere, but if the saw dust is allowed to accumulate in large amount the area where the saw mill is located becomes a potential hazardous area.Flammable atmospheres can be created by flammable fuels, cleaning solvents, paints, combustible dusts, naturally occurring reactions that may produce methane gas and hydrogen from battery charging or boiler cleaning. Many injuries and deaths have occurred due to the explosions and fires which are caused by flammable atmospheres.The design and specification of electrical equipment to be used in flammable atmospheres include selection of equipment, requirements of earthing, protection techniques, entity calculations of Ex i, motor protection of Ex e, requirements of cable rating, power calculations of maximum dissipate and general principles for designing. The hazardous agents have the ability to cause harm towards weak targets, which in most cases are used as substitutable in nature. Moreover, in case of the risk assessment, this act is
4distinctly in nature. On other hand, electronic equipment involves controlled conduction regarding electrons. This research paper is about specification and design of electrical equipment which are to be used in flammable areas[CITATION Edu16 \p 56 \l 2057 ].2.0 Literature review2.1 Electric Equipment systems which are intended to be used in Flammable atmospheres.The objective of Directive 94/4/EC is to permit the free trade of ‘ATEX’ equipment and the protective systems within the European Union through removing documentation for each member and need for separate testing.Suppliers and manufacturers of the electrical equipment must ensure that all the essential safety and health requirements are met by their products and the products must undergo the appropriate conformity procedures. The procedures usually involve certification and testing by a third part which is referred to as a notified Body[CITATION Sta16 \p 114 \l 2057 ].The suppliers and the manufacturers can certify their products which are intended to be used in less hazardous flammable atmospheres. Once the electrical equipment has been certified, itis marked with ‘EX’ symbol to illustrate that it has been certified.The purpose of certification is to ensure that the electrical equipment meets all the safety and health requirements regarding to it. The certificate also ensures that sufficient information is supplied together with the equipment to enable the users to use it correctly and safely[CITATION Jua16 \p 157 \l 2057 ].What is ATEX?ATEX refers to a term which is commonly given to the two European Directives for the purpose of controlling flammable atmospheres.
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