Descriptive Statistics Mean Std Assignment

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Dissertation Chapter -
Results

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A total of 80 patients with chronic low back pain CLBP were screened for eligibility. 28
patients did not meet the study criteria and were excluded. 42 participants took part in the study. 10 of
them did not complete the treatment session, therefore, a total of 42 participants completed the study
treatments. 20 of them were allocated in the experimental group while 22 were from the control group
(Figure 1).
.
Figure 1: Flow chart describing the patient recruitment process.
Control group: 22 subjects Experimental group: 20
subjects
42 subjects completed the
study
10 subjects did not complete
the study
42 subjects enrolled based
study criteria
28 subjects excluded
because they did not meet
the study criteria
Total number of recruited participants = 80

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SPSS solution to calculate p-value:
For this purpose, two of the crucial group such as experimental and control group are taken
into account. The subjects will be consisting of male and female single or married patients that to visit
king Fahad specialist hospital.
Solution:
Null Hypothesis:
H0: μ1 = μ2
H0: There is no any significance difference confidentiality among experimental and control group.
Alternative hypothesis:
H1: μ1 ≠ μ2
H1: There is a significant difference between confidentiality among experimental and control group.
Level of significance:
α=0.05
Decision rules:
In order to calculate p-value, it is essential to analyse the value which is less than the level of
significant researcher can reject the null hypothesis, otherwise accept hypothesis.
Test statistic:
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Study groups 42 1.52 .505 .078
Patient Gender 42 1.55 .504 .078
Patient Age 42 41.98 9.462 1.460
Patient Weight 42 85.540 18.7099 2.8870
Body Mass Index 42 31.5357 6.28288 .96947
Marital Status 42 1.90 .370 .057
Employment Status 42 1.21 .415 .064
Baseline Reading Data entry 42 26.01.2018 27 07:48:28.474 4 05:11:36.086
The value of the test statistic of the group (male and female) is 0.566, whereas body mass
index is 0.844, Marital status is 0.938, employment status of the groups is 0.601, Baseline reading data
entry is recorded outcome as 0.737.
P-value: There is a significance difference in the age group between male and female that are
belongs to experimental and control group. The value is 0.579.
The effect of PEMF on intensity of LBP: This particular research is based on pulsed
electromagnetic field (PEMF) that make impacts on the various condition of low back pain (LBP) was
analyses properly because of lacking in the studies in this particular areas. The main objective is to

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determine the overall effects of pulsed electromagnetic areas therapy with 50Hz frequency with
minimum intensity of 20 Gauss as associate to certain conservative non-invasive valuation of
modalities in patients with chronic non-specific LBP. The study was conducted among 2017 from the
mentioned group with the sample size of total 52 respondents with non-specific low back pain
associated with experimental and control group.
Intervention: The overall experimental group tend to received therapy and sham
electromagnetic areas. Both the group retained 12 sessions of 4 weeks’ duration. In order to measure
the valuable outcome was intensity of pain while the external results tend to measure were disability
and lumbar range of motion. It has been analyses that there is no as such impacts occurred during the
overall research.
Results analysis: The 42 participants with non-specific low back pain taken from (control
group = 22 and experimental group= 20) were more randomized. The impacts are mentioned below:
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Patient Gender 1.55 .504 42
Patient Age 41.98 9.462 42
Study groups 1.52 .505 42
Baseline Reading Data entry 26.01.2018 27 07:48:28.474 42
Correlations
Patient Gender Patient Age Study groups Baseline
Reading Data
entry
Patient Gender
Pearson Correlation 1 .167 .091 .090
Sig. (2-tailed) .292 .566 .573
N 42 42 42 42
Patient Age
Pearson Correlation .167 1 .018 -.007
Sig. (2-tailed) .292 .910 .967
N 42 42 42 42
Study groups
Pearson Correlation .091 .018 1 -.053
Sig. (2-tailed) .566 .910 .737
N 42 42 42 42
Baseline Reading Data
entry
Pearson Correlation .090 -.007 -.053 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .573 .967 .737
N 42 42 42 42
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate

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1 .405a .164 .098 2.072
a. Predictors: (Constant), Patient Gender, Study groups, Patient Age
b. Dependent Variable: Pain Rating Scale BASIK
(Figure 2).
From the above charts and calculation of correlation and significant among the total number of
participants within the given groups is shown effectively. By the help of PEMF therapy protocol yields
properly can control clinical improvement in pain and overall non-specific low back pain then
conventional physical therapy. Back pain and other common causes involving tremendous costs and
extensive medical effort. From the total number of participants which is 52, the mean value is
calculated as 9.7 and standard deviation is of 0.963. Experimental group is having 0.834 of breathing
issues as compare to the control group.
Table 1: The comparison of the pain rating score between the experimental and control group at
different durations
Statistics
Study groups Baseline
Reading Data
entry
Week 3
Reading Data
entry
Week 6
Reading Data
entry
Week 9
Reading Data
entry
Week 13
Reading Data
entry
N Valid 42 42 40 36 35 34
Missing 0 0 2 6 7 8
Mean 1.52 26.01.2018 08.02.2018 24.02.2018 11.03.2018 04.04.2018

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Std. Deviation .505 27
07:48:28.474
27
17:08:57.920
28
05:59:36.030
28
18:59:26.609
27
17:38:01.354
Study groups
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Experimental 20 47.6 47.6 47.6
Control 22 52.4 52.4 100.0
Total 42 100.0 100.0

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1. The effect of PEMF on Self-rated physical disability:

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Figure 3: The RMDQ-24 score for the experimental and control group. In Figure above,
RMDQT3 refers to the cumulative Roland-Morris Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire score at
week 3, RMDQT6 refers to the cumulative Roland-Morris Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire
score at week 6, RMDQT9 refers to the cumulative Roland-Morris Low Back Pain Disability
Questionnaire score at week 9, while RMDQT13 refers to the cumulative Roland-Morris Low Back
Pain Disability Questionnaire score at week 13.

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Table 4: The comparison of the RMDQ-24 score between the experimental and control group at
different durations
Group Statistics
Study groups N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Baseline Reading Data entry Experimental 20 27.01.2018 26 12:27:09.609 5 22:18:54.516
Control 22 24.01.2018 28 14:08:55.764 6 02:17:14.714
Week 3 Reading Data entry Experimental 19 09.02.2018 26 18:59:06.517 6 03:30:39.271
Control 21 08.02.2018 29 04:18:49.412 6 08:49:15.541
I stay in bed most of the time
because of my back
Experimental 19 .11 .315 .072
Control 21 .19 .402 .088
Week 6 Reading Data entry Experimental 16 23.02.2018 26 18:04:29.143 6 16:31:07.286
Control 20 25.02.2018 30 01:03:21.843 6 17:13:58.938
I stay in bed most of the time
because of my back
Experimental 16 .00 .000 .000
Control 20 .20 .410 .092
Week 9 Reading Data entry Experimental 16 13.03.2018 26 04:54:06.841 6 13:13:31.710
Control 19 10.03.2018 31 10:51:32.640 7 05:10:35.568
I stay in bed most of the time
because of my back
Experimental 16 1.94 .250 .063
Control 19 1.79 .419 .096
Week 13 Reading Data
entry
Experimental 15 06.04.2018 26 01:52:26.791 6 17:36:00.000
Control 19 03.04.2018 29 13:38:07.224 6 18:48:05.444
I stay in bed most of the time
because of my back
Experimental 15 .00 .000 .000
Control 19 .16 .375 .086
2. The effect of PEMF on Sleep Quality:

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Most of the group are happy to be relax or some of the are getting pain in the back. As from the
chart, it can be easily being understand the impacts on male and female.
3. The effect of PEMF on Severity of pain and its influence on functioning:

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Table 5: The comparison of the various scores between the experimental and control group at
different durations
Group Statistics
Study
groups
N Mean Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
Week 3 Reading Data
entry
Experimenta
l 21 09.02.2018 30
19:28:32.320
6
17:22:00.534
Control 19 07.02.2018 28
21:26:32.520
6
15:05:11.722
During Past month how
would you rate your
sleep quality overall?
Experimenta
l 21 1.90 .301 .066
Control 19 2.32 .946 .217
Compared to when this
episode first started,
how would you
describe your back
these days
Experimenta
l 21 -.24 2.278 .497
Control 19 -.16 1.893 .434
General Activity
Experimenta
l 21 3.86 2.496 .545
Control 19 5.00 2.769 .635
What treatments or
medications are you
receiving for your Pain
Experimenta
l 21 1.90 .301 .066
Control 19 1.84 .375 .086
I felt that life was
meaningless
Experimenta
l
21 .24 .539 .118

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Control 19 .11 .459 .105
Week 6 Reading Data
entry
Experimenta
l 18 21.02.2018 28
11:04:31.435
6
17:00:08.696
Control 18 23.02.2018 30
06:55:20.205
7
03:20:14.008
During Past month how
would you rate your
sleep quality overall?
Experimenta
l 18 1.94 .639 .151
Control 18 2.17 1.043 .246
Compared to when this
episode first started,
how would you
describe your back
these days
Experimenta
l 18 1.28 2.421 .571
Control 18 1.33 2.086 .492
What treatments or
medications are you
receiving for your Pain
Experimenta
l 18 1.89 .323 .076
Control 18 1.89 .323 .076
General Activity
Experimenta
l 18 2.72 2.653 .625
Control 18 3.78 2.579 .608
I felt that life was
meaningless
Experimenta
l 18 .11 .323 .076
Control 18 .28 .752 .177
Week 9 Reading Data
entry
Experimenta
l 18 12.03.2018 28
22:00:14.036
6
19:34:41.836
Control 17 08.03.2018 31
12:34:16.366
7
15:29:43.699
During Past month how
would you rate your
sleep quality overall?
Experimenta
l 18 1.83 .707 .167
Control 17 2.24 .970 .235
Compared to when this
episode first started,
how would you
describe your back
these days
Experimenta
l 18 1.67 2.701 .637
Control 17 .12 2.870 .696
What treatments or
medications are you
receiving for your Pain
Experimenta
l 18 1.83 .383 .090
Control 17 1.94 .243 .059
General Activity
Experimenta
l 18 3.39 2.725 .642
Control 17 4.35 3.181 .771
I felt that life was
meaningless
Experimenta
l 18 .06 .236 .056
Control 17 .18 .728 .176

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Week 13 Reading
Data entry
Experimenta
l 17 01.04.2018 29
22:08:08.959
7
06:10:24.674
Control 17 31.03.2018 29
18:34:25.211
7
05:18:34.458
During Past month how
would you rate your
sleep quality overall?
Experimenta
l 17 1.71 .588 .143
Control 17 2.00 .707 .171
Compared to when this
episode first started,
how would you
describe your back
these days
Experimenta
l 17 2.18 1.811 .439
Control 17 1.24 2.437 .591
What treatments or
medications are you
receiving for your Pain
Experimenta
l 17 1.76 .437 .106
Control 17 1.88 .332 .081
General Activity
Experimenta
l 17 1.88 1.799 .436
Control 17 2.94 2.861 .694
I felt that life was
meaningless
Experimenta
l 17 .06 .243 .059
Control 17 .29 .772 .187