Diagnosis and Management of Obesity

Obesity Guideline
Introduction
Obesity is considered to be one of the medical condition in which the huge amount of fat
tends to get accumulated in the body that it tends to have a negative impact on the health.
However, it is to be noted that the individuals are claimed to be suffering from obesity when the
body mass index which is a measurement that is acquired by dividing the weight of a person by
the square of the person’s height is more than 30kg/m2 within the range of the 25 to 30 kg/m2
(Dobbs & Manyika, 2015). However, the values tends to differ in the countries of the south east
countries of the Asia. It is to be noted that the obesity tends to increase the other disease and
conditions like that of the cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, osteoarthritis and
depression. however, it is to be noted that obesity is mainly caused by the intake of huge amount
of food, through the limited number of physical activity done by individuals and even through
the genetic susceptibility. On the other hand, there are cases in which the it is caused by the
genes, endocrine disorders , mental disorders or through medications (Sahoo et al, 2015). The
perspective that the obese patients tends to eat very little and yet gains huge weight due to the
slow rate of metabolism is something which is not supported medically. However, it is to be
noted that obesity is a cause of the death that tends to happen across the world. the rates are more
in that of the adults and that of the children. various studies that have been conducted indicates
the fact that obesity is very much common among the women in comparison to that of the me
(Hruby & Hu, 2015). Various authorities are of the claim that it is one of the serious public
health problem of the 21st century. However, it is considered to be one of the disease which is
very much marked with stigma (Wadden, & Bray, 2018).

1
Obesity remains a metabolic illness (ICD-10 code E66) which has hit epidemic levels.
The WHO has since declared it as the biggest worldwide chronic health concern amongst adults
that is growingly converting into an increasingly severe problem as compared to malnutrition. It
remains an ill-health gateway. Obesity has since turned out to be among the foremost causes of
death and disabilities, which affects both children and adults alongside adolescents globally. In
the year 2014, over 1.90 Billion adults (18+ years) remained overweight. Amongst them, more
than 600 Million stood obese while in 2013, 42 Million were children below 15 years who were
either obese or overweight. The global health figures report by released by WHO in the year
2015 showed that in the region of Europe only, the general rate of obesity amongst adults
remained 21.50% in men and 24.5% in women (as shown in figure 1 below).
Figure 1: Prevalence of Obesity in Europe Adults (Source: WHO 2014 data)

2
The very report highlighted that the overweight prevalence amongst the kids below five
years remained 12.40% and it has additionally projected that sixty percent of the global
population, 3.30 Billion individuals, might be overweight (2.2 Billion) or obese (1.1
Billion) by the year 2030 in case the latest trends continue. There are significant
consequences of obesity including disability, morbidity, quality of life, as well as
comprises a greater risks of development of cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes,
osteoarthritis, and many communal types of cancer alongside additional health concerns.

3
In the year 2010, obesity and overweight stood estimated to trigger 3.4 Million deaths,
4.0% of years of life lost alongside 4.0% of disabilities-adjusted life years (DALYs).
Purpose and scope
The main purpose of the assignment is to understand the importance of the obesity as a disease.
It also helps to understand the different strategies that can be implemented in order to limit the
disease and keep the disease under the control.
The scope of the obesity is that it can be caused by both internal and external factors. It is
very important to know the internal factors which are the leading cause of the disease like the
genes, influences of the early life, poor diets, lack of physical activity and sleep (Bray, 2016).
On the other hand, the external factors like that of the fat foods, consumption of the fast food.
However, the behavior is considered to be one of the factor that tends to have a great impact on
the weight gain.
Pathophysiology of obesity- the pathogenesis of the obesity tends to include two processes
which are related and yet distinct from one another which are the sustained positive energy
balance and the resetting of the body weight or the point which is set at an enhanced value
(Volkow, 2013). The former process tends to explain how the loss of the weight through the
change of the diet or the lifestyle tends to be reacquired over the time, it is however considered
to be one of the major hindrance to the effective treatment of the obesity.
Classification of overweight and obesity-
body mass index is considered to be a simple catalogue of weight for height that is being
generally utilized in order to divide the obesity and over weight in the adults. It can however be
defined as the weight of the person in kilograms which is divided by the square of the height of