19. 19 PROFESSIONAL PROJECT. : PROFESSIONAL PROJECT. Pr

Literature review on lean and six sigma implemented in singapore

Running head: PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Professional Project
Name of Student
Name of University
Author Note

1PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Table of Contents
Part 1....................................................................................................................................2
1.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................2
1.2. Reason for choosing the topic...................................................................................3
1.3. Academic objectives of project................................................................................3
1.4. Outline of sections....................................................................................................4
Part 2: Literature Review.....................................................................................................6
2.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................6
2.2. Lean Six Sigma.........................................................................................................7
2.3. Benefits of Lean Six Sigma....................................................................................10
2.4. Role of LSS in Performance improvement in logistics and supply chain..............12
2.5. Lean Six Sigma in Singapore.................................................................................14
Part 3..................................................................................................................................16
3.1. Summary and conclusion........................................................................................16
3.2. Review the objectives.............................................................................................17
3.3 Limitations...............................................................................................................19
3.4. Suggest for future research.....................................................................................19
References..........................................................................................................................20

2PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Part 1
1.1. Introduction
Lean six sigma (LSS) is generally indicated as a technique that is dependent on
collaborative team effort of a system’s performance improvement. LSS improves the
performance of a system, generally by removing the wastes and by reducing the variations of the
system. LSS is mainly described as a union of Six Sigma and manufacturing in lean, which
significantly aims in removal of eight types of wastes (Jayaram, 2016). Since LSS is related to
manufacturing, this particular performance improvement model has large impact on the logistics
and the supply chain industry. The report’s scope is to assess the process of reviewing lean and
six Sigma that is implemented in Singapore. In order to do so, a detailed literature review is
undertaken. The undertaken literature review, will mainly be focused on the logistics and the
supply chain industry.
LSS has a number of applications in logistics and Supply chain. This is particularly
because LSS has the capability of improving the production process in a number of ways (Garza-
Reyes, 2015). There are different applications in LSS, as it is mainly dedicated to elimination of
the defects and reduction in the variances in delivery of a particular project.
LSS has been implemented in Singapore with an aims of elimination of the waste and in
reduction of variations in supply chain. Implementation of LSS, is known for decreasing the time
for fulfilling an order, building of a responsive supply chain and also in reduction of the errors to
Zero (Mishra & Kumar Sharma, 2014). An increase in the efficiency of supply chain and
logistics is improved by lean six Sigma, as this particular performance improvement model helps
in reduction of the wastes. The undertaken literature review will therefore focus on elimination

3PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
of the issues related to over production, transportation and processes of non-value (Bhamu &
Singh Sangwan, 2014). It is observed that LSS helps the companies in improving the
performance linked to supply chain. The focus of the literature review will mainly be adoption of
LSS in Singapore.
1.2. Reason for choosing the topic
This particular topic is chosen for research as it aims in getting an idea of the LSS in
logistics and supply chain industry. With an aim of keeping the research aims constricted, the
main focus of the study is given on implementation of LSS in the supply chain industry. This is
an efficient topic of research LSS is being implemented as a process of performance
improvement and it further focuses on eradication of various issues resulting in improvement of
the performances.
The topic is mainly focused on implementation of LSS in Singapore. It is a two stages
approach linked with the process of continual improvement and it further strives in improvement
of the efficiency in an organization. The implementation of LSS generally maximizes customers’
value by generally minimizing the areas of waste. Therefore, the choice of evaluation of this
particular topic for the research is justified. LSS is being implemented in logistic and supply
chain as it aims in enhancing the satisfaction of the customers by reducing waste in the process
of project execution.
Researches prove that LSS is a two stages approach that generally drives the continual
improvement process in an organization. It is observed that the implementation of LSS helps in
improving the efficiency of the organization by 99% (Wisner, Tan & Leong, 2014). Thus, it can

4PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
be said that the choice of evaluation of the topic related to LSS is justified. Furthermore, lean Six
Sigma can be applied for continual business improvement along with personal development.
1.3. Academic objectives of project
The research has been undertaken with an aim of fulfilling certain specific objectives.
The academic objectives of the study are indicated as follows-
 To understand the concept of LSS
 To identify the benefits offered by LSS
 To understand the role of LSS in performance improvement in supply chain and
in logistics
 To analyze the adoption of LSS in Singapore
The above identified objectives forms the base of the research. The academic research is
undertaken to evaluate all the above set objectives. The reviewing of the literature that is being
undertaken, is based on the above set objectives. The reviewing of the literature will aim in
fulfilling the identified objectives so that it contributes to the final research that will be
conducted in this topic.
1.4. Outline of sections
The undertaken report is grouped into three major sections. Each sections are further
subdivided into a number of subsections for better analysis of the aims and the research
objectives. The brief description of each of the sections that are considered for development of
the report are discussed in the paragraphs below-

5PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Introduction: This particular section of the report introduces the topic of the research. It
gives an idea of the chosen topic along with the process of implementation of the project. The
topic that is chosen for this particular research is use and implementation of LSS in logistics and
supply chain, based on Singapore. The introduction section gives a description of the topic of the
research and also gives an outline of the concept of LSS.
Reason for choosing the Topic: This section of the report justifies the choice of the topic
and explains the need of researching about the topic. The particular topic that is being chosen
aims in refining the performance of logistics and supply chain and therefore, the choice of this
topic is justified. The section further gives a brief idea of the concept of LSS and the reason
behind its adoption. It justifies the need of researching on this particular topic.
Academic Objectives of the Project: This is an important chapter of this research report
as it identifies the objectives behind undertaking this particular research topic. The section
identifies certain specific objectives of the study, which forms the base of the project. The
academic objectives provides a structure to the literature review that is undertaken in a particular
research.
Literature Review: This is one of the most important sections of the research. The
literature review section evaluates the literature published in the field of LSS. Therefore, it can
be said that in this section of the report aims in collection of the secondary data that can further
help in completion of the main research. The views of the authors and their works in field of LSS
and supply chain is evaluated in the literature review section. Therefore, this particular section is
one of the most important part of the report.

6PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Summary and Conclusion: The summary and the conclusion chapter of the research
mainly summarizes the findings of the literature review section, which is related to the research
objectives. This particular section is crucial to understand whether the research has able to fulfill
the objectives identified. The main findings from the reviewing of the literature is summarized in
this section.
Review the Objectives: This section of the report reviews the set objectives of the project
to ascertain if the objectives are fulfilled. This section is important as it analyses the fulfillment
of the set objectives. The objectives set for the research are expected to be fulfilled by the
findings of the literature review section.
Limitations: This section of the report identifies the main limitation of the topic. The
research limitation is identified on basis of the findings from the literature review section. It is an
important chapter as it mainly affects the results obtained from the research study.
Suggestion for Future Research: The concluding section of the topic provides
suggestion for research in future that can be undertaken in this topic. The suggestions for the
research are outlined in this particular section.
The above discussed points indicate the brief outlining of the major points of
consideration in the report.
Part 2: Literature Review
2.1. Introduction
The chapter corresponding to literature review has a scope in discussing the substantive
findings linked with the theoretical and methodological findings of a research. Literature review

7PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
is important as it provides a description, summary and critical evaluation of the works related to
the identified problem that needs investigation. The topic chosen for the research include
implementation of LSS in logistics and supply chain in industry of Singapore. The literature
review chapter is based on the evaluation of the identified objectives related to LSS (Chae, Olson
& Sheu, 2014). The literature review chapter involves a number of subsections that are linked
with the identified objectives. The findings of this section will help in collection of the
secondary data. The findings from this section will help in analyzing whether the undertaken
project is a success.
2.2. Lean Six Sigma
The performance improvement method of LSS mainly relies on collaborative effort of a
team. This method is useful in elimination of different types of wastes, which in turn help in
performance improvement. Lena is an approach that reduces or eliminates the different activities
that generally does not adds value to the process (Laureani & Antony, 2017). This particular
process mainly aims in emphasizing the removal of the wastes to ascertain high quality and
satisfaction of the customer. Thus, a six sigma model generally aims in reduction of defect
generation by optimizing the resources needed in the task. Lean is based on five principles,
which are indicated in the figure below-

8PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Figure 1: Representing five Principles of Lean
(Source: Sunder, 2016)
Defining the value needed by the customers is the very first step towards implementation
of lean in an organization. In the very first step, the needs and the customers’ expectations are to
be identified so that appropriate performance improvement model can be enforced (Yadav &
Desai, 2016). This step is important as the customers generally helps in defining the value of a
services or a product.
In the next step, the value stream related to the performance improvement process is
mapped, which shows the steps and workflow process for a particular service (Knapp, 2015).
This step is important for reducing the delays in a project and further enables in refining the
quality of the developed service or product.
The next step of implementation of lean in an organization is creation of the flow. The
flow is created by optimizing the process of maximization of process efficiency within an

9PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
organization. After creation of the flow, it is necessary for establishing the pull to seek
continuous improvement (Lande, Shrivastava & Seth, 2016). Consistent efforts are needed for
improving the existing business processes within the organization.
Lean Tools
There are certain lean tools that can be used for effective performance improvement. The
details of each of the lean tools are indicated as follows-
1. Value Stream Mapping: Value Stream mapping indicates better identification of the
process wastes, which also helps in contribution of the wastes (Cherrafi et al. 2016).
2. Kaizen: Kaizen is another tools for continuous improvement that mainly focuses
bringing on minor improvements. This tool is effective as it manages to gather commitment from
the down level people of the organization, and also it is facilitated by the management as well as
the subordinates.
3. Just in Time: It is an approach that helps in meeting the demands of the customers.
The above identified tools help in effective implementation of lean project in an
organization.
LSS can therefore be described as a fact-based and philosophy, which is data driven and
is related to improvement of the values of an organization. LSS drives the satisfaction of the
customers by decreasing the unwanted variations in the finished goods.
Importance of Lean Six Sigma

10PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
The LSS is gaining importance in Singapore particularly because it has a number of
applications in the dynamic environment (Abu Bakar, Subari & Mohd Daril, 2015). Application
of LSS generally ascertains improvements in the project management approach in an exceptional
manner and also in the removal of wastes. LSS is generally considered to be a continuous
process where the complexity of the project is reduced (Furterer, 2016). The integrated
exceptional approach is used in sectors and industries across Singapore to promote effective
changes in the performance level of an organization. The LSS is therefore known for improving
the efficiency of the processes.
The efficiency in the process is improved mainly because it helps in increased employee
involvement along with reduction of the costs of implementation of new process within an
organization. LSS is further important for reduction of costs that benefits an organization
(Gutierrez-Gutierrez, De Leeuw & Dubbers, 2016). The reduction in the costs is mainly possible
because it helps in decrease of the defects and errors, thus reducing the requirement of rework.
The Lean six Sigma model is significantly used for decreasing he cost of execution of a project,
which in turn increases the customer value. This is related to the benefit of increased customer
satisfaction that is linked with the execution and correct implementation of a project (Gutierrez-
Gutierrez, De Leeuw & Dubbers, 2016). LSS mainly focuses on effective product improvements
along with the methods of product delivery. Increase in satisfaction of the customer results in
increase in the sales thus improving the business benefits of the organization.
Six Sigma is a methodology that is generally used for improving analyzing and
measuring the performance of an organization. It helps in improving the business processes by
using statistical analysis and highly discipline methodology (Abu Bakar, Subari & Mohd Daril,
2015). The LSS process is largely data driven and it ascertains elimination of the defects linked

11PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
with a type of business and organizational processes. The defect linked with six sigma helps in
minimizing the business manufacturing process that helps in highlighting the ability of achieving
a quantifiable financial returns.
2.3. Benefits of Lean Six Sigma
Drohomeretski et al. (2014), identifies the growing need of operations management
within the organization with an aim of continuous improvement. There are a certain effective
benefits of implementation of LSS. There are a number of benefits of making use of LSS
strategy (Gutierrez-Gutierrez, De Leeuw & Dubbers, 2016). The basic ones being the
improvement of the productivity along with customers’ satisfaction and cost reduction. The
benefits of LSS is achieved by the technique of process mapping. It can be defined by a process
of flowcharting, which in turn can help in documentation of the different business processes
(Abu Bakar, Subari & Mohd Daril, 2015). This type of documentation is related to a number of
aspects include business process and work performance. The most significant benefits of making
use of LSS is indicated as follows-
Time Management: Use of the six sigma in a business offers a benefit of managing the time in
an accurate manner (Zhang et al. 2016). Therefore, it is considered to be one of the basic
advantages of implementation of Lean.
Improved Customer Loyalty: The improvement in the loyalty of the customers is another
significant benefit that can be realized by undertaking of lean six sigma
Supply chain management: Albliwi et al (2014), identifies the importance of LSS in
management of supply chain. It seeks to refine the process and quality outputs by reducing the
defects and errors in the system. It further minimizes the variability that is observed in the

12PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
manufacturing and the business processes within an organization. LSS is known to refine the
process of production in a number of different ways as it focuses on eradication of the wastes.
The LSS in supply chain helps in effective defect elimination as the process variances is reduced.
Strategic Planning: Lean six Sigma mainly helps in effective strategic planning within the
organization. The strategic planning is related to the implementation of different performance
improvement models.
The above discussed points indicate the most significant benefits of using LSS within an
organization. LSS is known for elimination of the major defects by eradication of all types of
major wastes within an organization. The methodology of six sigma helps in maximization of
order fulfilment in supply chain by accurate identification of the major problems.
Albliwi, Antony and Lim, (2015), identify the benefits of implementation of lean in
logistics and supply chain. In Singapore, LSS is generally implemented for management and
improvement of the performance in logistics and Supply chain. The supply chain is often seemed
to be managed in an inefficient manner that increases the error rates within a particular
organization (Franchetti, 2015). Adoption of lean six sigma can reduce the inefficiency related to
higher error rates that are observed in supply chain management.
2.4. Role of LSS in Performance improvement in logistics and supply chain
As identified in the previous section, LSS is beneficial for improving the condition of
logistics and supply chain (Yadav & Desai, 2016). Supply chain have higher error rates mainly
as a result of the dynamic nature of the work that is linked with management of the supply chain.
Use of LSS in SCM is important for companies as otherwise, the company will not be able to
tackle the increasing demands.

13PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Tenera and Pinto (2014), identifies the improvement of performance by implementation
of lean six sigma. The six Sigma helps in refining the quality of process outputs by effective
identification and addressing the main cause of the defects within the entire supply chain
management process (Franchetti, 2015). LSS is known for reducing the process variance thereby
improving the supply chain management process (Kumar et al. 2016). There are a number of
ways in which LSS can help in enhancing the supply chain process, including enhancement in
fulfilment of orders, reduction of the cycle time of order fulfilment and increase in flexibility of
supply chain. The process by which LSS can improve the supply chain processes are in indicated
as follows-
Perfect Fulfilment of Order: Lean six Sigma is known for maximizing the process of
order fulfilment by identification of all the possible problems. Efficiency of order fulfilment is
measured on basis of identification of the possible problems related to planning processes and
inefficient execution systems (Franchetti, 2015). LSS method is mainly used in targeting the
areas of waste management so that the process of waste management is improved. Thus, LSS
helps in improving the process of logistics and supply chain by enforcing perfect order
fulfilment.
Reducing the order fulfillment cycle time: A lean six sigma mainly helps in reviewing
the order fulfillment system by reviewing the problems that are needed to be addressed. The six
sigma process helps in system integration and automated picking as well as shipping of the
orders, which in turn helps in improving the supply chain management system (Sreedharan &
Raju, 2016). Therefore, the implementation of six Sigma cycle has the capability of improving
the current processes running within the organization.

14PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Increase in flexibility of Supply chain: The performance related to supply chain
generally requires effective response to the changes demand and supply process. The flexibility
and the improvement is mainly brought about the removing the main reasons of defects and
errors, which are the main causes of variability in the manufacturing and the business processes
(Franchetti, 2015). Supply chain management is crucial for the survival of a company and
therefore it is necessary to understand the process of reducing the waste, which can in turn
contribute to increase in flexibility in supply chain.
Reduction of the Wastes: LSS is effective in reduction of the wastes as the activities do
not add to customers values. LSS targets the source of waste by addressing the following issues,
such as over production and non-value added processing along with transportation (Anderson &
Kovach, 2014). The issues of over production is often faced due to speculative forecasting. Lean
six Sigma mainly identifies the areas of waste reduction so that the issues with over production
can be addressed.
LSS mainly benefits the logistics and the supply chain management as it works for the
mixing of two popular methods, which include lean and six sigma. Lean and Six Sigma mainly
focus on improvement of the production and the process of transaction that linked with an
organization.
Lean Six Sigma further helps in establishment of the logistics services as well. LSS helps
in enforcing a effective decision making method of maximizing the value added content and for
minimizing the process as well as the quality characteristics (Cudney & Kestle, 2018). The high
error rates are considerably reduced by the implementation of LSS. One of the common issues
linked with logistics is shipment errors that are either reported by the customers or might be

15PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
realized by a company after delivering the goods. The implementation of LSS helps in effective
error rectification thus improving the logistics services.
2.5. Lean Six Sigma in Singapore
LSS has been adopted in the logistics and supply chain industry of Singapore. This can be
described as a two staged approach which is mainly known for enforcing continual improvement
in an organization (Cudney & Kestle, 2018). Lean is generally used for maximization of the
value of the customers by efficiently decreasing the production of the wastes. A number of
organizations in Singapore including the Singapore Productivity Association, is known for
adoption of six sigma in Singapore. A number of Six Sigma tools are used in the organization to
address the level and scale of complexity.
LSS can be described as a two staged approach that can be used for achieving continual
improvement in different organizations. The implementation of LSS in Singapore has enabled
certain organizations in Singapore to achieve an efficiency of 99% and higher. LSS is mainly
used for enhancing the satisfaction of the customers, by reducing the generation of wastes
(Gutierrez-Gutierrez, De Leeuw & Dubbers, 2016). The organizations in Singapore compete to
execute effective quality and speed that helps in delivery of superior customer experience.
Achievement of the LSS has helped in execution of the quality services in different organization
in Singapore. Individuals in Singapore can be trained effectively in achievement of Lean six
Sigma green belt certification, which can in turn be beneficial for an organization (Abu Bakar,
Subari & Mohd Daril, 2015). LSS has helped in growth of a number of organizations in
Singapore particularly because it helps in improvement of the skills and mindset in solving
problems and facilitation of the changes.

16PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
LSS tools and frameworks help in improving the complexities and the challenges that a
business organization can face. LSS helps in assuring the success of the project and further helps
in improving the projects that are linked with the functional area and the scope of the project.
This has significantly contributed to the adoption of Lean Six Sigma in an organization. The
concept of six Sigma was initiated in the year 1980 and since its inception, several
manufacturing and service organization in Singapore has adopted to the use of LSS in Singapore.
The application of LSS in Singapore has extended to services which include call centers, utilities
and public services (Gutierrez-Gutierrez, De Leeuw & Dubbers, 2016). One of the critical
success factors that are linked with the critical quality characteristic that a company needs to
achieve. The six Sigma shows a need for understanding a specific requirement of an
organization, which contributed to its adoption in different organization of Singapore.
The type of organizations that have implemented LSS in Singapore include organizations
that are related to public services, transport, education, consultancy, logistics, insurance and
utilities. In Singapore, these prominent sector have been largely benefited by the implementation
of LSS as it helped in reduction of the waste. Different organizations in Singapore has been
benefited from the application of Six Sigma (Gutierrez-Gutierrez, De Leeuw & Dubbers, 2016).
The different organizations in Singapore could realize significant benefits involving the
implementation of LSS. These benefits involve increase in satisfaction of the employee as well
as customer satisfaction.
The success of six Sigma is Singapore could be possible mainly because of the
application of LSS is carried out in an effective and systematic manner. The manufacturing
industry is largely benefited by the implementation of LSS in Singapore. The success of six
Sigma has been possible as in Singapore, it is implemented by a systematic methodology of

17PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
DMAIC, which is Define, measure, analyze, improve and control. The LSS tools are quite
common across the different stages of implementation in Singapore.
Part 3
3.1. Summary and conclusion
The report addresses the concept of LSS that is known to be an effective model for
performance improvement. LSS is implemented by the companies across the globe, to ascertain
that the supply chain performance is improved. An effective supply chain is known to provide a
sustainable competitive advantage so that the revenue can be improved.
The report discusses the concept of adoption of LSS along with the benefits that are
offered by making use of lean within the selected organization. The LSS framework are mainly
known for performance improvement by reducing the generation of wastes within the
organization. A two staged approach of lean six Sigma effectively maximizes the customers’
value by creation of enhanced customers’ satisfaction. Six Sigma is generally known for
focusing on the waste management process within an organization. Lean six Sigma is mainly
integrated with different operational initiatives within an organization to address the issues. The
introduction part of the report identifies the main objectives behind undertaking this particular
work.
The report has undertaken a review of the literature to know the factors that contribute to
performance improvement. An effective evolution to the quality management helps in effective
integration of the different operational initiatives within an organization, which is seen in
Singapore. A steady improvement in the logistics and the supply chain industry can be observed
with the implementation of LSS. The Literature review section of the report identifies the main

18PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
principle of LSS. It is identified that each of the principles of making use of lean within the
organization can help in effective performance improvement. An evaluation of each of the
principles of LSS ascertain that LSS is an effective process of performance improvements.
The introduction part identifies the reason behind choosing the particualr topic and
identifies the objectives of the report. The literature review section evaluates the previous works
in the field of implementation of LSS. The literature review section could effectively identify the
need of implementation of LSS in supply chain and logistics. The effective benefits of supply
chain and logistics are identified in form of the literature review.
3.2. Review the objectives
In the introduction part of the report, the objectives linked with the topic is identified.
The main objectives of the topic is identified and are fulfilled in the section that identifies the
review of literature in the report. Each of the identified objectives of the report are fulfilled in an
effective manner.
To understand the concept of LSS: The first objective that is being identified is fulfilled while
reviewing the literature. The extensive literature search from the previously published literature
has helped in identification and understanding of the concept of LSS. Thus, it can be said that the
first objective that is set has been fulfilled.
To identify the benefits offered by LSS: The advanatges offered by the LSS are identified from
the literature search. The literature review that is undertaken has helped in identification of the
benefits that are offered by the Lean six Sigma. LSS is mainly known for effective performance
improvement. Apart from that LSS has application in logistics and SCM as well.

19PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
To understand the role of LSS in performance improvement in logistics and supply chain: One
of the most significant benefits that is offered by lean six sigma include its improvement in
supply chain and logistics. The literature review section of the report has identified the role and
the benefit of implementation of LSS in improving the supply chain and the logistic operations.
Thus, it can be said that the literature review section has successfully identified the use of LSS in
improvement of the performance in logistics.
To analyze the adoption of LSS in Singapore: The last objective that is identified for the project
involves undertaking of the LSS in Singapore. LSS is adopted different organizations across the
globe. The literature review identifies the implementation of LSS in logistics and supply chain
industry of Singapore.
Thus, it can be commented that all the identified objectives of the report are fulfilled in
he literature review section of the report.
3.3 Limitations
Although the report has been developed as per plan, there are certain limitations linked
with the execution of the project. The main limitations that are identified in this project are
identified as follows-
1. The report lacks the use of primary data in analysis of the benefits of LSS
2. The research is conducted in a constricted time that offers a scope of future research
3.4. Suggest for future research

20PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
The future researches in this field should address the limitations linked with the current
research. There is scope of improvement in the research that has been conducted and therefore,
in future, the research can be conducted by making use of primary data.

21PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
References
Abu Bakar, F. A., Subari, K., & Mohd Daril, M. A. (2015). Critical success factors of Lean Six
Sigma deployment: a current review. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 6(4), 339-348.
Albliwi, S. A., Antony, J., & Lim, S. A. H. (2015). A systematic review of Lean Six Sigma for
the manufacturing industry. Business Process Management Journal, 21(3), 665-691.
Albliwi, S., Antony, J., Abdul Halim Lim, S., & van der Wiele, T. (2014). Critical failure factors
of Lean Six Sigma: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Quality & Reliability
Management, 31(9), 1012-1030.
Anderson, N. C., & Kovach, J. V. (2014). Reducing welding defects in turnaround projects: A
lean six sigma case study. Quality Engineering, 26(2), 168-181.
Bhamu, J., & Singh Sangwan, K. (2014). Lean manufacturing: literature review and research
issues. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 34(7), 876-940.
Chae, B., Olson, D., & Sheu, C. (2014). The impact of supply chain analytics on operational
performance: a resource-based view. International Journal of Production Research, 52(16),
4695-4710.
Cherrafi, A., Elfezazi, S., Chiarini, A., Mokhlis, A., & Benhida, K. (2016). The integration of
lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and sustainability: A literature review and future research
directions for developing a specific model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 828-846.
Cudney, E. A., & Kestle, R. (2018). Implementing Lean Six Sigma Throughout the Supply
Chain: The Comprehensive and Transparent Case Study. Productivity Press.

22PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Drohomeretski, E., Gouvea da Costa, S. E., Pinheiro de Lima, E., & Garbuio, P. A. D. R. (2014).
Lean, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma: an analysis based on operations strategy. International
Journal of Production Research, 52(3), 804-824.
Franchetti, M. J. (2015). Lean six sigma for engineers and managers: with applied case studies.
CRC Press.
Furterer, S. L. (2016). Lean Six Sigma in service: applications and case studies. CRC press.
Garza-Reyes, J. A. (2015). Green lean and the need for Six Sigma. International Journal of Lean
Six Sigma, 6(3), 226-248.
Gutierrez-Gutierrez, L., De Leeuw, S., & Dubbers, R. (2016). Logistics services and Lean Six
Sigma implementation: a case study. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 7(3), 324-342.
Jayaram, A. (2016, December). Lean six sigma approach for global supply chain management
using industry 4.0 and IIoT. In 2016 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing
and Informatics (IC3I) (pp. 89-94). IEEE.
Knapp, S. (2015). Lean Six Sigma implementation and organizational culture. International
journal of health care quality assurance, 28(8), 855-863.
Kumar, S., Luthra, S., Govindan, K., Kumar, N., & Haleem, A. (2016). Barriers in green lean six
sigma product development process: an ISM approach. Production Planning & Control, 27(7-8),
604-620.
Lande, M., Shrivastava, R. L., & Seth, D. (2016). Critical success factors for Lean Six Sigma in
SMEs (small and medium enterprises). The TQM Journal, 28(4), 613-635.

23PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Laureani, A., & Antony, J. (2017). Leadership characteristics for lean six sigma. Total Quality
Management & Business Excellence, 28(3-4), 405-426.
Mishra, P., & Kumar Sharma, R. (2014). A hybrid framework based on SIPOC and Six Sigma
DMAIC for improving process dimensions in supply chain network. International Journal of
Quality & Reliability Management, 31(5), 522-546.
Sreedharan, V. R., & Raju, R. (2016). A systematic literature review of Lean Six Sigma in
different industries. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 7(4), 430-466.
Sunder M, V. (2016). Lean Six Sigma project management–a stakeholder management
perspective. The TQM Journal, 28(1), 132-150.
Tenera, A., & Pinto, L. C. (2014). A Lean Six Sigma (LSS) project management improvement
model. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119, 912-920.
Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., & Leong, G. K. (2014). Principles of supply chain management: A
balanced approach. Cengage Learning.
Yadav, G., & Desai, T. N. (2016). Lean Six Sigma: a categorized review of the
literature. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 7(1), 2-24.
Zhang, A., Luo, W., Shi, Y., Chia, S. T., & Sim, Z. H. X. (2016). Lean and Six Sigma in
logistics: A pilot survey study in Singapore. International Journal of Operations & Production
Management, 36(11), 1625-1643.