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LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY
Answer 1:
The central theme of the book is that in 1491 Latin America did not existed, and the
nations and regions were created from the clashing of cultures that has been ignited by Columbus
in 1492 October. During the nineteenth century, The Liberals in order to create a ‘fictional
community’ inspired by Europe culture, forged a nation-building project. This process requires
confrontation of extraordinary cultural, racial, linguistical as well as social diversity of Latin
America and its goal regarding standardization and homogenization. The Europeanization was
diminished in the verge of integrating homogenization in twentieth-century which arises a new
and unique culture which involves traces of other cultures, that forms a mixed heritage, as the
cultural and racial combination is the vision of the nation (Escobar).
In Latin America, the pursuit of identity is considered the most potent force since the
independence war. In the creation of a new nation, between independence of Panamanian in
1903 and the independence of Haitan in 1804, the pursuit is regarding the new community of
nation constructed among common concepts of traditions, values and symbols.
Answer 2:
Creoles played an essential role in the independence movement across Latin America. By
the end of 18th century to the beginning of 19th century, the participation of Creoles in the
conspiracy against Portugal and Spain presented familiarity with Enlightenment Thinkers of
Europe, as, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Montesquieu. This
Enlightenment evidently is the purpose of a rebel by Creoles along with great leaders of inspiring
Latin American Independence Movement (Westwood).

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