2012 Olympics Infrastructure: Project Management Techniques and Stakeholder Management

This report evaluates the project management techniques and stakeholder management used in the 2012 Olympics Infrastructure project. It covers the role of projects in delivering organizational strategy, the process of initiating, managing and planning projects, stakeholder management, governance and monitoring, outcomes and benefits, data and information, problem solving and decision making, and risk management. The report also provides recommendations for effective project management.

The 2012 Olympics
Infrastructure

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
The role of projects in delivering organizational strategy...........................................................3
The process of initiating, managing and planning projects.........................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Stakeholder management.............................................................................................................5
Governance and monitoring........................................................................................................6
Outcomes and benefits.................................................................................................................7
Data and information...................................................................................................................7
Problem solving and decision making.........................................................................................7
Risk management.........................................................................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
Recommendation to effective project management....................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Project management is the tools that are use for particular skills, knowledge and
techniques to deliver something of value to people. Each project is differs and unique from the
routine operation and ongoing with activities of organization because project that reach a
conclusion once the goals is achieved. This report will explain about project management tools,
techniques and process that help the projects for completion. Along with this also evaluate
stakeholder management, governance and monitoring progress for the project, risk management
analysis. Also explain various factors that contributed to effective project management and
recommendation for the project. The chosen topic in order to carry out the present study is the
2012 Olympics infrastructure. In the year 1989, the government of UK planned to carry out a
project of railway link that helped them in redeveloping railways and giving an enhanced look to
London. This railway helped the UK providing a base for the infrastructure of Olympics in the
year 2012. The project management team managed the whole event splendidly by hiring more
than 1000 people for the purpose of organizing this event successfully.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
The role of projects in delivering organizational strategy
Organization increasingly relies upon the Olympics infrastructure as key that occur with
having strategy delivery. The project and programs that business is offending vary greatly from
one project to another project and this could be among various other projects that operate in the
same working infrastructure. Strategic planning that describes about the process where the
managers form the various project objective and creating a strategy for achieving those objective
that have been set (Chakkol, Selviaridis and Finne, 2018). Project management is having the
micro level and that can be applied within the projects throughout the organization. While having
such things this could also include them for working with some departments and ensure them for
working with some growth and development. Project programme and portfolio management play
the important role in implementing their projects and control about their working within
systematic way.
To be more effective organization need to evaluate the project supports and keep working
towards the organizational goals. This could be also keeping the limited resources and fewer in

more. Along with this organization unit, which are must be required for working with ends up
too many projects and none of them are able to deliver on time. The portfolio of projects is very
difficult, but this keeps essential for supporting towards the effective implementation of strategy
(Clegg And et.al., 2018). In times, with having limited resources organization which need to
guard against their scope project and need to stay with focus and deliver benefits for the
organization within the quickly or given time. This means that setting up for the project is also
particular for realistic goals and sticking them for working with better goals and objective. It can
really help towards the simple project briefing about the process and that could better
development for working towards the Olympics infrastructure. These issues by the senior
manager of the organization that might be ensure about projects gets the priority and focus which
are being required (Gemünden, Lehner and Kock, 2018). Time spent more developing the plans
that will ensure about resources and requirement and also understood about their given effective
projects for the organization. This could be especially important in crossing their functional
teams and where different department with working on many projects at that time. While the role
for developing organizational strategy in providing them with having available of resources and
keep their employees for working with some roles.
The process of initiating, managing and planning projects.
Quality- This is known as degree of excellences and in project management it can be said the
main key of successful projects. While for managing the quality of projects this could be
required continues feedback that will be given to project staff and this could also make the
proper use of KPI in keeping control over the tasks.
Scope- The main aim for the projects is to manage the 2012 Olympics infrastructure. So, in this
context, it can be also said that this have the wider scope and have benefits to manager and many
other stakeholder (Keers and van Fenema, 2018). While for this, quality that can be measured
within team working and that will be done according to concepts.
Time- It is important for the project manager and various other project staff for knowing about
time and this could include manner in order to develop the goals and making their stakeholder
more benefits. Estimated for completing the projects is: four month and this will be completed on
given time with better goals and objectives.
Resources- For completing the project management in succession this could be required project
manager, project staff and many other workers. While resources that are being required such as,

sports facilitate as cycling tracks, ski-jumping, the Olympic villages, venue large enough that
host closing and opening ceremonies can be held (Ardito And et.al., 2019). In completion for the
projects, various types of resources are being required and make sure for having effective
resources in projects.
Communication- As it could be required for completion the wider scope project. While there
are high number of stakeholder and they are more interested for completion in projects. For this
they are essential for creating the better communication among them as internal and external
stakeholder. This could be conducted through meeting, E-mails, notice and many other
communication ways.
Cost- Cost which seems to be important elements and this could be considered in order to
complete the projects and according to projects financial resources that must be available
(Flanagan and et.al., 2018). While for the completion of projects, this could be required for
estimated cost as £400.
Risk- Due to covid-19 climate changes and many other examples can create barriers for the
completion in projects. For avoiding such risk, while risk management tables will be produced
and this could keep the back-up plan for the projects at every stage.
Process of initiating a project
In order to initiate a project, it is essential to carry out the steps which has been stated
below:
 Before initiating the project, an organization must prepare the business case which
involves the key elements of the projects such as project cost, expected benefit, the
process to carry out the project, and funding and arranging of sources.
 The second step involves carrying out a project feasibility study which helps the team in
determining if it is beneficial to proceed with the project or not.
 Thirdly, the development of a project charter is important as it answers the major
questions relating to the project such as the objectives, scope, stakeholders, customers
and the time it will take.
 In order to successfully complete a project, it is essential that an organization must
manage the key stakeholders within the process.
 Selecting a team that involves the most appropriate candidates also adds to the success of
the project.

 Lastly, before proceeding, it is essential to cross-check each and aspect in order to make
it a success.
Tools and techniques of managing projects
There are tools and techniques used by the project managing teams in order to
accomplish their projects successfully, they are:
Work breakdown Structure:
The WBS is a technique of project management that helps the project managers in
converting the big projects into small and organizable tasks that can be achieved within a
stipulated time frame.
Gantt Chart :
Gantt chart is also considered as a tool which provides the managers with a visualization
of the whole time frame of the project. It helps in stating the managers the time each activity will
take in order to successfully complete the project.
Critical path method:
The critical path method is a tool of project management that helps the event organizers
in determining the shortest way or the route to complete the project.
TASK 2
Use of project management techniques in 2012 olympics
It has been determined that the project management team of the 2012 olypics
infrastructure not only made use of tools of project management stated above which highlights
the use of gantt chart, work breakdown structure and the critical path method, but also made use
of several other techniques which helped them in completing the project.
Since, London Olympics in the year 2012 was such a big event, the project managers
made strategies in order to make the project ready before time so that they will have sufficient
time for carrying tests on the projects and determining the weak points. Similarly, the managed
to complete the task before 1 year of the date of the event and carry out various testing for the
same.
They implemented a strategy of adhering to the set budget strictly. They made a policy of
not accepting changes until and unless it is very essential, or else they would have exceeded their
set budget and it might have led to mismanagement.

It was a difficult task for them as it was a short term project yet included an estimate of
around 47 thousand people in order to complete the project. The last 6 months were only kept for
the micromanagement of the tasks.
However, it has been determined that the even after adhering to the strict budgeted plan,
the project involved a huge amount of cost in carrying out the whole project, and hosting of such
a big event within the country created a havoc in city as the general public had to face rush and
unjust displacement within the nation.
Stakeholder management
Stakeholders are the people or the groups who positively or impact or are impacted by any
initiative, project, organisation or policy. They possess greater interest in the same. These are
mainly the employees, customers, investors, suppliers, communities, governments, trade
associations etc.
S. No. Stakeholder Power (1-
least, 5-
highest)
Role played by the stakeholder
1 Contributor to
stadium safety
and security
4 This includes the staff for entry, emergency
points for the official players. Manual and
electronic searching for the stadium and also
have the safety modalities which should be best
place.
2 Sports facility
construction and
design
2 It play the role for architects, design and
managers should have to consider the better
safety patterns and design the stadium with
having huge international practices (Pedrini and
Ferri, 2019). It could also play roles for
providing the signage direction to the user of
facility.
3. Participants 2 This is fundamental stakeholder for the sports.
While it has stake ability for clubs, coaches and
teams to help them achieving goals.
4. Spectators 1 Teams that raise the revenue from the spectators

though having tickets, program sales, sales of
team merchandise and membership subscription.
5. Governing bodies 4 This set and reviews the rules for competition
(Lehtinen, Aaltonen and Rajala, 2019). Along
with this also provide the framework for the
other sports organization and ways for team in
managing their work.
6. Financial
stakeholder
3 While the professional sports that are
participants have the aim for attracting
commercial sponsorship or grant the funding to
cover the training, coaching and costs.
Governance and monitoring
In fact, these organization that have the outcomes with various governmental agreements which
are developed with legal status and they are the products of political power that grants them
authority for carrying out events. Given more presence of politics in the organizing committees
their power leaders and structure that become the important to realize the nature of governmental
involvement in planning many more games (Sperry and Jetter, 2019). They could be having two
other approaches that derive from the organizing committee centred, that serve the better
organize the Olympic scattered with keeping focus on the government. In addition, to identifying
the best key players and them more contributors to the game and this is more important to look at
their relationship with government. The relationship between ownership, delivery and
governance of modern Olympic Games is more complex and fully understood who owns the risk
with putting them on.
Outcomes and benefits
Truth be told, these association that have the results with different administrative arrangements
which are created with lawful status and they are the results of political power that awards them
expert for completing occasions. Given more presence of legislative issues in the getting sorted
out panels their power chiefs and construction that become the critical to understand the idea of
administrative association in arranging a lot more games. They could be having two different

methodologies that get from the getting sorted out council focused, that serve the better arrange
the Olympic dispersed with remaining fixed on the public authority (Dooms, 2019). Moreover, to
distinguishing the best central members and them more supporters of the game and this is more
vital to take a gander at their relationship with government. The connection between possession,
conveyance and administration of current Olympic Games is more perplexing and completely
comprehended who claims the danger with placing them on.
Data and information
Time spent seriously fostering the plans that will guarantee about assets and prerequisite and
furthermore comprehended with regards to their given successful undertakings for the
association. This could be particularly significant in intersection their utilitarian groups and
where different office with chipping away at many tasks around then. While the job for creating
authoritative technique in furnishing them with having accessible of assets and save their
representatives for working for certain jobs (Nguyen and Mohamed, 2018). This implies that
setting up for the undertaking is likewise specific for sensible objectives and staying them for
working with better objectives and objective. It can truly help towards the straightforward task
preparation about the cycle and that could better improvement for running after the Olympics
framework. This issue by the ranking director of the association that may be guarantee about
projects gets the need.
Problem solving and decision making
Association progressively depends upon the Olympics foundation as key that happen with having
technique conveyance. The task and projects that business is affronting differ incredibly starting
with one venture then onto the next project and this could be among different activities that work
in a similar working framework. Key arranging that depicts about the interaction where the
directors structure the different undertaking objective and making a system for accomplishing
those true that have been set (Wuni and Shen, 2020). Project executives are having the miniature
level and that can be applied inside the activities all through the association. While having such
things this could likewise incorporate them for working for certain divisions and guarantee them
for working with some development and advancement. Project program and portfolio the
executives assume the significant part in carrying out their tasks and control about their working
inside efficient way.

Risk management
Risk Analysis and Management is a key undertaking the board practice to guarantee that the
most un-number of astonishments happen while task is in progress. While this can never
anticipate the future with assurance (Samimi, 2020), it can apply a smoothed out hazard the
executive’s interaction to foresee the vulnerabilities in the tasks and limit the event or effect of
these vulnerabilities
Potenti
al risk
Who is
at risk
Existing
control
measure
Risk
rating/10
Preventative
measure
Responsibilities
People
risk
People
those
who are
involvin
g in
large
populati
on
The safety of
public and
athletes
remain the
uncertainty.
7 The security of
public and
competitors stay
the vulnerability.
Project manager and
other staff.
Technol
ogy risk
Crowd Well-
developed
innovation
and
embracing
new
technology.
5 While using
digital signages,
real-time match
and online
refreshment.
Digital marketing team
Weathe
r and
climate
risk
Large
populati
on
people,
professi
onal
athletes
Mass
gathering of
tourists and
potential for
chronic that
impacts on
climate
6 Average
temperature must
be known and
weather on
events that must
be checked.
Weather forecast team

changes
TASK 3
Recommendation to effective project management
The project manager should make their agreement with various management, project sponsors
and many other stakeholder as well. This could keep them for solving any problem and desired
them with better results. Goals should be specific, measureable; clear so that could help those for
working with better define project scope. Along with this project manager also need to work with
better goals and effective things so that could help them for completion the project on given time
(Zuo And et.al., 2018). Developing a plan is also important for entering in tasks and make sure
for having software application by using various technology as innovation and creativity. The
planning process for the projects should include the risk management activities and various other
communication methods that are being required. Developing with better project schedule it could
be only part of the fine planning process. The project scope that must be defined and planning
stages must be clear for the projects.
If any, changes are being important than it must be communicate to each and every stakeholder
and team members. While managing scope is one of the more challenging parts for managing
projects. This could also lead for working with better and effective goals through which the
project manager can make sure for having effective scope. Determining about the
communication channels needed to be inform and relevant to stakeholder of the progress of the
project. Moreover, management and various project sponsors that may be have the regular status
or only the highlights about the projects and exception. The project team will need to regular
briefing and assignment to the project members (Sirisomboonsuk And et.al., 2018). The
frequency about the communication channels should be defined and managed by proper
communication plan towards their project plan. Management must be agrees with clear project
goals and make sure for using those time tables which have been schedules during the meeting
with stakeholder. While all stakeholder should also understand and agree with the investing time
and try to define the clear project objective. The venture supervisor should settle on their
concurrence with different administration, project supports and numerous other partners too.
This could save them for tackling any issue and wanted them with better outcomes. Objectives
ought to be explicit, quantifiable; clear so that could assist those for working with better

characterize project scope. Alongside this project supervisor likewise need to work with better
objectives and compelling things so that could help them for finish the undertaking on given time
(Haq and et.al., 2019). Fostering an arrangement is additionally significant for entering in
assignments and ensure for having programming application by involving different innovation as
advancement and innovativeness. The arranging system for the ventures ought to incorporate the
danger the board exercises and different other specialized strategies that are being required.
Creating with better undertaking plan it very well may be just essential for the fine arranging
process. The task scope that should be characterized and arranging stages should be clear for the
activities. If any, progressions are being significant than it should be impart to every single
partner and colleagues.
As per the findings with respect to the hosting of the event, it has been analysed since, the
Olympics in the year 2012 held in the London were huge, it involved a lot of cost in order to
conduct the project and involved a daily audience of 300 thousand people per day. This affected
the general public of the nation and created a havoc within the city. Therefore, it is essential that
the project management team should identify the number of people which will be attending the
event in advance and create some sort facilities which do not affect the general public.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it had been seems that, project management seems to be important for any
events and this could be required for having effective strategy. This also evaluated about various
stakeholder, risk management for the project completion and how they are also important for
taking some right steps. Along with this various factors that contributed for achieving the
succession in future by creating the effective project management with various strategies.

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