logo

Advanced Pathophysiology - Assignment

6 Pages1201 Words56 Views
   

Added on  2021-04-17

Advanced Pathophysiology - Assignment

   Added on 2021-04-17

ShareRelated Documents
Running head: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGYADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGYName of the StudentName of the universityAuthor’s note
Advanced Pathophysiology - Assignment_1
1ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY1. Diagnostic test or technique for a renal conditionA Urinalysis tests can be used for the presence of the protein and the blood in the urine. Therecan be several reasons for the presence of protein in the urine. A urinalysis can be done forassessing the color and the clearness. A urine infection may look the urine cloudy and foamyurine may be a sign of kidney problems (Copstead &Banasik, 2013). Urine test can be done inthree parts such as visual exams that can be determined by the color and the clearness of theurine. In a dipstick test a plastic strip with biomarkers can be dipped in urine and clinicalconditions are assessed by the change in the color of the stick. Urinalysis can also be used tomeasure the level of acidity in the urine as high pH may indicate towards kidney stones orinfections. Glucose level in urine may indicate towards diabetes. Bilirubin, which is a wasteproduct, is removed from the liver and its presence in the urine can be a sign of liver disease.Microscopic exams can be done for the detecting the leukocytes, erythrocytes, pathogens suchas bacteria and yeasts, tube shaped proteins known as the casts and presence of crystalsindicating kidney stones. The specific gravity of the urine can be defined as the densitymeasurement and relative proportion of the dissolved solid in the urine. The normal specificgravity of the urine should be between 1.005- 1.035. Low specific gravity in urine indicatesconditions like diabetes insipidus and high specific gravity refers to excessive water loss,diabetes mellitus and adrenal abnormalities. Specific gravity can be determined by Refractometerand urinometer (Lim, 2014).
Advanced Pathophysiology - Assignment_2
2ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY2.Diagnostic test or technique useful in the diagnosis of an acid base disorderMetabolic acidosis is an acid base disorder that is caused when the body generates acids inexcess and occurs mainly when the kidneys cannot remove the excess acids from the body. Someof the causes of the metabolic acidosis includes kidney diseases (proximal renal tubularacidosis), medicine poisoning due to aspirin or methanol or severe dehydration. Measurement ofmetabolic acidosis can be done by the simultaneous measurement of the serum electrolytes aswell as the arterial blood gases. If the pH goes under 7.35 and the bicarbonate levels aredecreased and becomes less than 24mmol/L, then metabolic acidemia occurs. Anion gap and thedelta gap calculation can be helpful in detecting metabolic alkalosis. The anion gap can beobtained by subtracting the sum of the chloride and bicarbonate ions from the serum sodiumconcentrations (Vichot & Rastegar, 2014). Elevation of the anion gap values indicates metabolicacidosis. The metabolic acidosis is categorized on the basis of, whether the anion gap is normalor high. The delta gap is also measured in presence of metabolic acidosis for identifying themetabolic alkalosis. The elevated anion gap is mainly caused for the presence of the compoundsthat are negatively charged such as the ketones, sulphates, lactates, ethylene, and glycol (Vichot& Rastegar, 2014). Acidemia due to the metabolic acidosis triggers hyperventilation decreasesthe PaCo2. Serum anion gap is a useful diagnosis tool that can asses metabolic acidosis. Nochange in the anion gap can be noticed in some disorders. The pattern of the anion gapcharacterization helps not only in the diagnosis but also in the treatment. Augmentation of theserum anion gap linked to the accumulation of the organic acid signifies the potential sources ofthe bases (Kraut & Madias, 2012). Once the metabolic disturbance is cured, the accumulatedanions are converted in to equal amounts of bases and should be taken into consideration duringthe treatment.
Advanced Pathophysiology - Assignment_3

End of preview

Want to access all the pages? Upload your documents or become a member.

Related Documents
Assignment of Nursing
|5
|710
|32

NURSING. NURSING. 1. 1. : NURSING. Physical health stat
|3
|397
|52

Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Study
|12
|3166
|494

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathophysiology, Deteriorating Patient, Treatment Strategies, Ethical and Legal Practice, Roles and Responsibilities, Quality Use of Medicines, Complementary Therapies
|1
|1964
|477

Case Study: Acid-Base Imbalance in a Patient with Respiratory and Metabolic Acidosis
|5
|1452
|118

Urinalysis Report
|5
|1421
|58