3D Printing in Construction | Research
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Added on 2020-03-16
3D Printing in Construction | Research
Added on 2020-03-16
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THESIS PROPOSAL TITLE3D PRINTING IN CONSTRUCTIONSTUDENT NAMESTUDENT NUMBERCOURSE NUMBERSUPERVISOR’S NAMEDATE OF SUBMISSION
ABSTRACTThis research proposal seeks to delve into the particulars of 3D printing in construction.The construction industry is evolving and the 3D printing technique is set to transform thetechnology to revolutionize the industry. This type of technique is classified under the additivemanufacturing methods as it is the process of joining the materials to make an object from 3Dmodel data using layers. The introduction of 3D printing in the construction industry is verycrucial and continued improvement will revolutionize the construction process. The impacts aretimely construction, fewer expenses, and better quality products and structures[ CITATION Doe14 \l1033 ]. This paper reviews the formerly done construction project using the 3D printingtechnology. It analyses the gap such that the 3D printing can dominate the construction world inthe near future and solve the housing problems in the western countries. The paper looks into thepreviously done projects and the printing techniques that were employed to do the work. It isevident that the FEM, FDM, and stereo lithography. The printing speed is one of the key areasthat needs to be improved. The designers need to determine the actual speed necessary to ensurethat the structure has the right adhesion and that the weight of the top layers does not affect thebottom structure for firmness in the development. The proposal sets up two hypotheses which arediscussed in the data analysis section and they are confirmed true at the end. The 3D printing is discussed in two categories where the building blocks are prepared inthe factories and transported for assembly on site as well as the construction from foundation toroofing done by the 3D printer on site. The merits of the 3D printing are reduction inconstruction time, eradication of construction wastes hence the environment is conserved. Theresearch proposal puts forth two hypothesis tests on the impact of printing speed on theconstruction time and quality as well as the cost implications of using the 3D printers. The dataanalysis analyses the two factors presented by the hypothesis and confirms them to be positive.The research concludes that the printing speed needs to be increased or reduced based on thedesign, structure, raw materials used, and the adhesive forces or ability of the structure towithstand stresses and strains. The cost implications depend on the structure being deployed aswell as the resources used in the construction process. Any extra costs and resource managementadds to the cost of the overall project. The risks need to be monitored consistently and managedby the project managers to ensure quality projects are carried out.
TABLE OF CONTENTSABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................2LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................3BASIC OVERVIEW....................................................................................................................3PREVIOUS STUDIES.................................................................................................................6RESEARCH OBJECTIVE..........................................................................................................9RESEARCH GAP......................................................................................................................10METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................10OVERVIEW..............................................................................................................................10EXPERIMENTAL PLAN..........................................................................................................10DATA ANALYSIS PLAN............................................................................................................13CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15TABLE OF FIGURESFigure 1 Budget Constraint graph for cost of construction against the structure (Malaeb, et al., 2015).......5Figure 2 time constraint graph for percent complete against time to completion (Malaeb, et al., 2015)......6Figure 3 value addition graph for thermal conductivity against density (Malaeb, et al., 2015)....................6Figure 4 Relationship between bond strengths and the printing time gap (totalkustom, 2016)....................7Figure 5 Castle 3D printed Structure using contour crafting (UniSA, 2013)...............................................9Figure 6 Contour Crafting in progress (printcanalhouse, 2016)...................................................................9Figure 7 Workflow diagram of the 3D printing process............................................................................11Figure 8 Example of design on AutoCAD Inventor Software (Mrazovic, 2013)......................................12Figure 9 Raw Materials mix up for structure construction.........................................................................13Figure 10 Illustration of 3D printing failure due to poor printing speed design.........................................14Figure 11 Stress and Strain curves on a structure......................................................................................14
LITERATURE REVIEWBASIC OVERVIEWThere has been a tremendous increase in the population of people on a global scale. These peopleneed a roof over their heads and, as a result, housing is a crucial factor. Construction is generallyconsidered time consuming and in most cases very expensive. With the rising need of consumerunique designs for housing, the construction industry has evolved and there is need to make theconstruction friendly, affordable, and fast[ CITATION Tay17 \l 1033 ]. This has resulted in theevolution of 3D printing in the construction realm. The 3D printing describes a process ofobtaining a construction design from a digital file and later uploading the same to a 3D printer.The printer reads the digital file and lays down courses of material until an entire building iscompleted. Most concrete structures that have irregular contours and shapes can be beneficiariesof the 3D printing. The technique is commonly used in the development of models, structuralbuilding components, brick construction, and for interior décor[CITATION 3DP15 \l 1033 ]. The 3Dprinting opens up the construction field as there are a variety of raw materials such as therecycled plastic, bioplastics, synthetic materials, and chemicals apart from concrete, sand, andcement. The technique introduces a variety of fabrication methods and the fabrication ofreinforced concrete beams, as well as the direct printing of the materials on site. There has been ahuge leap in the development of new technics to make the construction even better in thestructural optimization schemes[ CITATION Mra13 \l 1033 ]. The 3D printing has brought aboutseveral benefits to the construction field such as,(i)The technique reduces the human interaction on site. This ensures that the humanbeings are no longer exposed to hazards and ailments and it is more cost effective forthe organization.(ii)It guarantees timely and customized deliverables ensuring a greater design freedom atpocket friendly costs. (iii)The technique adds to the functionalities into the structures and the system integrationand the reduction of material interfaces. (iv)There is better control over the deposition of build materials ensuring a good finish onthe construction as well as providing quality building blocks or homogenous units. Some of the key components looked into by the structural engineers and the project managersduring the construction are time, budget, and quality. The cost implication of a venture matters asfinances are a limited resource. The project should run in the planned time managing all theanticipated risks as well as those risks that crop up in the midst of the project. The projectadministrators also mind the quality of the construction such that the construction follows theblueprint design to the letter and the deliverables are attained. The technique is a digitalfabrication that takes a conceived or well thought-out model, make it a digital design, and laterturns it into a real object. (a)Budget constraint
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