Body Responses to Physical Activities and Physiology

This presentation explains the normal body responses to everyday physical activities and the explanation of body responses by cellular and tissue structure and physiology. It also covers the role of body coordination in homoeostasis and how age may affect body structure and functioning. Additionally, it assesses the impacts of these conditions on the body and relates the effects of Mary's medical condition to routine care.

Task 2 and 4

Normal body responses to everyday physical
activities

Contd...
 Oxygen demand increases in working muscles during
heavy exercises.
 Respiratory system functions very rapidly to meet the
demand.
 Breathing mechanism coordinates with cardiovascular
organs and connective tissues to supply oxygen

 Everyday running increases heart rate in body to pump the
blood quickly.
 Red blood cells carry oxygen from lungs to the muscles that
are involved in jogging.
 During rest, breathing rate is normal as the body is in the
resting phase.

Explanation of body responses by cellular and
tissue structure and physiology

Contd...
 While working out, the body demands more oxygen
 In absence of energy supply, the person may feel
exhausted due to increased level of chemicals like blood
lactate leading to low levels of blood pH.
 To maintain the energy levels in the body, adipose
tissue pay very critical role.

Contd...
These are type of connective tissue present in the organs
to provide structural support.
Fat cells, store fats that are derived from consumed food
and provides energy when it is required.
People who exercise daily and eat healthy food have
lower levels of stored fats

Explanation of body coordination in
homoeostasis

Contd...
Role of Circulatory system:
 Blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from heart to all
parts.
 Arteries carry waste blood back to the heart.
 White blood cells – fight against the disease platelets -
clotting

Role of Nervous system
 The autonomic system controls other organs and
functions at subconscious levels.
 It is further segmented into sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems based on the responses.
 Parasympathetic systems generate impacts which are
important for day to day activities.
 Sympathetic is associated with emergency conditions.

Role of Nervous system
 The autonomic system controls other organs and
functions at subconscious levels.
 It is further segmented into sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems based on the responses.
 Parasympathetic systems generate impacts which are
important for day to day activities.
 Sympathetic is associated with emergency conditions.

Role of Endocrine system:
 Glands secrete chemical messengers known as
hormones.
 The hormones are transported to various parts of the
body by blood.
 The endocrine system together with nervous system
helps in maintaining the homoeostasis in an
organization.

Role of kidney:

Contd...
 Kidney filters out the blood by removing excess salts
and waste from it.
 The nephrons, cellular units of kidney hold the
unwanted substances from the blood after absorbing salt
and excess nutrients.

Role of skin:

Contd...
 Skin act as thermal regulator of the body.
 The skin acts as barrier to prevent heat loss as well as
water loss.
 It also provides protection to internal organs from harsh
external environment and harmful pathogens.

How age may affect body structure and
functioning
Nervous system
 As a person ages, certain changes occur in the brain and
nervous system.
 Cells are lost by the spinal cord and brain. These also
lose weight.
 Nerve cells pass messages at a slow pace. With the
breakdown of nerve cells, there is accumulation of waste
products in the brain.

Contd...
 All these changes have significant affect on the senses
of the aged person.
 Loss of sensation which may have caused problems
related to movement in Mary.
 Further, it may also lead to delirium or confusion.

Respiratory system
 With age, bones and muscles associated with
respiratory system change shape.
 Thus leading to a change in the shape of rib cage.
 As a result, the rib cage does not expand and contract
efficiently while breathing.

Contd...
 The diaphragm also becomes weak with age.
 As a result of this, the aged person is not able to
breathe in or out enough air.
 Following these changes, the level of oxygen is
lowered in the body.

Assessment of impacts of above mentioned
conditions on body
• The above mentioned conditions have significant
impacts on the structure and functioning of Mary's
body.
• As per the given scenario, Mary was 78 years old and
old age has impacted the structure and functioning of
nervous system.
 Loss of sensation would have resulted in difficult in
walking.

Assessment of impacts of above mentioned
conditions on body
• The above mentioned conditions have significant
impacts on the structure and functioning of Mary's
body.
• As per the given scenario, Mary was 78 years old and
old age has impacted the structure and functioning of
nervous system.
 Loss of sensation would have resulted in difficult in
walking.

Contd...
 Accumulation of waste products in the brain and slow
passage of nerve signals may create confusion state.
 Age impacts the structure and functioning of
respiratory system. Mary may suffer breathing
problems
 This would have resulted in lower oxygen level within
her body. This would have also made her tired due to
shortness of breath.

Relating effects of Mary's medical condition to
routine care
• Mary suffers from diabetes thus her routine care
involves regular monitoring of blood glucose.
 Appropriate diet is given to keep the blood sugar level
within normal limits.
• Medicines will also be included in care plan.
• She is prone to the risk of infection due to diabetes
thus routine care involves regular foot care and
checking for the presence of wound.

Contd...
 Mary also suffers from osteoarthritis. Routine care
comprise of necessary therapy and pain killers to deal
with pain.
 Another medical condition from which Mary suffers is
hypertension.
 Routine care would involve medication to treat
hypertension.
 Routine care also involve provision of walking aid and
bed rails in order to deal her fear of falling.

REFERENCES
Andrew, M. A., 2011. Daisyworld and physiological rein control. Kybernetes.
40(9/10). pp.1297-1304.
Bove, A. A., 2014. Exercise Medicine: Physiological Principles and Clinical
Applications. Academic Press
Curtis, L., 2009. Grant's Atlas of Anatomy (12th edition). Reference Reviews. 23(1).
pp.44–45.
Goodier, J., 2009. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Atlas of Anatomy. Reference
Reviews. 23(2). pp.38–39.
LeMura, L. M., and Von Duvillard, S.P., 2004. Clinical Exercise Physiology:
Application and Physiological Principles. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins