Analysis of Poverty Level in United States till 2030

This study analyzes the poverty levels in the United States and investigates its impact on the economy, health, education, and living standards. The study uses Arc maps and descriptive statistics to analyze the data. The aim is to determine the poverty levels and develop strategies to reduce them by 2030.

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ANALYSIS OF POVERTY LEVEL IN UNITED STATES TILL 2030
by ………………
Tutor: ………………..
University of ………
13 June 2019

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Abstract
In the recent years there has been serious poverty levels affecting the United States economic
parameters. In this study we are going to carry investigation to obtain the spatial and non spatial
data .And then perform analysis to find out the population (National Research Council, Division
on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Committee on Strategic
Directions for the Geographical Sciences in the Next Decade, 2010) in high poverty levels. Most of
the citizenry in poverty fall under those that are unemployed. The study will investigate how the
health and nutrition, the living standards and Education is affected by poverty in USA (Nations,
2013). We will apply the use of Arc maps to enable us obtain the data and real statistics of the
population of the united states in relation to poverty rates till 2030. The study will employ the use of
descriptive statistics, tables, graphs and arc amps to represent and explain about data represented
and compare it
to the national income of the USA till 2030. (Nations, 2009)
Table of Contents
Abstract 2
Introduction 3
Research aim and objectives 4
Research Questions (hypothesis) 4
Literature Review 4
Data collections 6
Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………………….6
Discussion ……….………………………………………………………...………………..… …...…...16
Recommendation……....………………………………….……………………………….………..…….17
Conclusion………………………………………………...……………………………………… ..…….18
References…………………………………………………..……………………………………………19
Figures
Figure 1.0…………………………………………………………………………………………...…….7
Figure 2.0…………………………………………………………………………………..……………..9
Figure 3.0………………………………………………………………………….………..…..……….11
Figure4.0……………………………………………………………………………………..….………11
Figure 5.0………………………………………………………………………………….…….………13
Figure 6.0………………………………………………………………………………….…………….15
Figure 7.0…………………………………………………………………………………………….….15
Tables
Table1.0 ……………………………………………………………………......…………..…………..…8

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Table 2.0……………………………………………………………………………………………..10
Table3.0……………………………………………………………………………..……………….12
Table 4.0………..…………………………………………………………………….………………14
Introduction
According to USA poverty is a state where one source of income falls under the poverty
distribution threshold. Poverty levels have been a critical issue in most parts of the world, both
developed and under developed countries. In this study we are going to discuss how poverty is an
issue and how it affects the economy of a country by stagnating it (Deepa Narayan, 2009). Those
Americans living under the poverty distribution threshold, they struggle a lot with their inadequate
income to satisfy their basic needs even though the government provides additional programs to
enable earn extra income (Sassen, 2014). In this study we are going to study and identify how
poverty has affected the health sector, the education sector, the mortality rate of citizens of
America, the most impoverished age brackets and the living standards of the people who are
distributed across the different states and how many citizens of those working and not working are
affected majorly by poverty and at what rate the poverty has risen. (World bank, 2011)Also there
are various programs that the federal government has put in place to help their citizens to get out of
poverty and be able to pay their bills such as medical bills, water, electricity and affordable housing,
homes for the families. This programs will enhance the citizens to engage themselves in economic
activities and by the Year 2030 all citizens of USA will be living above the poverty distribution
threshold where they can pay their bills without struggling. (World Health Organization, 2015)
Research aims and objectives.
The main objective is to analyze the poverty levels in USA and the reduction measures by
2030.There are those areas in USA that are most affected by poverty, The aim of this study is to
enable determine the poverty levels and how they can be minimized from now until 2030 to ensure
they are totally reduced.
Research questions (Hypothesis)
Who are greatly affected by poverty both in rural areas and urban areas how minimize the poverty
levels till 2030?
What percentage of areas and age bracket of people in the USA are most affected by poverty and
how to reduce till 2030?
How poverty will affect the national income by 2030?
Literature Review
In the early years of eightieths the USA showed high number of its population faced with high
poverty levels (World Bank Group, 2017). The government introduced a mechanism called poverty
threshold to determine those who are in poverty and those who are not. For a family which lived
above the poverty distribution threshold it is considered to be out of the poverty (Monchuk, 2013)

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bracket while a family which was found to live under the poverty distribution threshold according
to the amount of income and the individuals in the household they were considered as poor. (Isabel
Ortiz, 2012) For instance for family with one individual the income must be above $12489, for a
family of 2 individuals the income should be above $15899, family with 3 individuals should have
an income of $ 20517, a family with 4 individuals an income of $ 25728 , (Office of the Director of
National Intelligence Council, Createspace Independent Pub, 2017)This shows for an addition of a
member in a family their must an increase of more than$ 4000 to enable a family live above the
poverty threshold but if it fall less than the poverty threshold, then the given family is in poverty
and need to access the government programs to earn more income to avoid straining in paying their
bills such as electricity, water and rates. (Stephen Ackermann, 2013)
According to the US poverty on statistics it was found that most of the young people mostly from
single parent families are high percentage of impoverishing poverty, the Americans under the age of
18 years who are languishing in poverty is 13million which is clearly representation of almost 18 %
of the total population of the age bracket of under 18 years. This clearly shows that in every 10
children 2 are languishing in poverty. (Santoshi Halder, 2017)Whereas for those in the age bracket
of 65 years in poverty is low as compared to other age brackets, this is because of the federal
government that has been introduced such as the Medicare and the social security. For those who
worked and paid enough taxes enjoy pension from the government, (Bank, 2018)this has enabled
the status of the aging Americans from impoverishing in and poverty and over dependency on those
working in their families.
According to the US census statistics the number of people living in metropolitan areas under the
poverty threshold were found to be less than those in outside the metropolitan areas. (Jensen, 2010)
According to statistics 33.5 million Americans in metropolitan areas live under the poverty
threshold which is a representation of 11.91% of the total American population living in the
metropolitan areas. While the number of people who fall under the poverty threshold outside the
metropolitan is 6.45 million this representation of 14.9% of the total population in the USA that live
below the poverty threshold. (Maria Cancian, 2009)
In the US there are those that work full time and they are paid less while others work part time, The
national income is built by workers on the time spend on work be it sole proprietorships , private or
public job. This shows that the total number of working adults in poverty is 22.3 million, (National
Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on
Population, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Mathematical Sciences and
Their Applications, Committee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Eff, 2013)This shows most of
working class in the US is under the poverty distribution threshold. There is a huge need by the
government to introduce social security programs and favorable mortgage loans with low interest
rates that will enable the American Citizens to earn more and contribute more in the national
income and facilitate government development agendas. (United Nations, 2013)
Data collection
In this study data was obtained from the USA poverty Statistics, One of the methods used is the use
of USA Education census; we have used Arc maps to identify the poverty levels in the USA (Dean
Jolliffe, 2014). We have used tables and graphs from the USA Federal of statistics to do analysis of
data and the use of GIS to enumerate different parts of USA and how they relate to income
generated is affected by poverty lines at large (Cressie, 2015). Data has been analyses well using
tables with actual figures to evidence the study beyond no reasonable doubt.

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Methodology
In this study the methodology was used to identify and determine the poverty levels through the
use of certain determinants such as health, Education and living standards of a state in united States
of America .The following process was used to gather data;
Step 1 Location of the study area.
Step 2Identify the age population most affected by poverty
Step 3Identify the changes of poverty lines over the years
Step 4Identify the marital status of people in living below poverty lines in the area
Step 5Identify the health nutrition and the child mortality in the area
Step 6Identify enumerate the population schooling and attending schooling programs in the area
Step 7Identify and enumerate the living standards of people living in the metropolitan and rural
areas
Step 8Comparison of the national income to extreme poverty lines
The figure1.0 presentation of the different parts of the study area (USA)

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Step 1
Locate the study area
The area of the study area was the USA, the above figure shows the poverty levels in the United
States in various counties. The data shows that the poverty levels are spread in a range of 0.0-
10.0% here the number of people here are a bit lower and they are found in metropolitan areas , this
implies most people who are affected by poverty leave outside the metropolis and they are
unequally (Daniel Cotlear, 2015)distributed across the counties. The range of poverty line of 15.1-
20.0% is high compared to other ranges because most of the population is found in this bracket of
poverty lines and they are almost found in all counties of the USA. The range of 30.1-53.5 is the
least poverty line in America because in some counties this poverty line is not available; this shows
the great improvements that the state is working to eradicate poverty by 2030.
Step 2 Identify the age population most affected by poverty
Table 1.0 The age population affected by poverty distribution table
The table above shows that the Americans in the age bracket of 18 years and below is high with
17.5% of the total population of American in the under 18 years bracket. The age bracket of 18 -
64yrs shows that out of 198.1 million of Americans in this bracket, 22.2 million are living in
poverty, representing 11.2% of the population living in poverty lines. Whereas the age of 65years
and above have the lowest number of people living under poverty levels which is 9.2% of the age
bracket of 65 years and above. Making the average population of 12.3 % of the total population of
Americans which is 39.7 million of 322.5 million Americans.
Step 3.
Identify the poverty line changes over the years

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Figure2.0. The graph representing the changes of poverty over the last 3 years.
The graphs shows that in the year 2015 the poverty levels for all races was high but it drastically
dropped from 25.0-10% in the year 2016 .This data shows that the State is working around the
clock to ensure that poverty is eradicated.
Step 4
Identify the marital status of people in living below poverty lines in the area
Table 2.0 . The table shows the different marital status of people in poverty

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The married couples out of 61.3 million , 3 million American couples live in poverty which is
4.9%, Single mothers are 15.4 million of which 4 .0 million are in poverty representing 25.7% .The
single fathers are 6.4 million of which 0.8 million are in poverty representing 12.4% poverty rate.
Step 5
Identify the health facilities and calculate the child mortality
Figure 3.0The map shows the percentageof children under the age of 18years whose families liver
the poverty distribution threshold

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Figure 4.0 The graph represents the child mortality for the under 1years and 1-19 years over the
past 50 years
The graph that represents under the age of 1 year show that the infant mortality has dropped
significantly over the past 50 years and it continues to until its less 100 infants per 10,000deaths in
the States. Whereas the age bracket of 1-19 years also has shown decline over the years showing
that the state has put in place proper health and nutrition programs to avoid at all cost infant
mortality and targeting zero mortality rates.
Step 6
Identify educational facilities and calculate the population schooling and attending schooling
programs.
Table 3.0 The table shows the data for school attendees in America

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The table shows the number of learned of people because education in a given state directly impacts
the poverty levels the table above shows that 219.8 million people in America are learned while
22.2 million of this elite are living in poverty which is a representation of 10.1%
Figure 5.0 the graph presents school attendance from the4th grade to Doctoral degree and no
school completed.
The graph shows that the USA has a high number of high school graduate more than 25 million
compared to other levels of education. The 4th has the lowest level of attendees of less than 2
million. And around 1 million Americans have not completed their schooling.
Step 7
Identify and enumerate the living standards of people living in the metropolitan and rural areas

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Table 4.0 the table shows the working and non working population in USA
The living standards of a state are relied on the working population in relation to the non working
population. Out of 109.7 million full time working Americans 2.4 million Americans are in poverty
representing 2.2 % . Out of 45.9 million of Americans not working 14.1 million are in poverty
representing 13.5%.
Step 8
Comparison of the national income to extreme poverty lines

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Figure 6.0 The map shows national income and state and local tax in all states of USA.
Figure 7.0 The graph represents income in USA in relation to poverty levels
The above graph represents the real median income over the years, showing that the poverty has
dropped over the years which has led to growth of real median income in the USA from$ 15,000-

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$25,000. This shows that poverty affects greatly the national income. The lower the poverty rate the
more the national income to the state. The government main national income is generated through
taxes, the map in figure 6.0 above has shown how the taxation rates for both the local and state are
distributed across the states and how they are burden to the citizens.
Discussion
In this study it clear that poverty level are high and have to be dealt with to enable eradicate
poverty, it’s true that education goes hand in hand with of eradication of poverty. The American
that leave under the poverty threshold is alarming and there is a need for the government to
introduce programs that create employment opportunities and reduce the heavy tax burden that has
made most of the people to sigh away from working both for the private and public sector. (U.S.,
2011)
The urban areas have clearly shown that the people living under the poverty threshold in the area of
study the USA, is a bit low as compared to those living in rural areas because in the rural areas the
opportunities are rarely that the engage themselves in economic activities that can generate quick
revenue.
The Age bracket is also key here where in the study we found out that the age bracket clearly shown
that the 65years and above are secured from poverty lines by the government through the provision
of Medicare, pension schemes and social security fund. The Under 18 years who fall under the
poverty distribution threshold is a bit higher in USA , this implies that the government has to
introduce implement and policies and programs that enhance the youth to earn income so that to
eradicate poverty till 2030.
The national income is a critical factor that can’t be left out, in this study we found out that both the
working and non working class fall under the poverty distribution threshold. This is because those
who are working aren’t paid well, what they earn is too low this makes them struggle to pay their
bills. This means that the lower the number of those working the lower the national income. Hence
the government has to ensure it provides job opportunities for the youth, this will led to growth in
the national income as more people take part economic activities that will led to revenue generation
and circulation which will led to the growth of the economy through high national income
collections. (Garcia, 2011)
The infant mortality has been a serious issue in the past years this deals with the health and the
nutrition, when the government has put to place the best healthcare service s in place, the best
nutrition this will led to a health population hence low mortality rates. The government has shown
great effort in that now in every 10,000 deaths we have less than five children less the age of years
and below five years, this is in line to ensure that there are no more child dying at birth and even
below 10 years. Study has played a significant role in understanding the poverty levels in the USA.
Recommendation
Our study has shown that we the young generation suffering from the harsh teeth of poverty and
quick measures have to be taken to help the young generation that is languishing in poverty, Those
who are from single families , the federal government has to introduce programs that will enable
this single families and the young age to earn income to support their families, This is through the
securing programs that can only be accessed by single family parents and the young who live under
the poverty distribution threshold. (Kathryn Edin, 2015)This programs will enable this family to

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earn extra income, this will enable them supplement their needs and pay their bills such as
electricity, water, sanitation and fuel.
The national income has been adversely been affected by the poverty lines, because of high poverty
lines, the national income highly depends on the number of people who live above the poverty
distribution threshold, the more the number of people who live under the poverty distribution
threshold the less national income that the government can generate, this can be done only through
the creation of government tax policies that are favorable to the survival of business. This will
encourage more of the impoverished and poor American citizenry to engage themselves in
economic activities that’s will earn them income to propel them to be over the poverty distribution
threshold as a result it will led to increased national income in the area of study.
Conclusion
In conclusion the poverty in America is an issue that with proper measures and creation of
favorable environment economic policies that can shield small business enterprises, from unhealthy
competition from the large established enterprises. More security programs should be put to place to
protect the young as the elderly are given social security programs in the USA. More research
should be conducted to find proper nutritional food that will enable the citizens to have a health life,
and live longer and free from diseases, this will enable the citizens to spend less on medical bills
when they are less prone to diseases (OECD, 2011). This will enable to eradicate poverty as more
of the income is spend on education and other bills, leading to happy citizenry, higher national
incomes, health and educated citizenry till the 2030.
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