2 PUBLIC HEALTH Part 1 Community health service is a facility that provides patient care within the settings of a community. Although a community health service is designed to help a community, there are members of the community who do no use the facilities. There are a number of ways to determine those who use publicly funded healthcare, those who do not and the reasons behind each community member’s preference. One of the ways is to find out the demographic characteristics through a telephone survey. This model is a type of survey method which gathers data from a certain population generally or from a targeted population. Anyone from the population can participate in the data collection once they agree to be respondents. This paper will focus on the contact of two groups, those who use the community healthcare service and those who do not and the methods used to identify and contact them. How to Identify and Contact these Two Groups These two groups can be identified through observation which involves taking note of what is happening. Being a participant observer by using the local community health service can be helpful in giving a deeper understanding of how the facility functions. After observing, these two groups can be contacted through phone calls. The information used to select these participants can be obtained from medical records used in the public-funded health facility (Sutton and Austin, 2015). Additionally, administrative and billing data can be used to give information about each of the patients that have been treated in public healthcare and the services they received. Participants can also be selected through interviews which a common data collection method in research.
3 PUBLIC HEALTH Compared to other methods, observation is the simplest method of data collection as it requires little or no technical skills. It also has a higher degree of accuracy compared to other methods like interviews that rely on data from the participant. However, data may be inaccurate since people may change or act differently when they notice they are being observed. This gives data that lacks reliability. Medical records give complete information on patient care. On the other hand, the structure of the medical records does not ensure that all relevant information of the patient is recorded thus some important information might be missing. The data in the administrative record is complete and comprehensive. However, administrative data lacks the detail of the medical record. Interviews are a convenient method since those that cannot read and write can take part. However, interviews are considered costly and time-consuming. Description of the sampling method The sampling method which will be used is quota sampling. This method involves the classification of the population by characteristics, for instance, gender. Several units are subsequently selected for completion of each quota (Taherdoost, 2016). In recruiting participants, a number of steps will be used. First, there will be long term interaction with the participants and the area prior to recruitment which increases the success of the recruitment. Also, there would be an understanding of the behaviors and differences of prospective participants. This will be useful in understanding the view of the participants about the cost and benefit of participation in research. Moreover, there would be the use of online advertising through sites such as Facebook ads and hanging notices in public places targeting potential participants (Gelinas, Pierce, Winkler, Cohen, Lynch and Bierer, 2017). Using this approach can have limitations for people without access to social media. Again, interaction with future participants can be time-consuming.
4 PUBLIC HEALTH Research is an important aspect of society. Not only does research generate knowledge and ideas but also revise existing information and replace it with the current one. Identification of the participants and contacting them is an important process of research and useful in determining how successful research can be. High-quality research is important in producing information which can be used outside of the area the research was conducted.
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5 PUBLIC HEALTH References Gelinas, L., Pierce, R., Winkler, S., Cohen, I. G., Lynch, H. F., & Bierer, B. E. (2017). Using social media as a research recruitment tool: Ethical issues and recommendations.The American Journal of Bioethics,17(3), 3-14. Sutton, J., & Austin, Z. (2015). Qualitative research: Data collection, analysis, and management.The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy,68(3), 226. Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; How to choose a sampling technique for research.
6 PUBLIC HEALTH Part 2 1.What is your name? _______________ 2.What is your gender?☐Male☐Female(Please tick whichever applies) 3.What is your age? _________________ (In years) 4.What is your marital status? (Please tick whichever applies) a)☐Single b)☐Married c)☐Divorced d)☐Widowed e)☐Separated 5.Do you frequently visit the local community health service?☐Yes☐No If yes why? And If no why? _______________________________ 6.When you attend the local healthcare facility are you attended to immediately or do you have to wait for long? _____________________ 7.How are the services in the local community healthcare? ☐Excellent ☐Very Good ☐Good ☐Average ☐Poor ☐Very poor
7 PUBLIC HEALTH 8.Would you recommend anyone from the community or from outside to attend the facility for healthcare? ______________________________ 9.What would you recommend to be changed in the healthcare service? _______________________ 10.What other sectors of the community health service would you want changes to be done on?