Anthropology: Children and Youth Studies

This document discusses various topics related to Anthropology of Children and Youth Studies such as ideas about infants and personhood, studying children and youth in the 21st century, children and migration, transnational mobility, children’s work, child labour, and sibling and peer interactions.

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Table of Contents
Becoming a person: ideas about infants and personhood................................................................2
Studying children and youth in the 21st century..............................................................................3
Children and migration....................................................................................................................4
Transnational mobility.....................................................................................................................5
Children’s work; child labour..........................................................................................................6
Amongst themselves: sibling and peer interactions.........................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8

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Becoming a person: ideas about infants and personhood
Answer 1
According to Howell, the Chewong community gives a suitable name to their babies without
conducting any ceremony (Howell, 2015). The name could be better stated by the father or the
mother of the child based on their own decision or from whom they have received it in a dream.
No differences are made among female and male names. Becomes popular among the name
given by the father or the mother over the Chewong settlements. After the child is given a
suitable name he or she is integrated within the community.
Answer 2
The concept of ruwai adversely affects the eyes of children that makes them view the world
spinning or upside down. It also results in the weakness of the links that lead to manifested and
disequilibrium in illness. This makes the children much more ill as compared to adults.
Answer 3
As per Howell, a child is considered to be an embryonic one rather than a human being, and the
process continues after marriage and after the first child is born. She says that once this stage is
fulfilled, a Chewong is regarded as a human being.
Answer 4
Howell did fieldwork in the Malay Peninsular with the Chewong in order to investigate
regarding social anthropologists in Britain. She collected relevant data by listening carefully to
the admonishments of the boisterous behaviour of children’s. She realized that overgenerous
behavior of any particular is considered as a human being. Therefore, the data helped Howell to
study the concept of Chewong that means to be human behaviour.
Answer 5
I am highly interested in the Chewong concept that determines appropriate human behaviour and
refers to individuals as an independent agent that is shaped by outside influences.

3
Studying children and youth in the 21st century
Answer 1
The researchers used the body mapping method for their project as it is a tool that helps in
exploring sexual decision making and sexual health among young people between the age group
of 16-25. This method helped in involving young people to discuss general health issues.
Answer 2
The locations used for collecting data is problematic as it was not a safe environment for
discussing the issues related to sexual health and did not enrich the quality of data.
Answer 3
One of the obstacle the researchers observed while collecting data is the fear of stigma and the
feelings of shame among the young youths that restricted them to discuss regarding the issues
related to sexual health (Chenhall et al., 2013).
Answer 4
While researching the issue, Chenhall took the help of sexual health case scenarios that is
determined to be an efficient way to explore and gather sensitive and relevant information. He
also used visual body maps along with different methodological approaches to collect
appropriate data.
Answer 5
The thing that interested me the most in this text is the appropriate use of scenarios related to
sexual health case that helped in providing adequate data about sexual health-related issues.

4
Children and migration
Answer 1
In the study, Butcher argues that migrant youth use new forms of language to navigate belonging
and differences among generations and communities. The new forms of language are used to
express the feelings of affiliation among the youth migrant.
Answer 2
For example, the migrant youth who lives in Western Sydney uses their language to create
boundaries of exclusion and inclusion towards the language of their parents.
Answer 3
Shifting vocabularies and meanings
It means to identify and track the changes that take place in vocabulary and meaning to explain a
specific idea or concept. It emphasizes creating concepts as per changes in the meaning of the
words.
Identity bifurcation
Identity bifurcation is determined to be a response for frightening the stereotypes within a
particular domain.
Answer 4
Burcher used qualitative interviews for collecting data that were analyzed using the framework
of deployment of language with social context and power. The data helped in gathering
appropriate information regarding the attitudes of the second generation migration youth within
Western Sydney (Butcher, 2008).
Answer 5
The text helped in understanding and analyzing the Australian culture along with the language
and vocabularies used by the migrant youth to express their feelings, belongings and differences.

5
Transnational mobility
Answer 1
In this paper, Olwig stated that the Caribbean care chain helps in reinforcing and creating a
transnational, regional and local network of interpersonal relations. She revealed the fact that the
Caribbean care chain has been developed from varying social households and domains.
Answer 2
The different forms of child mobility discussed within the article is young adult migration that
occurs due to domestic work that develops informal inter-personal social relations (Fog Olwig,
2012). Moreover, wage labour migration is another form that happens because of the
transformation and extension of child migration.
Answer 3
In the story of the Smith family, the three factors that shaped the experiences of the children's are
explicit and planned interventions, unplanned influences and implicit assumptions. All these
factors helped the children’s to increase their aspirations and also helped in motivating and
encouraging them. It also helped the children’s in gaining an understanding of education and
work values.
Answer 4
Olwig analyzed the issue of mobility through fieldwork with individuals from Leeward Island of
Nevis. She also conducted life story interviews with the people those who have young adults and
children and who are involved in physical mobility. Therefore, the interviews helped Olwig to
gain accurate data related to Caribbean care chain.
Answer 5
This particular article analyzed the concept of children's mobility, which attracted me the most as
it helped me in gaining information about the integral factors of Caribbean communities.

6
Children’s work; child labour
Answer 1
Based on the analysis of Amigo the prohibition of child labour in Lombok, Indonesia may create
a negative impact on economic factors and lives of children, families and local communities. It
will directly put an impact on the profitability of the organization that will affect the
communities to a huge level.
Answer 2
According to Amigo household strategies is determined to be a concept that considers the agency
and motivation of actors within the community. She also stated that it is a method of analysis that
focuses on different economies of household behaviour instead of individuals.
Answer 3
Within the article, the children were described as the individuals who have not experienced
adolescence. Thus they are considered to be the adults after adolescence. The children were
described as a cheaper labour force as they are regarded as more submissive and obedient
(Amigó, 2010). The articles discuss a few of the children's agency that helps the children to save
their money such as arisan and Dasan Paok’s primary school.
Answer 4
Amigo used ethnographic fieldwork to collect data regarding the economic engagement of the
children’s in the cultivation of Tobacco within the eastern region of Lombok, Indonesia. The
fieldwork helped Amigo to gain an understanding of children’s paid work in the cultivation and
address the tension among the system and children’s agency.
Answer 5
Within the article, the thing that attracted me the most is the use of three dimensions of economic
lives by Amigo such as individual lives, household strategies as well as the local economy.

7
Amongst themselves: sibling and peer interactions
Answer 1
According to Davies, the relationship among the wider society and sub-culture of the Kenyan
street children is the bodily actions, language, dress, activities, games and spatial understandings.
He argued that the subculture of the street children empowers them with a degree of agency,
whereas the bonds of common understanding help in creating a powerful group support network.
Answer 2
Life on the streets can be empowering to the Kenyan children as it helps them to experience
stability and quality of life that demonstrates the effectiveness of shared strategies of an
interventionist (Davies, 2008). However, it also empowered the children to develop a spatial
domain that enables them to act upon the limitations of the adult world freely.
Answer 3
Davies describes the specific kind of interactions among the street children such as a well-
defined structure that includes close economic and personal relationships and leadership. The
interaction between the street children is done through dialogue to empower them to explore the
preferences available to them. The street children in Kenya interacted with the help of shared
experiences that help them to share their basic understanding of the community members.
Answer 4
The data presented within the article were collected by Amigo through the initial phase of
fieldwork during July and August 2003 in Makutano with the Prokot Educational and
Development Project (PEDP) and with the locally associated NGO. The second phase of
fieldwork was conducted during January and May 2006. Thus, the data were collected by
informally asking questions.
Answer 5
The particular thing within the article that attracted me the most is the discussion regarding the
complexities of the cultural and social lives of the street children’s in Makutano, Kenya.

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References
Amigó, M.F., 2010. Small bodies, large contribution: Children's work in the tobacco plantations
of Lombok, Indonesia. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 11(1), pp.34-51.
Butcher, M., 2008. FOB Boys, VCs and Habibs: Using language to navigate difference and
belonging in culturally diverse Sydney. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 34(3), pp.371-
387.
Chenhall, R., Davison, B., Fitz, J., Pearse, T. and Senior, K., 2013. Engaging Youth in Sexual
Health Research: Refining a “Youth Friendly” Method in the N orthern T erritory, A
ustralia. Visual Anthropology Review, 29(2), pp.123-132.
Davies, M., 2008. A childish culture? Shared understandings, agency and intervention: An
anthropological study of street children in northwest Kenya. Childhood, 15(3), pp.309-330.
Fog Olwig, K., 2012. The care chain, children's mobility and the Caribbean migration
tradition. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 38(6), pp.933-952.
Howell, S., 2015. From child to human: Chewong concepts of self. Acquiring culture: Cross-
cultural studies in child development, pp.147-68.