1 By student name Professor University Date: 25 April 2018. 1|P a g e
2 Contents Question 1...................................................................................................................................................3 Question 2...................................................................................................................................................3 Question 5...................................................................................................................................................4 Question 6...................................................................................................................................................5 Question 7...................................................................................................................................................5 Question 8...................................................................................................................................................6 Multiple Choice...........................................................................................................................................7 References...................................................................................................................................................8 2|P a g e
3 Question 1 In the below mentioned table the management assertions have been listed alongside the audit objectives while the accounts receivable is being audited by the auditors for the balance due from the customer on each of the balance sheet date. Specific Audit ObjectiveManagement Assertion There are no unrecorded receivableThisrelatestothemanagementassertionof completeness in recording of the transactions in the books. Receivableshavenotbeensoldor discounted Here the assertion is with respect to the valuation and allocation of the sales(Chron, 2017). Uncollectible accounts have been provided for. This again relates to completeness of accounting of collections.Also,thevaluationalsoneedstobe checked in this scenario. Receivables that have become uncollected have been written off. Themanagementassertionwhichisinvolvedis valuation and allocation of the receivables. All accounts on the list are expected to be collected within one year. This relates to the assertion that whether the right to receiveandrecordhasbeenestablishedbythe company. Thus, it relates to “rights and obligations” Any agreement or condition that restricts thenatureofthetradereceivablesis known and disclosed. Here the management assertion involved related to the aspect of disclosure and presentation of the trade receivables in the financial statements. All accounts on the list arose from the normal course of business and are not due from related parties This again relates to the rights and obligations of the company to record the third party sales in the books of accounts(Alexander, 2016). Sales cut off at year end is properThis relates to the management assertion of proper valuation of the sales to be recorded as cut off entry. Question 2 In the given case, the partial audit program of the cash receipts of the Grapevine Company has been given basis, which the given questions have been answered: a.For the above mentioned case, the attribute of sampling can be used for all the audit procedures namely the tracing of the entries of cash receipts in the cash receipts journal, the presence of the customer name, date and amount in the cash journal, the remittance advice and approval of cash discounts, the deposit slips. However, procedure 1, which relates to reviewing of the cash receipts journal for large and unusual transactions cannot be carried out through sampling, it can be best done through 100% review of the cash receipts journal as it comes under the ambit of analytical procedures(Kachelmeier, Schmidt, & Valentine, 2018). 3|P a g e
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4 b.The primary emphasis or the management assertion about the above test of sampling will be on the line item basis or the date on which the prelisting of the cash receipts was being prepared. In case the audit procedure 2 and 5 is being focused, then we can see that the primary emphasis is on completeness in recording of the transactions. In case the prelisting of the cash receipts is being verified, then all the other audit procedures can be conducted effectively and efficiently. c.The sampling unit for each of the audit procedure has been listed below: Audit Procedure Appropriate Sampling Unit 2To check if all the cash receipts have been appropriately recorded in the cash receipts journal. 3The name of the customer, the date and the amount should be same and equal in the prelisting and the cash receipts journal(Goldmann, 2016). 4To check if all the cash discounts which have been allowed have been approved. 5To check if the cash which has been included in the prelisting was there in the deposit slip as well. d.The exceptions which would indicate that the operating control is not working effectively has been shown below: 1.The name of the Customer, the date and the amount of the transaction does not matches to that which has been listed in the cash receipts journal. 2.Cash discounts have been given to the customer and have been availed by the customers but the same has not been approved(Choy, 2018). Question 5 In the following case, the type of the audit evidence and the management assertion has been specified against each of the case studies: Sl. No.Type of Audit evidenceManagement Assertion 1Theauditorshouldcheckonthe collectability ratio of the past years and the confirmationofthebalancesfromthe debtors. The management assertion here relates to if thevaluationof the debtors has been done correctly and whether the right to record the receivables has been established. 2Theauditevidencesherewillbethe shipping bills and the amount recorded in the sales journal(Raiborn, Butler, & Martin, 2016). The management assertion here will be the completenessin recording of transactions. 3The physical stock count sheet and the inventory records in the system. Existenceofthephysicalinventoryinthe warehouse compared to what is reflected as per records. 4TheSalesinvoicesinthechronologicalThecompletenessinrecordingofallthe 4|P a g e
5 order and the sales journal listing.transactions in the sales journal would be the assertion here. 5The signature and the date and time on the document stated(Jefferson, 2017). Existenceof the inventory with the company. 6The approval regarding the withdrawal and thedepositofthepettycashandthe frequency of the same. Theaccuracy and completenessin recording of the petty cash amount. Question 6 The management assertion with respect to the given situations and the most persuasive evidence in this regard has been stated below: Sl. No.Management AssertionMost persuasive and why? 1(a)Valuationandexistenceofthe creditors as on the given date The most persuasive evidence in this regard would be the balance confirmation from the creditors or vendors as it would help in checking both balances as well as payments. 1(b)Completeness in recording of the transaction of payment to vendors and suppliers. 2(a)Completenessinrecordingof transactions The bank reconciliation statement would be the most conclusive evidence in this regard as it would help in reconciling both the year end bank balance with the client’s banking institution and the bank statement of the client. 2(b)Whether the cut off entries have beenpassedaccurately(Kew& Stredwick, 2017). 3(a)The existence of inventory in the warehouse needs to be checked. The most persuasive evidence in this regard would be the physical inventory records and the register in which the inventory in and out is being recorded and to reconcile the same with the system records. 3(b)Theaccuracyintheprocessof client’s count of existing inventory needs to be checked and evaluated. Question 7 In the given case, Alana, a NSNG employee has been reconciling the bank statement with the cash records but since she has not been taught how to do so, she has been doing it incorrectly for last 2 years. In order to determine whether it is a control weakness and if the same is material, the auditor would first check on its likelihood and the magnitude and frequency(Lessambo, 2018).The event would be significant or material only in case the likelihood of the event is probable or reasonably possible. In the given case, the deficiency in control is quite probably prima facie, as the auditor also knows that the requisite control has not been exercised for last 2 years. Once the likelihood has been established, the auditor will now check on the magnitude of the misstatement. A misstatement is considered material, 5|P a g e
6 individual or in aggregate only if it has, the ability to change the decision of the economic users or else it would be considered immaterial. A case where the chances are remote or less and the magnitude is low then the same would be insignificant deficiency(Heminway, 2017). Significant deficiency is the situation when there is a reasonable possibility of the misstatement but it is also known that the same is not material but significant. Finally, material weakness is a situation where there is a significant deficiency as well as the possibility of the misstatements is high as well as material. As per the above definitions, the given case falls in the category of “material weakness”. Question 8 In the given case, three CPAs namely Mary, Maria, & Mariah have decided to use Monetary Unit Sampling to do the audit of Tom Music Store and its receivables accounts. It is also called probability- proportional-to-size or dollar-unit sampling, to determine the accuracy of financial accounts. The following is the calculation: 1.Ratio of expected to tolerable misstatement = 37500/150000 = 25% Tolerable misstatement as a percentage of the population = 150000/2500000 = 6% The sample size would therefore be 37500 and the sampling interval would be 66.67, which is nearly 67. 2.The following table gives the output: Recorded AmountAudit AmountUnderstatement/ overstatement First misstatement1500012000Overstatement – 3000 Second misstatement50001000Overstatement – 4000 Third misstatement6000050000Overstatement – 10000 3.Given the results above, all of which shows the overstatement of the accounts receivable, it shows that the company Tom Music Store has not made the fair representation of the Accounts Receivable. 4.As per the above calculations, the amount of known misstatements in the Accounts Receivable is altogether 17000 of the sample of 80000, which is near to 21.25% and is material. 6|P a g e
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7 Multiple Choice 1.D. areas that may represent specific risks relevant to the audit. 2.C. Relationships involving income statement accounts 3.C. Additional tests of details are required 4.B. Management’s disregard of its responsibility to maintain an adequate control environment. 5.A. Scanning the general journal for unusual entries 6.B. The absence of misstatements in financial statements is considered evidence that the existing controls are effective. 7.D. A requirement that management of the publicly traded company issues an assessment regarding the efficiency of internal control for the year. 8.C. Qualified Opinion 9.D. Is comprised of audits of internal control over financial reporting and of financial statements 10.A. Affect the financial statement assertions 11.B. Creates a commitment for competence 12.A. Increased implementation of substantive audit procedures 13.B. Observation and Inquiry 14.C. Timing of substantive procedures from year-end to an interim date. 7|P a g e
8 References Alexander, F. (2016). The Changing Face of Accountability.The Journal of Higher Education, 71(4), 411- 431. Choy, Y. K. (2018). Cost-benefit Analysis, Values, Wellbeing and Ethics: An Indigenous Worldview Analysis.Ecological Economics, 145. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.08.005 Chron. (2017).five-common-features-internal-control-system-business. Retrieved december 07, 2017, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-common-features-internal-control-system-business- 430.html Goldmann, K. (2016). Financial Liquidity and Profitability Management in Practice of Polish Business. Financial Environment and Business Development, 4(3), 103-112. Heminway, J. (2017). Shareholder Wealth Maximization as a Function of Statutes, Decisional Law, and Organic Documents.SSRN, 1-35. Jefferson, M. (2017). Energy, Complexity and Wealth Maximization, R. Ayres. Springer, Switzerland . Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 353-354. Kachelmeier, S., Schmidt, J., & Valentine, K. (2018). The disclaimer effect of disclosing critical audit matters in the auditor’s report.SSRN, 2(1), 1-39. Kew, J., & Stredwick, J. (2017).Business Environment: Managing in a Strategic Context(second ed.). London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Lessambo, F. (2018). Audit Risks: Identification and Procedures.Auditing, Assurance Services, and Forensics, 3(1), 183-202. Raiborn, C., Butler, J., & Martin, K. (2016). The internal audit function: A prerequisite for Good Governance.Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, 28(2), 10-21. 8|P a g e