A Journal of Comparative and International Education

Running Head: EVALUATIONS & REFLECTIONS ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
EVALUATIONS & REFLECTIONS ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
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1EVALUATIONS & REFLECTIONS ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Topic 1
Globalisation has made the world trade highly flexible and effective enough that the current
business practices are no longer practices over particular market. According to the research of
Akteruzzaman and Islam Islam (2017) it can be stated that the advent of globalisation facilitates a new
trend of business where the big business companies are involved in importing and exporting business. For
instance, Apple Inc. is strategically shifted its manufacturing to the overseas market in order to reduce the
costs and improve efficiencies. From the research of Schrepfer, M. (2019) it can be derived that many
of the upstream components of Apple Inc. are manufactured in China and South East Asia. The major
reason behind such measure is the cheap labour cost and highly skilled workforce. Most of the Apple
products are manufactured abroad and only assembled in US. In response to this, it is important to
understand the theoretical perspective of globalisation. Haller (2016) advocated that globalisation refers
to the process of doing business in the international market. However, there are plenty of important
aspects that the business companies must face in order to establish business internationally. One of the
major reason behind such initiative is the high market competitiveness. Therefore, concepts like
innovation and creativity in business is pertinent for the business organisations to survive in the
competitive market. Moreover, the customer loyalty and band image are also major concerns for the
successful business houses so that it can expand the business further.
Globalisation in Apple Inc is a prolonged process that the organisation is followed for many
years. In July, 2013 (Clarke& Boersma 2020), Apple opened around 413 stores in 13 countries with
online stores available in 38 countries. The global sales of Apple was increased to $16 billion in the
financial year of 2014. As a leading creating corporation, the profitability margin did not satisfy the
appetite of Apple and the organisation pursued for new strategies to expand business with high
profitability. The operations of Apple was a marvel that found out the opportunity to manufacture the
Apple products in overseas market where cheap labour is available. As a result of that entering into the
Chinese market was one of the big strategic win for Apple to reduce the cost of operation by
manufacturing the products in Foxconn labs. It means Apple systematically used the global supply chain
to reduce its production costs. On the other hand, the total export value of Apple is $215 million
approximately. Therefore, a huge profit has been earned by Apple by using the global import and export
channels. From the research of Lo Dolce amd Ryan (2016) it can be seen that the maximum export of
Apple products are in Germany importing 8.8% of the total Apple exports. The findings are also showed a
high purchasing rate can be seen in the global market where 59.2% of the Apple products are exported
through different supply channels in the financial year of 2018. However, the Brexit issue also damages

2EVALUATIONS & REFLECTIONS ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
the import of Apple products in UK with a decline of 20.3%. Therefore, Apple is looking for new markets
and the developing market is the most effective option for Apple. In Vietnam the market share of Apple is
increased up to 940.9% since 2014 which is really commendable. Moreover for the US-China trade war
Apple became interested to import skills and labour from the Indian market which is also identified as
relatively cheap and highly skilled in compare to other countries.
Topic 2
According to the research of rba.gov.au (2020) factor endowment constitutes labour, land,
capital and enterprise. All these factors are greatly influenced by geographic area, natural resources,
political factors and so on. From the geographical perspective it can be stated that Australia is consisted
of a vast track of almost 7,741,000 sq. km. The climate of the country is generally semiarid with a
temperate east and south and topical North. The landed region of Australia is surrounded with low plateau
in the dessert regions and the fertile plain in the south. As a result of that most of the business initiatives
are located in the fertile plains of south-east (Cia.gov, 2020). It is important to note that the nation is full
of natural resources from alumina and coal to diamonds, petroleum and natural gas. Australia is
considered to be the highest exporter of coal with 29% of the global coal export. Most of the land in
Australia is not suitable for habitat because of the extreme weather. However, from the political point of
view, the country is not so table in government but high effectiveness of the government in controlling
and monitoring business is remarkable achievement in Australia.
On the other hand, the neighbouring countries are also enjoy geographical diversities abundant of
natural resources. From the political point of view, there are turmoil and different political interests are
affected the political discourses in the neighbouring countries. For instance, in China and India a
continuous political struggle and corruption can damage the business and trade practice to a great extent.
As a result of that it becomes a threat for the foreign companies to expand business further in the
neighbouring countries of Australia. Moreover, in Vietnam lack of economic stability can create a serious
threat.
The factor endowment clearly reflects the trade pattern in Australia. For instance, the government
effectiveness and monitoring practice boost the business environment where the small and medium scale
companies are also get the motivation to do business in associated with the giant companies. Moreover, it
can be stated that the abundant natural resources help Australia to gain strategic advantage in the
competitive market. Therefore, in the global trade, Australia clearly reflects in confidence positively. In
compare to the Asian neighbouring market, it can be stated that there are potential importance of
Australia due to its transparency in business and trade. The trade law and the consume protection acts