Atherosclerosis is one of the most common cardiovascular disease

Running head: ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Atherosclerosis
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1ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Atherosclerosis is one of the most common cardiovascular disease throughout the
world. It is caused by the deposition of cholesterol inside the arteries of the vein resulting in
narrowing of area. The deposition transforms into plague overtime with macrophages,
calcium, and cholesterol. Stroke or heart attack occurs when these plague breaks allowing the
blood to pass through it, which leads to clotting of the blood inside the artery. The symptoms
of this sclerosis depend upon the arteries which it get affected. The types of arteries are
carotid, kidney. The diagnosis of this disease can be done by blood tests, physical
examination, ultrasound, and CT scan. This disease can be treatment changing lifestyle,
medication like statins which lowers the cholesterol level of the body and finally angioplasty.
Mitochondria are the site associated with the production of reactive oxygen species.
Accumulation of the damaged mitochondrial DNA, impairment of respiratory function is also
involved in this state because of production of stress condition in the body (Yu, Mercer and
Bennett, 2012). The dysfunction occurs due to hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolemia and
also hypertriglyceridemia and also aging process of the body (Peng et al. 2019). Excessive
production of reactive oxygen species leads to the devastation of the pancreatic cells,
increased oxidation of lipoprotein and also impairment of the endothelial cells causes
atherosclerosis. Normal mitochondria functions are required for the vascular cell growth,
abnormal functions leads to apoptosis, preferring plaque rupture. Flow restrictive plaque
separation leads to myocardial infraction and damage. Mitochondrial dysfunction elevates the
AMP/ATP which activates the AMPK signalling increasing the catabolism and inhibiting the
anabolic process, all these things are highly related with heart disease due to stress of the
body leading to atherosclerosis.

2ATHEROSCLEROSIS
References
Peng, W., Cai, G., Xia, Y., Chen, J., Wu, P., Wang, Z., Li, G. and Wei, D., 2019.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. DNA and cell biology, 38(7), pp.597-606.
Yu, E., Mercer, J. and Bennett, M., 2012. Mitochondria in vascular disease. Cardiovascular
research, 95(2), pp.173-182.