Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development Explained Pdf 2022

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MODULE 3
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 6
Lesson 6
1. Read more about Piaget’s stages of cognitive development and
analyze the implications of teaching students at each stage of
development. Use a matrix in presenting your answers.
Stage Educational Implication
Sensorimotor A focus on methods of children’s thinking and their
understanding in the process they use to solve any answer.
Pre-operational Recognition of crucial role of children’s self- initiated, active
involvement in learning activities.
Concrete
Operational
An emphasis on practices that have been aimed to make
children adult like in their thinking
Formal Operational Acknowledgment and acceptance of individual differences in
the developmental process.
2. Do we all reach the fourth stage – formal operational thinking? Cite
your own personal experiences and acquaintances with people who
may or may not have reached the 4th stage of cognitive
development. What are the factors that may limit formal operational
thinking?
The final stage in Piaget’s developmental framework of children is what is known as Formal Operational
Stage. In this stage, the adolescents acquire the ability to think abstractly without any dependence of
concrete manipulation. Children with down syndrome often find difficulty in abstract thinking. They do
not understand what they have not expereinced. For instance, they can understand the difference
between leaf and stem of a particular plant only if they see that plant. Factors such as stunted cogitive
growth and learning disabilities limit formal operational thinking in adolescents.
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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
7
Lesson 7
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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES:
1. What do you think are best ways to guide students in developing
better memory and study strategies. Make your individual list of
strategies (5) for children and adolescents at different grade levels
and discuss their effectiveness.
Level Study Strategies Memory Enhancers Effectiveness
Pre-school Reading and writing
down letters in a word
seperately.
Engaging in active
reading of the chapters
with word cards
Active reading and word
cards would help kids
keep information in the
mind for long.
Elementary Having the child teach
the tutors
Having the child teach
the tutor with colors,
diagrams and boards
Being able to explain
how to do something by
the child will make the
tutor understand the
developmental
parameters of the child.
High School Using checklists and to
do lists for the study
tasks
Ask the students to
make checklists for
their tasks and stick to
it.
Making checklists would
enhance the memory of
the students by helping
them keep information
of important tasks to be
done in the mind for
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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
8
Lesson 8
long.
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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES
1. Suppose you are a teacher and you will be presenting to your class a
topic of your choice (could be in Science, Math, your field of
specialization:
a. Prepare an advance organizer for your presentation of this
topic.
As i am specialized in history, i would like to provide an advance organizer
for the study of “Prehistoric civilization” for the students of fifth standard.
The advance organizer would be provided hereafter.
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Who are Prehistoric humans?
How did they look like?
What did they eat?
Did they go to school? What did they do the whole day?
What was their hobbies?
Where did they vanish? Who searches for their remains? What are the
people who search for them are called? What do they do?
b. Describe how you will present the new lesson to class using
this advance organizer.
I will incorporate pictures and videos along with the questions that i have
written in the advanced organizer to present the new lesson on prehistory
and prehistoric civilization in the class. The usage of audio visuals along
with simple written answers with beautiful fonts and backgroud color will
help the students remain captivated in the lesson, derive inquisitiveness
and learn better.
2. Compare and contrast Bruner’s and Ausubel’s views about teaching
and learning. Which do you think is more effective: discovery
learning or reception learning/expository teaching? Defend your
answer. You may cite your own experiences to elucidate your
answers.
Bruner (1961) talks about the aim of teaching and education which would
give rise to autonomous thinkers. While on the other hand, Ausubel’s
learning theory talks about how individuals learn about different theories
and aspects through verbal, textual and graphical representations in
school settings. In today’s world, discovery learning is more effective and
important. Students should learn to learn by themselves and question
everything to be completely analytical in their approach.
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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
9
Lesson 9
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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES
1. In your personal experiences as a teacher/employee/employer, how
is social constructivism applied to your classroom/workplace. Cite
concrete examples to illustrate your answer.
As an experieced teacher, i think social constructivism works most
importantly in classroom settings. The students tend to understand
and learn about different aspects, theories and ideas in the class
while interacting with their peers and teachers and studying in the
class itself.
2. What may be the implications of social constructivism in the
teaching and learning experience?
In teaching and learning experiences, students talk to each other to gain
different perspectives from each other. Students interact with their
teachers along with the books and lessons they learn to understand the
intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the subjects.
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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
10
Lesson 10
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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES
1. Read more on the Nine Phases of Learning using other references
(online materials or books). Give concrete examples of these phases
which you think is being done/applied in a real classroom setting.
Phase Example (Real-life/actual classroom encounters)
Gaining
attention
Teachers shouting “Attention class” to gain attention
of the students
Informing
learners of
the
objectives
Telling students what they would be gaining after the
class is over or the lesson is learnt
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Stimulate
prior
learning
Asking the students to use previous experiences to
relate to the content
Present
the
stimulus
Using white papers, infographics, diagrams to present
the content to the learners
Provide
learning
guidance
Scenario based questions/ multiple choice quiz to guide
the students through learning
Elicit
performan
ce
Going round the class and asking questions based on
what have just been taught
Provide
feedback
Communicating the students how they can improve in
their lessons
Assess
performan
ce
Scenario based quizzes are a great way to check if the
students have retained the information they have been
given or not
Enhance
retention
and
transfer
Putting the students in the shoes of the teacher and
asking them to re-teach the whole curriculum in their
own way.
2. Compare cognitive constructivism with social constructivism. Point
out the strong points and weak points of each theory in relation to
the teaching-learning process.
Cognitive constructivism proposes that learning is a dynamic process by which
learners actively construct knowledge by creating and testing their own theories in
the world. While social constructivism says that knowledge is socially gathered,
analyzed and constructed. Cognitive constructivism is important because it helps
the students question what they have learnt using their own intelligence. However,
it lacks in proper structure of teaching, learning and development. Social
constructivism works most importantly in classroom settings. The students tend to
understand and learn about different aspects, theories and ideas in the class while
interacting with their peers and teachers and studying in the class itself. Biggest
disadvantage of social constructivism is it does not help learners derive abstract
ideas in them.
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PERSONAL LEARNING JOURNAL
Module 3
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1. The topic/issue I particularly liked and would like to explore more is Nine
phase of learning which is important for every tutors. It has caught my
attention and interest because it has provided a different insight about
learning to me.
2. The questions I have in relation to the topics and issues are how Piget’s
developmental activities relate to the classroom developmental activities.
3. The knowledge/insights I gained from this module and the activities are how
to enhance cognition of the kindergarten, elementary and high school
students with the usage of various theories and approaches.
4. With this learning experience I intend to provide best memory boosting
exercises to the students of my class so that their retention capabilities are
enhanced and developed.
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