Cochrane Database of The Systematic Review

Running head: EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

1EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Introduction:
In the clinical setting, effective communication between the nurses as well as the patients
is vital for the successful outcome of person centred nursing care nursing care of each patient.
However, for achieving effective communication and therapeutic relationship with patient,
nursing professionals must understand their patients and provide care that reflects kindness and
sincerity (Fairburn et al., 2019). Since the year 1995, the health care homes have been
encouraged for voluntarily report all sentinel events, including unexpected occurrences of death ,
serious physical or psychological injury to the risk of subjecting to severe injury in the clinical
setting (Khan et al., 2017). The report by joint commission suggested that the root source of
sentinel event frequently found since 1995 is poor communication that subject patients to
premature death. Hence, this assignment aims to provide an in depth analysis of components of
necessary for effective interpersonal communication, importance of interpersonal
communication and collaboration, strategies to promote interpersonal collaboration, cultural
competency in following paragraphs.
Discussion:
Components necessary for effective interpersonal communication:
Interpersonal communication can be defined as the process of communicating which
facilitates the exchange of both information as well as thouhts. Considering the component of
interpersonal of the communication, the researchers on interpersonal communication address
crucial component effective interpersonal communication such as Problem solving and decision
making approach, Listening, Assertiveness and Negotiation (Chichirez & Purcărea, 2018) . In the
workplace setting like clinical setting, nursing professionals and physicians usually involve in

2EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
interpersonal communication with two or more than two individuals, especially when
communicating with the client. In this context, in order to implement effective interpersonal
communication, nursing professionals and physicians are required to involve in face to face
communication with each other and with patients along with family members (Michael et al.,
2017). In order to understand how messages are produced; how uncertainty influences
behaviour, nursing professionals are required to create an environment and use active listening
with non-judgemental approach so that patient feel comfortable. Shinners, Africa and Hawkes
(2016), suggested that in order to resolve conflict, every professional must have assertive and
negotiate approach so it the shared goal of best possible care to the patient can be achieved.
The outcome of incorporating components effective interpersonal communication in the
workplace include improved patient satisfaction, reduced rate of premature death, improved
quality of care and reduced rate of hospitalization (Bookey‐Bassett et al., 2017).
Importance of inter-professional collaboration:
The world health organization define interpersonal collaboration as a clinical practice
standard where multiple health professionals from diverse backgrounds working together with
patients, carers as well as family and communities for delivering the highest quality of care. In
this context, since interpersonal collaboration promote team based patient care and patient
safety, the importance of the interpersonal collaboration include improved patient care and
outcomes, reduced rate of medication error, faster and efficient treatment process, reduced
unnecessary health care cost, improved job satisfaction and staff relationship (Leeman, van
Koeven & Schaafsma, 2018). Hardin, Kilian and Spykerman (2017), suggested that the
emergency department where patient require immediate effective intervention, interpersonal
collaboration between various professional can improve patient and outcome since each

3EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
member of the team has unique perspective and valuable insight about patient. The
communication technologies are also effective one that facilitate effective communication
(Latham et al., 2016). In the clinical setting, lack of collaboration and communicate increases
health care cost and at this juncture, interpersonal collaboration effectively reduce preventable
drug reaction, decrease mortality rate and facilitate medication dosages (Latham et al., 2016).
Moreover, in the clinical setting, patients usually wait long time to seek consultation and
interpersonal collaboration facilitate faster effective treatment by reducing the technology and
communication gap along with health care cost. Since every professionals belong to diverse
background, interpersonal collaboration facilitate understanding of various culture which
resulted in improved staff relationship and job satisfaction (Leeman, van Koeven & Schaafsma,
2018). Hence, in order to provide best possible care to the patient, interpersonal collaboration
is crucial in the workplace like health care setting.
Application of interpersonal communication to inter-professional collaboration:
For developing effective inter-professional collaboration for providing quality of care to
patients, fundamental factor interpersonal communication. At this juncture, in order to develop
inter-professional collaboration, face to face communication with active listening skills are
essential between professional (Fatahi, 2019). For example, a patient in the cardiology
department is experiencing chest pain and require immediate intervention. In this current
context, since each professional have unique and valuable aspect regarding patients, the face
to face verbal communication with active listening will improve the quality of care without any
clinical error. Another instance of application of interpersonal communication is to resolve
conflict in the clinical setting regarding effective intervention (Englar et al., 2018). Considering
the previous example of the patient with chest pain, for treating the patient a conflict may arise

4EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
between two professional regarding Beta blockers and relaxation techniques since both of these
interventions are effective. In this case, since both professionals have their own subculture,
knowledge base, and philosophy, problem solving approach containing assertive and negotiation
skills in the clinical setting can resolve conflict and facilitate interpersonal collaboration which
will further result in faster treatment, healthy relationship between team and improved patient
outcome (Kim et al., 2017). Hence, for providing quality care in the clinical setting, nursing
professionals must incorporate these components of interpersonal communication and involve
in training to develop these communication skills.
Strategies to promote inter-professional collaboration:
Provision of the best possible care and hospital experience for the health care service
users needs coordination as well as communication between all professionals involved in a
patient’s care. This cooperative approach is defined as inter-professional collaboration, and aim
of the collaboration is to physician and nurses’ work together to manage the highest quality
care. Hence, common strategies to promote inter-professional collaboration include encourage
Participation of each professional in the clinical setting, involve in the effective communication
in each case with an aim of sharing information, acknowledging each other’s culture and
knowledge, shared decision making, effective conflict management skills, cooperative
relationships and leadership, opportunity of the multidisciplinary rounds and focusing on the
patient (Reeves et al., 2017). Encouraging professionals to participate in the intervention will
facilitate exchange of knowledge and valuable aspect will further improve inter-professional
collaboration. Involve in the effective communication, effective conflict management skills and
shared decision making resolve internal conflict between nursing professionals and physicians
or between physicians and provide opportunities to respect each other’s knowledge which in

5EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
turn promote inter-professional skills (Hendricks et al., 2018). On the other hand,
Multidisciplinary rounds are highly prominent example of inter-professional collaboration since
it enables all the team members so that they can hold discussions along with sharing crucial
information regarding the plan of care of each patients (Reeves et al., 2017). On the other hand,
leadership skills helps to share vision with each patient and focusing on the patient care which in
turn promote inter-professional collaboration for improving patient satisfaction.
Effective strategies for building inter-professional teams:
Developing inter-professional team where each individual have similar goals and vision
can be challenging but effective for improving patient centered care. In order to develop inter-
professional team, the professionals from diverse culture and diverse competencies are required
to recruit so that each professional can contribute their knowledge in the care (Kilpatrick et al.,
2019). Other effective strategies to develop inter-professional team include selecting the targets
and stakeholders for the team, setting benchmark according to the disease or health issue that
require inter-professional team, providing opportunity for direct communication and
collaboration between the stakeholders for the team, involving professionals into the progressive
scenario through simulation and educating them with inter professional education (Kilpatrick et
al., 2019). The members who will meet the criteria for inter professional team will be
incorporated in the team. The outcome would be, cross cultural relationship between
professional, improved trust and respect between professionals, improved decision making which
will result in effective care.
Cultural competencies:
Cultural competency in clinical setting define as an ability of professionals to provide
care to patients with diverse cultural values, beliefs and behaviours and in this case, professionals

6EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
must meet patients social, cultural and linguistic needs. Foronda et al. (2018), suggested that
in order to provide culturally competent care , professionals must acknowledge the importance
of culture and cultural values of patients , incorporates the assessment of cross-cultural relations,
recognizes the potential impact of cultural differences, acquire cultural knowledge and adapt
skills to meet culturally unique needs. Hence, for developing cultural competency skills,
professionals of the inter-professional team are required to involve in the training and
workshops, involve culturally competent disease management program, involve in the
community of diverse culture (Kohlbry, 2016). The organization can embrace cultural
competency through diverse cultural curriculum.
Conclusion:
On a concluding note, it can be said that effective communication between the nurses as
well as the patients is vital for the effective outcome of person centred nursing care nursing care
of each patient. In this context, the crucial components of inter professional collaboration include
effective communication between nurses and patients is vital for the effective outcome of person
centred nursing care nursing care of each patient. In the clinical setting, interpersonal
communication is fundamental component of inter-professional collaboration which can reduce
medication error, faster treatment and improved staff relationship. Hence, for developing inter-
professional team, professionals from diverse background and diverse expertise can be involved.
Lastly, for improving the quality of care, cultural competency is another fundamental component
that resulted in improved patient satisfaction. Hence, for reducing premature death and high
prevalence of disease, interpersonal collaboration, inter-professional team and cultural
competency are required.

7EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
References:
Bookey‐Bassett, S., Markle‐Reid, M., Mckey, C. A., & Akhtar‐Danesh, N. (2017).
Understanding interprofessional collaboration in the context of chronic disease
management for older adults living in communities: a concept analysis. Journal of
advanced nursing, 73(1), 71-84.
Chichirez, C. M., & Purcărea, V. L. (2018). Interpersonal communication in healthcare. Journal
of medicine and life, 11(2), 119.
Englar, R. E., Show-Ridgway, A., Noah, D. L., Appelt, E., & Kosinski, R. (2018). Perceptions of
the Veterinary Profession among Human Health Care Students before an Inter-
Professional Education Course at Midwestern University. Journal of veterinary medical
education, 45(3), 423-436.
Fairburn, C. L., Nesbit, K. C., Haga, S., & Barrett, A. (2019). Clinical Instructors' Perceptions of
Critical Knowledge, Critical Patient Care Skills, and Student Physical Therapist
Preparedness in the Acute Care Setting. Journal of Allied Health, 48(4), 277-289.
Fatahi, N. (2019). Misunderstandings in Interpersonal and Inter-Professional Communication
and their Impact On Health Outcomes and Patient Safety. Archives of Clinical and
Medical Case Reports, 3, 585-590.
Foronda, C. L., Baptiste, D. L., Pfaff, T., Velez, R., Reinholdt, M., Sanchez, M., & Hudson, K.
W. (2018). Cultural competency and cultural humility in simulation-based education: An
integrative review. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 15, 42-60.

8EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Hardin, L., Kilian, A., & Spykerman, K. (2017). Competing health care systems and complex
patients: An inter-professional collaboration to improve outcomes and reduce health care
costs. Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice, 7, 5-10.
Hendricks, S., LaMothe, V. J., Halstead, J. A., Taylor, J., Ofner, S., Chase, L., ... & Priest, C.
(2018). Fostering interprofessional collaborative practice in acute care through an
academic-practice partnership. Journal of interprofessional care, 32(5), 613-620.
Khan, Y., Sanford, S., Sider, D., Moore, K., Garber, G., de Villa, E., & Schwartz, B. (2017).
Effective communication of public health guidance to emergency department clinicians
in the setting of emerging incidents: a qualitative study and framework. BMC health
services research, 17(1), 312.
Kilpatrick, K., Paquette, L., Bird, M., Jabbour, M., Carter, N., & Tchouaket, É. (2019). Team
Functioning And Beliefs About Team Effectiveness In Inter-Professional Teams:
Questionnaire Development And Validation. Journal of Multidisciplinary
Healthcare, 12, 827.
Kim, S., Bochatay, N., Relyea-Chew, A., Buttrick, E., Amdahl, C., Kim, L., ... & Lee, Y. M.
(2017). Individual, interpersonal, and organisational factors of healthcare conflict: a
scoping review. Journal of interprofessional care, 31(3), 282-290.
Kohlbry, P. W. (2016). The impact of international service‐learning on nursing students’ cultural
competency. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48(3), 303-311.
Latham, D., Julien, H., Gross, M., & Witte, S. (2016). The role of inter-professional
collaboration to support science learning: An exploratory study of the perceptions and

9EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
experiences of science teachers, public librarians, and school librarians. Library &
Information Science Research, 38(3), 193-201.
Leeman, Y., van Koeven, E., & Schaafsma, F. (2018). Inter-professional collaboration in action
research. Educational Action Research, 26(1), 9-24.
Michael, G. C., Aliyu, I., Grema, B. A., & Thacher, T. D. (2017). Impact of structural and
interpersonal components of health care on user satisfaction with services of an outpatient
clinic of a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Tropical Journal of Medical Research, 20(2), 139.
Reeves, S., Pelone, F., Harrison, R., Goldman, J., & Zwarenstein, M. (2017). Interprofessional
collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews, (6).
Shinners, J., Africa, L., & Hawkes, B. (2016). Debriefing as a supportive component for
registered nurses in transition. Journal for nurses in professional development, 32(4),
212-218.