Diagnostic features present in the patient are

Running Head: Case Study
Case Study Analysis
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors Note

CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
1
Case Study 1
Response 1
Diagnostic features present in the patient are;
 Pain during menstruation
 Chronic pelvic pain and severe lower backache
 Heavy and dark blood clots in first two days of periods
 Throbbing and proximal headache
 Neck pain and vomiting
 Painful defecation and intercourse
 Increasing fatigue
 Low blood pressure and heart rate
The questions which should be asked for identifying conditions of the patient are;
 How frequent have you missed your menstruation cycle?
 On a scale of 0 to 10, grade your menstruation pain during the cycle? (If 10 is the
worst pain and 0 is the state of pain free)
 Do you eat enough food on the days of periods?
 In the last three months, have you intaken any kind of painkiller?
 What is your normal body weight? Have you felt a sudden increase and decrease in
your body weight?
Response 2
Dysmenorrhea
This medical condition causes menstrual cramps due to uterine contractions. Primary
dysmenorrhea causes only the common menstrual cramps and pain during the cycle
whereas secondary conditions causes different abnormalities of reproductive organs
(Zuckerman et al., 2018).
Signs and symptoms
 Painful periods and weakness
 Pain in lower back
 Throbbing and cramps at the onset of the period
 Nausea and vomiting

CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
2
 Headaches
Rationale
Ms Roberts is having pelvic pain and lower back pain along with throbbing. She
usually feels extreme pain on the onset of period. Pain continues first two days of period.
Therefore, the patient may suffer from dysmenorrhoea. She also feels tiredness and
headaches which are similar additional symptoms of dysmenorrhoea (Matthewman et al.,
2018).
Menstrual migraine and visual aura
Migraine and visual aura mean recurring headache which strikes within a specific
interval of time. This condition will make the patient feel sensory disturbances such as flash
of light, spots at the eyesight and changes of vision (Todd, Lagman-Bartolome & Lay, 2018).
Signs and symptoms
 Nausea and vomiting
 Sensitivity to light and sounds
 Pain behind one eye and one ear
 Temporary loss of vision
Rationale
In this case study, Ms Roberts faces paroxysmal headache and visual aura with headache
and vomiting during her menstrual cycle specially. Therefore, it can be said that the patient
might suffer from menstrual migraine.
Endometriosis
Sometimes tissues or similar structures like tissues are lined within and outside of
uterus and cause abnormalities such as irritation and pain; this condition is known as
endometriosis (Wardle, 2017).
Signs and symptoms
 Painful periods and menstrual cramps
 Painful intercourse and defecation

CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
3
 Excessive bleeding during period
 Infertility (Soliman et al., 2017)
Rationale
The patient feels extreme pain in lower abdomen and pelvic area while her period is
going on. Pain during intercourse and bowel movements is very prominent in Ms Roberts.
During menstruation cycle, she has excessive and heavy bleeding. She is trying to conceive
for several years which can be a sign of infertility. The above discussed symptoms indicate
that the patient is suffering from endometriosis.
Response to Question 3
Endometriosis causes pelvic inflammatory disease, haemorrhage in corpus leuteum,
myomass, cancer in cervix and vagina (appendix , table 1). In this case study, infection in
upper part of female reproductive system and pain in lower abdomen, heavy vaginal
discharge and pain during intercourse are the symptoms in the patient (Alberico et al.,2018
). Abnormal bleeding due to cyst rupturing can affect the healthy tissues of uterus and leads
to removal of uterus due to surgery (Coxon, Horne & Vincent, 2018).
Myomass can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, lower back pain and pelvic pain
(appendix ,table 1). In this case study, Ms Roberts’ period lasts for more than one week and
pain during menstrual cycle. Change in bowel movement and frequent urination with weight
loss and urge for overeating are the symptoms of malignancy in ovary (Foth et al., 2017).
Endometriosis, fibroids and pelvic congestion are the result of dysmenorrhea. Pain is
present before and after the occurrence of period (appendix ,table 1). Chronic pelvic pain
and fatigue with sensation in pelvic region are the symptoms of dysmenorrhoea (Soliman et
al., 2017).
Menstrual migraine and visual aura are caused by fluctuation of hormones,
abnormalities of blood pressure and hormonal replacement therapy (appendix ,table 1).
Blurred vision and fatigue with headache and nausea are the symptoms of menstrual
migraine. Patient has abnormal periods and throbbing with headache. Patient is suffering
from visual aura and fatigue. The patient has fatigue, nausea and headache (Zuckerman et
al., 2018).
Response 4