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CRIMINOLOGY
Introduction
The topic of punishment of offenders has been a well discussed topic for people since
time immemorial. The concept of retribution is related to the act that tends to be hostile for an
offense contrary to legitimate rules and is controlled by the society as well as imposed by a
legal authority (Dow 2005). Moreover, punishment is used as a predictable device for the
countenance of attitudes of antipathy and anger as well as of verdicts of discontentment and
reprobation. These attitudes are shown either on the part of the punishing power itself or in
the name of the people the punishment is imposed. Although, there are various reasons to
rationalize punishment but criminal law in the form of sanctions have one vital purpose that
is to remove the support and private authorizations. Society comprehends the need of
sanction (Greenberg and West 2008). China continues to be the world’s foremost
executioner. The authorities of Vietnam also indicates that in November 2018 around 85
executions have been executed thus positioning the country to be amongst the top
five executioners of the world. Thus, exclusive of China, around 78% of all informed
implementations took place in only four nations like Iran, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam as well as
Iraq. In the view of Greenberg and West (2008), society must execute punishment in
mutually, authoritatively, legitimately manner and in public. The following paper will
critically examine the issues of punishment by putting emphasis on relevant theoretical
aspects.
Discussion
Penological rationales for punishing
Different theorists have presented numerous theories of punishment but those can
only be broadly categorized as non-utilitarian and utilitarian. The factor which differentiates
these theoretical understandings is their emphasis and objectives (Dow 2005). While,
utilitarian theories show high progressiveness towards the future importance of punishment;

Discussion Penological rationales for punishing

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