Ebola Pathogenicity Case Study 2022

Ebola

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................ 3
What is Ebola virus?................................................................................................. 3
Ebola pathogencity:.................................................................................................... 4
What is vaccine.......................................................................................................... 4
Ebola vaccine format.................................................................................................. 5
Side effects of Ebola vaccine...................................................................................... 6
Efficacy of Ebola vaccines.......................................................................................... 7
Possible advancement of Ebola vaccine.....................................................................8
Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 8
References............................................................................................................... 10

Introduction
The ebola disease is becoming a serious threat in recent years caused by Ebola group of viruses.
Based on the various reports of outbreaks Ebola was found reportedly in the United States,
Ivory Coast, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo and surprisingly some places of Europe
Continent. The symptoms of Ebola disease are observed within 2 to 21 days depend on the body
immunity system. There are no such preventive vaccines are officially announced by the world
health organization, but some preventive care processes are prescribed by the doctors for the
community where chances of spread are high. The present study will emphasize on few
literatures to write a review on Ebola virus and its effects. The study will discuss the progress in
vaccination formulation process and side effects of them in human body along with the future
possibilities to reduce the Ebola endemic condition.
What is Ebola virus?
The disease caused by Ebola viruses can be considered as the rare and fatal one for the human
and non human primates. Sudan, Ebola, Bundibugyo, Tai Forest are the four disease causing
viruses in the genus of Ebola and they are responsible for causing Ebola disease within humans.
Fruit bats are natural hosts of Ebola viruses and the direct or indirect contact of saliva, body fluid
secretion; feces of bats may cause Ebola disease to humans and nonhuman primates. Broken
skin, mucous membranes of infected human is the cause of direct
transmission of disease from human to human. It is a single stranded
RNA virus as it carries negative sense RNA genome within
cylindrical virions ("What is Ebola Virus Disease? | Ebola (Ebola
Virus Disease) | CDC", 2019). Ebola virus contain viral envelope
which is made by protective glycoprotein components. One of the
special natures of this group of viruses is that they can mutate their
genomes rapidly and this is the reason why no such vaccines are
developed till date. The cholesterol-transporter protein (NPC1) in primates is the place of entry

of the virus through which it release its RNA genome into host cells and starts replication,
transcription and translation to produce GP1 and GP2 proteins which is essential for
nucleocapsid formation. At the end, the nucleocapsid and viral envelope react with host cell
membrane and destroy blood cells rapidly (Nichols, 2019).
Fig: 1, structure of Ebola virus
Source: (Gavish, 2019)
Ebola pathogencity:
The outbreak of Ebola virus disease was first observed in Democratic Republic of the Congo in
the year 1976. After that the outbreaks was observed in various places in Africa. Some other
modes of transmission of this contagious disease are blood, feces, vomit of infected persons. In
the year 2014, the outbreak of Ebola disease was the largest one with approximately 11000
deaths of humans in South Africa. The main affected area was Northern Liberia, Guinea, and
Sierra Leone. In 2018, the Ebola outbreaks were observed in Democratic Republic of the Congo
with more complexity. Common symptoms in humans are diarrhea, vomiting, fever, headache,
joint aches, red eyes, no appetite, stomach pain, difficulty in breathing and swallowing etc.
elevated amount of liver enzyme, lower amount of white blood cells, and lower amount of
platelets will be seen from the pathology examination of infected persons. ELISA, PCR,
Isolation of Virus is the laboratory based diagnosed procedures. At the initial stage of the disease
patients should bring to the hospitals to check the balance of body fluids, oxygen level and
pressure. Infected person need to be separated from others to prevent the contamination of the
Ebola disease. It is important to sterilize the needles and other health care objectives before
disposing them("Ebola virus disease", 2019).
What is vaccine
It is important to understand how vaccines work to fight with viruses before emphasizing on
experimental ebola vaccines. A vaccine helps the body's immune system to recognize the