Ethics In Human-Computer Interaction
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Your Title
Your Name
Student ID
Western Sydney University, Australia
email@westernsydney.edu.au
INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION
Human-computer interaction or HCI is defined as an area
which deals with theory, design, implementation and
lastly the evaluation of various ways used by the humans
to interact with the computing devices. Interaction in this
context is an abstract model which is made use of by the
humans for interacting with the computing devices. HCI
has emerged a lot these days the only reason behind this
being growing use of the computing devices in almost all
facets of human lives. Designing interactions and
implementing interfaces is the main aim of HCI that in
turn ensures high usability (Reeves 2015). In this paper,
human computer interaction will be discussed upon. The
motive of the work is to figure out as to what extent
human computer interaction has been successful and in
which arenas have it excelled. This is important as in the
age of digitalization interaction in between human and
computer plays a vital role.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND RELATED WORK
As per the research done by Rautara and Agrawal (2015),
there has been a lot of advancement in human computer
interaction and it has advanced to an extent that the
humans can imaging their life without the computer
systems. This technology has got deep rooted in human
lives and is made use of in spheres such as work,
communication, shopping and entertainment. Hand
gesture recognition technology is one of the human
interaction technologies that is quiet popular. This
involves tracking gestures made by human beings and
then converting it into semantically meaningful
commands. Various examples as to where these are used
can be considered. In desktop applications the hand
gestures can certainly act as an alternative for mouse as
well keyboard (Chakraborty et al. 2017). Hand gestures
for the virtual reality applications have also experienced a
lot of popularity in the field of computing. Virtual reality
interactions make use of gestures for enabling realistic
manipulations of the virtual objects making use of one’s
hands for the purpose of 3D display interactions (Jeon
2017). Other examples include smart room interactions
which have become popular these days. It can be said that
smart homes are possible only because of the interaction
of human and computer system. In smart phones, HCI
includes controlling lights, appliances like air
conditioners and entertainment units as well. In the
gaming industry as well, HCI plays a vital role as these
days all games involve human computer interaction
(Shilton 2018). Players hand movement or body
movement can control the movement as well as
orientation of the objects like cars in the interactive
games.
As per the research Liapis et al. (2015), evaluating user
emotional experience has been in the limelight for some
days now. In the context of human computer interactions,
the study aligned to physiological signals has gained a lot
of importance. The main aim of a specific process of
evaluation is identifying the flaws in the system which in
general is linked to negative emotions like stress.
Recognition of stress in the HCI tasks is very important
as this can certainly help in enhancing the mental health
conditions in many individuals. As per the research done
by Chandra et al. (2015), eye tracking systems have good
potential in them for tracking the movements eye during
reading, emotion monitoring, perception related to
advertising and many more. This system that is the eye
tracking system records as well as analyses constant
motion of the users’ eyes while they are looking at a
screen before stopping and focussing on a specific area.
In this system eye movements are the basis for the
usability research through eye tracking thus acting as
interface in between man and machines. The
environments of virtual reality can be certainly controlled
by using eye movements. Thus, interaction in between
humans and computers helps the users to input a lot of
informations in a natural way to the machines.
Both of these articles have considered two different or
diverse applications of human computer interaction that is
one considers the hand gesture recognition system that in
present times in many things the best example being in
smart phones where showing hands is enough to click a
picture while another discusses on the use of human
computer interaction to track eye movements.
BENCHMARK DESIGN
The benchmark design helps in accessing the progress of
any application and it is basically the result of continuous
tests of an application for a longer period of time.
Application 1
E-commerce applications can be considered as the best
example of human computer interaction these days. Gone
are the days when customer care executives had to be
contacted over phone and problems repeated again and
again. At present for instance if an individual orders food
to certain application and finds some flaw in it, he or she
can instantly book a complain and there is a pre-designed
1
Your Name
Student ID
Western Sydney University, Australia
email@westernsydney.edu.au
INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION
Human-computer interaction or HCI is defined as an area
which deals with theory, design, implementation and
lastly the evaluation of various ways used by the humans
to interact with the computing devices. Interaction in this
context is an abstract model which is made use of by the
humans for interacting with the computing devices. HCI
has emerged a lot these days the only reason behind this
being growing use of the computing devices in almost all
facets of human lives. Designing interactions and
implementing interfaces is the main aim of HCI that in
turn ensures high usability (Reeves 2015). In this paper,
human computer interaction will be discussed upon. The
motive of the work is to figure out as to what extent
human computer interaction has been successful and in
which arenas have it excelled. This is important as in the
age of digitalization interaction in between human and
computer plays a vital role.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND RELATED WORK
As per the research done by Rautara and Agrawal (2015),
there has been a lot of advancement in human computer
interaction and it has advanced to an extent that the
humans can imaging their life without the computer
systems. This technology has got deep rooted in human
lives and is made use of in spheres such as work,
communication, shopping and entertainment. Hand
gesture recognition technology is one of the human
interaction technologies that is quiet popular. This
involves tracking gestures made by human beings and
then converting it into semantically meaningful
commands. Various examples as to where these are used
can be considered. In desktop applications the hand
gestures can certainly act as an alternative for mouse as
well keyboard (Chakraborty et al. 2017). Hand gestures
for the virtual reality applications have also experienced a
lot of popularity in the field of computing. Virtual reality
interactions make use of gestures for enabling realistic
manipulations of the virtual objects making use of one’s
hands for the purpose of 3D display interactions (Jeon
2017). Other examples include smart room interactions
which have become popular these days. It can be said that
smart homes are possible only because of the interaction
of human and computer system. In smart phones, HCI
includes controlling lights, appliances like air
conditioners and entertainment units as well. In the
gaming industry as well, HCI plays a vital role as these
days all games involve human computer interaction
(Shilton 2018). Players hand movement or body
movement can control the movement as well as
orientation of the objects like cars in the interactive
games.
As per the research Liapis et al. (2015), evaluating user
emotional experience has been in the limelight for some
days now. In the context of human computer interactions,
the study aligned to physiological signals has gained a lot
of importance. The main aim of a specific process of
evaluation is identifying the flaws in the system which in
general is linked to negative emotions like stress.
Recognition of stress in the HCI tasks is very important
as this can certainly help in enhancing the mental health
conditions in many individuals. As per the research done
by Chandra et al. (2015), eye tracking systems have good
potential in them for tracking the movements eye during
reading, emotion monitoring, perception related to
advertising and many more. This system that is the eye
tracking system records as well as analyses constant
motion of the users’ eyes while they are looking at a
screen before stopping and focussing on a specific area.
In this system eye movements are the basis for the
usability research through eye tracking thus acting as
interface in between man and machines. The
environments of virtual reality can be certainly controlled
by using eye movements. Thus, interaction in between
humans and computers helps the users to input a lot of
informations in a natural way to the machines.
Both of these articles have considered two different or
diverse applications of human computer interaction that is
one considers the hand gesture recognition system that in
present times in many things the best example being in
smart phones where showing hands is enough to click a
picture while another discusses on the use of human
computer interaction to track eye movements.
BENCHMARK DESIGN
The benchmark design helps in accessing the progress of
any application and it is basically the result of continuous
tests of an application for a longer period of time.
Application 1
E-commerce applications can be considered as the best
example of human computer interaction these days. Gone
are the days when customer care executives had to be
contacted over phone and problems repeated again and
again. At present for instance if an individual orders food
to certain application and finds some flaw in it, he or she
can instantly book a complain and there is a pre-designed
1
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format where the user has to write minimal (Xu 2017).
The issues are resolved easily with least interaction with
the customer service executive. This can be considered as
human computer interaction that helps in simplifying
such as complex process.
DESIGN STATEMENT
The HCI has emerged as a popular technology and finds
applications in almost every arena. The applications today
are smart applications that respond to user gestures and
signals. With every passing day humans are being able to
interact with computers in a better way. The situation is
such that now-a-days people cannot live without
machines and are readily accepting the intervention of the
same in all the tasks they do. The design statement in this
context is:
In near future machines will become the best friends of
humans. This will happen as humans are highly getting
dependent on computers and it is possible that
programming will take over the market soon.
PERSONAS
Jasmine is a homemaker and is 48 years old. She is not
well acquainted to work with computers but recently she
is getting to know about it while helping her daughter
with her school assignments. The school gives
assignments on online portal and the questions need to be
solved there. The homemaker has not had much
experience in this but is learning to interact with the
system for the sake of her daughter. She is unaware of the
fact that in her daily life while even unlocking her phone
using her fingerprint she is interacting with a machine.
She is finding it difficult to cope up with her work but
definitely wants to learn this as her daughter needs help.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Thus, it can be said that human computer interaction is
paying a major role and there are high chances that in
near future this will be the basis of almost all
applications. Humans are a strong part in this technology
as the interaction between machines and humans is what
the whole technology revolves around. The human
computer interaction as can be seen has found its
applications in diverse fields such as in eye movement
tracking, stress level tracking, hand gesture command and
many more. The ways, in which the HCI is flourishing, it
seems that humans are readily accepting the intervention
of these machines in their lives. It can be concluded that
this HCI is important in accomplishing tasks in daily life
and as the situation is humans are proving to be a vital
part of this human computer interaction.
REFERENCES
Chakraborty, B.K., Sarma, D., Bhuyan, M.K. and
MacDorman, K.F., 2017. Review of constraints on
vision-based gesture recognition for human–computer
interaction. IET Computer Vision, 12(1), pp.3-15.
Chandra, S., Sharma, G., Malhotra, S., Jha, D., &
Mittal, A. P. (2015, December). Eye tracking based
human computer interaction: Applications and their
uses. In 2015 International Conference on Man and
Machine Interfacing (MAMI) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Jeon, M., 2017. Emotions and affect in human factors
and human–computer interaction: Taxonomy, theories,
approaches, and methods. In Emotions and Affect in
Human Factors and Human-Computer Interaction (pp.
3-26). Academic Press.
Liapis, A., Katsanos, C., Sotiropoulos, D., Xenos, M.
and Karousos, N., 2015, September. Recognizing
emotions in human computer interaction: Studying
stress using skin conductance. In IFIP Conference on
Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 255-262). Springer,
Cham.
Rautaray, S.S. and Agrawal, A., 2015. Vision based
hand gesture recognition for human computer
interaction: a survey. Artificial intelligence
review, 43(1), pp.1-54.
Reeves, S., 2015, August. Human-computer interaction
as science. In Proceedings of The Fifth Decennial
Aarhus Conference on Critical Alternatives (pp. 73-
84).
Shilton, K., 2018. Values and ethics in human-
computer interaction. Foundations and Trends®
Human–Computer Interaction, 12(2), pp.107-171.
Xu, P., 2017. A real-time hand gesture recognition and
human-computer interaction system. arXiv preprint
arXiv:1704.07296.
2
The issues are resolved easily with least interaction with
the customer service executive. This can be considered as
human computer interaction that helps in simplifying
such as complex process.
DESIGN STATEMENT
The HCI has emerged as a popular technology and finds
applications in almost every arena. The applications today
are smart applications that respond to user gestures and
signals. With every passing day humans are being able to
interact with computers in a better way. The situation is
such that now-a-days people cannot live without
machines and are readily accepting the intervention of the
same in all the tasks they do. The design statement in this
context is:
In near future machines will become the best friends of
humans. This will happen as humans are highly getting
dependent on computers and it is possible that
programming will take over the market soon.
PERSONAS
Jasmine is a homemaker and is 48 years old. She is not
well acquainted to work with computers but recently she
is getting to know about it while helping her daughter
with her school assignments. The school gives
assignments on online portal and the questions need to be
solved there. The homemaker has not had much
experience in this but is learning to interact with the
system for the sake of her daughter. She is unaware of the
fact that in her daily life while even unlocking her phone
using her fingerprint she is interacting with a machine.
She is finding it difficult to cope up with her work but
definitely wants to learn this as her daughter needs help.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Thus, it can be said that human computer interaction is
paying a major role and there are high chances that in
near future this will be the basis of almost all
applications. Humans are a strong part in this technology
as the interaction between machines and humans is what
the whole technology revolves around. The human
computer interaction as can be seen has found its
applications in diverse fields such as in eye movement
tracking, stress level tracking, hand gesture command and
many more. The ways, in which the HCI is flourishing, it
seems that humans are readily accepting the intervention
of these machines in their lives. It can be concluded that
this HCI is important in accomplishing tasks in daily life
and as the situation is humans are proving to be a vital
part of this human computer interaction.
REFERENCES
Chakraborty, B.K., Sarma, D., Bhuyan, M.K. and
MacDorman, K.F., 2017. Review of constraints on
vision-based gesture recognition for human–computer
interaction. IET Computer Vision, 12(1), pp.3-15.
Chandra, S., Sharma, G., Malhotra, S., Jha, D., &
Mittal, A. P. (2015, December). Eye tracking based
human computer interaction: Applications and their
uses. In 2015 International Conference on Man and
Machine Interfacing (MAMI) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Jeon, M., 2017. Emotions and affect in human factors
and human–computer interaction: Taxonomy, theories,
approaches, and methods. In Emotions and Affect in
Human Factors and Human-Computer Interaction (pp.
3-26). Academic Press.
Liapis, A., Katsanos, C., Sotiropoulos, D., Xenos, M.
and Karousos, N., 2015, September. Recognizing
emotions in human computer interaction: Studying
stress using skin conductance. In IFIP Conference on
Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 255-262). Springer,
Cham.
Rautaray, S.S. and Agrawal, A., 2015. Vision based
hand gesture recognition for human computer
interaction: a survey. Artificial intelligence
review, 43(1), pp.1-54.
Reeves, S., 2015, August. Human-computer interaction
as science. In Proceedings of The Fifth Decennial
Aarhus Conference on Critical Alternatives (pp. 73-
84).
Shilton, K., 2018. Values and ethics in human-
computer interaction. Foundations and Trends®
Human–Computer Interaction, 12(2), pp.107-171.
Xu, P., 2017. A real-time hand gesture recognition and
human-computer interaction system. arXiv preprint
arXiv:1704.07296.
2
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