Ethics in Social Science

Running Head: ETHICS 0
Ethics in Social
Science
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ETHICS 1
1. Confucian ethics in Virtue ethics theory is defined as wisdom and morality themes
centrally. These virtues are used as guiding patterns and thoughts of life for many
individuals all over the world. This ideological framework referred as a system of
virtue ethics characterizing primary emphasis on individuals and society guiding
towards their lives based on six virtues. It consists of attributes that are “xi, zhi, li, yi,
wen, and ren” having different focus and meaning also allowing every individual to
identify and focus on an area easily from meditation or improvement. Confucian role
of ethics was introduced by Henry Rosemont and Roger Ames in defence of issues
rose (Rosemont, 2014). This offered a perspective by looking at the role ethics as a
full-scale replacement to the “current moral theories”. For instance, the virtue “zhi”
shows that an individual can be born in a family of criminals but it depends, they will
raise that individual with immorality or morality. The strength of this theory is its
determinative-thesis whereas the weak part shows the holding of roles and relevant
social norms constrained. But the roles kept on changing over time along with moral
norms and role responsibilities involve conflicting obligations when linked with other
roles (Ramsey, 2016). Thus, the strong point contradicts the weak point which the
truism formulation is considered as constitutive-thesis.
2. In ethics, absolutism is termed as holding true moral commands in relation to every
culture and situation. However, relativism is termed as viewing moral values that is
relative to different contexts and societies. Absolutism consists of actions such as
stealing and murder that has been seen wrong objectively along with its results or
circumstances. The theories include the Divine Command Theory and Kant’s
Categorical Imperative Theory. In relativism, the action takes place depending on the
context where theories consists of moral actions and consequences at the time of
making decision is right or wrong. The theories include the Situation Ethics and
Classical Utilitarianism described as teleological (Weist, 2016). For instance, the use
of hypothetical ethical dilemmas related to specific cultural setting or industry results
in situational relativity instead of true ethical relativity when to make sure about
absolutism and relativism. One example of relativism suggesting the ethical dilemma
within multi-nationals operational concerns and international business environment is
bribery practice which considers the solution of accurate support of ethical relativism
notion. Thus, there are other examples as well defining these theories such as bribery,
interest conflict or employee discrimination concerning ethics rather than cultural
divergence and independent of occurrence initiating efforts to introduce business