History of Medical Education And Training

Running head: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Review of the Literature
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note:

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REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Article 1
Full Reference of the article
Geffen, L., (2014). A brief history of medical education and training in Australia. Medical
Journal of Australia, 201(S1), pp.S19-S22.
Objective and research question
The objective of the paper is to understand a brief history of medical education and
training in Australia. The other objective is to learn about the four phases of Australian
medical education and training.
The research questions of this paper are as follows:
i) What is the history of medical education and training in Australia?
ii) Had there been any change in the traditional and modern medical education and
training in Australia?
Method
At Australian Federation, this particular country is having 3 medical schools and n
institutions for proper training. They have involved 4 phases, which are basic education being
provided by the medical school, proper prevocational training being organized by the post
graduate medical council, vocational training being delivered by the specialist medical
college and finally CPD being conducted by these colleges.
Findings and discussion
The medical education and training sector in Australia is responsible for comprising 4
phases, which include basic education, prevocational training, vocational training and
continuing professional development. During the span of 1860 and 1960, there were 8
medical schools established in Australia and the courses were from the phases of preclinical,

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REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
paraclinical and finally clinical. In the next phase, 2 other innovative new schools were being
established and these schools made proper reforms for selection of students, proper teaching,
curriculum and few assessment methods. After the year of 2000, the numbers of students
were expanded majorly for fulfilling all types of workforce demands in the rural sections of
Australia. They even introduced prevocational training, after undergoing reformation as well
as extension in the other years of junior doctor training by the councils of post graduate
medical education. The Australian Medical Council started their accreditation for the basic
education in 1985 with flexible integration of every phase and meeting various challenges for
the medical workforce.
Conclusion
Therefore, it is being concluded that Australia has always maintained an effective
medical training and education for the students and patients in the entire country. The four
phases are well demonstrated in the article with proper time span for each phase.
Article Contributing to Essay 3
The medical education and training history in Australia clearly states about the vast
extension and advancement that has occurred over years. I can use this information in
completing the introduction portion of my essay 3 and it would also ensure that the details
involved are genuine and accurate.

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REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Article 2
Full Reference of the article
Jolley, G., Freeman, T., Baum, F., Hurley, C., Lawless, A., Bentley, M., ... & Sanders, D.
(2014). Health policy in South Australia 2003–10: Primary health care workforce perceptions
of the impact of policy change on health promotion. Health Promotion Journal of
Australia, 25(2), 116-124.
Objective and research question
The main objective of this paper is to understand about the current health reforming
policies within Australia. The other objective is to focus on major process of PHC or primary
health care workforce eventually experiencing several changes and even perceiving the core
impact over the practice of health promotion.
The research questions of this paper are as follows:
i) What are the current health reforming policies in Australia, as taken by the
Australian government?
ii) What is the core procedure of primary health care workforce to experience various
changes or to perceive the overall effect of health promotional practices?
Method
The different documents of health policies were being analysed for the purpose of
successful determination of the intended impact over health promotion. The authors have
conducted various interviews with 39 respondents from the 4 State-funded PHC services for
the core purpose of gaining different perceptions over the effect of policy changes on
promotion of health in Australia.