International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science

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QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF IONS
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Introduction
An ion is denoted as atom groups or atom that possesses a net charge. An atom hold a net
positive charge if it loses one or more electrons. Monatomic ions can be defined as ions created
from single atoms whereas a polyatomic ion is a class of atoms with a fixed composition,
attached together by a covalent link which has a net charge. In analytical chemistry field,
chemical properties of sample components are identified qualitatively or quantitatively1.
The analysis of ions qualitatively depends on checking the ions reactions characteristics. Several
ions have distinct chemical properties that can be utilized in their identification, though some
have same chemical properties and will tend to interfere with one another when existing in the
mixtures. It is due to their ability to emit light of characteristics odors when exposed to flames,
where there are changed to gaseous metal atoms. A good example is whereby sodium emits
yellow light color noted in a sodium street lamp2.
Materials
1 Bell, Colin Frank. Syntheses and physical studies of inorganic compounds. Elsevier,
2013. [Online]. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=8jcXBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=inorganic+compounds&ots=X
0sScqj4yQ&sig=hjRpb1FOfHVBgBqdCRLyWYtPohA
2 Banu, K. Sahira, and L. Cathrine. "General techniques involved in phytochemical
aanlysis." International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science 2, no. 4
(2015): 25-32. [Online]. Available fro m:
https://www.academia.edu/download/56221117/5.pdf

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Chemicals
0.2MNACL, 6MHCL, 1M Na2C2O4, 0.2MKCL, 0.1MCa(NO3)2, 0.5MAlCl3, Al(OH)3,
NH4OH, 3M HC2H302, 1M Na2CO3, 1m HCl, 1M Na2CO3, 0.5M NaSO4, NaOH,
AgN03, distilled water, AgNO3, 05M KSCN, 0.1MFe (NO3)3, 05M (NH4)2 MoO4, 05M
CuSO4, 1M BaCl2, 6MHNO3, 01M Na3PO4
Equipment
Test tubes, flame test wire, stirring rods, Bunsen burner, beaker, hot water bath, test tube clump,
well plate and utility clamp
Methods
Sodium ions
The flame test wire is cleaned first while dipping it in HCL, and then heated on the hottest part of
flame. Then, then the test wire is dipped in 0.2M of NaCl and placed in the flame. A yellow
flame indicates a positive test for the sodium ions3.
Potassium ions
The flame test wire is dipped in the test tube containing 0.2MKCl and placed in the flame. A
purple to orange color shows the presence of potassium ions.
3 Perry, Dale L. Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC press, 2016. [Online]. Available
from: https://books.google.com/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=SFD30BvPBhoC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=many+of+
+inorganic+compounds+forms+white+precipatate+when+
+heated&ots=uqOpiExSMw&sig=svi-Uaidm0CPIusyPI8Me_lIBCE