Case Study Report: Multicentric Castleman Disease in HIV Patients

This report presents a case study on Multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD), an opportunistic disease often associated with HIV infection. The report details the clinical presentation of a 33-year-old HIV-positive male patient exhibiting symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy. It outlines the diagnostic process, including lymph node biopsy revealing characteristic histopathological features and positive HHV-8 testing. The report also discusses the differential diagnoses, including tuberculosis and Kaposi's sarcoma, and highlights the role of IL-6 in the pathophysiology of MCD. The patient's treatment and response, along with relevant references, are also included. The report provides a comprehensive overview of MCD, its diagnosis, and management in the context of HIV infection.

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The poster is presented on the topic of the MCD or Multicentric Castleman Disease
that is an opportunistic disease which occurs along with HIV (Fajgenbaum, 2019). The poster
starts with an abstract and gives a quick view about the entire topic that is being discussed in
the poster. Along with this the abstract also helps in the determination of the fact that whether
the poster will be able to answer all the queries regarding the presented topic. Now, the next
thing is the appearance of the poster. The author has made the appearance of the poster quite
presentable by giving proper pictures that looks professional and not that flashy.
Apart from this, there is a natural flow to the purpose, methods, results and the
conclusions. Now the content of the poster describes about the background, information of
the patient and the differential diagnosis that can be used in the treatment of the patients
suffering from the disease. The poster highlights the patient group who are taken or
considered for the research. The patient is a 33 year old man suffering from fever for the last
one month and weight loss. The poster also highlights the pathophysiology of the disease
finally arriving at the conclusion.
The poster also highlights the details about the characteristics of the disease and the
details of the patient condition are also mentioned in the poster. The poster highlights that the
patients who are suffering from HIV are tend to fall prey for MCD. It has a wide range of
diagnosis and that delays the diagnostic process (Imran et al., 2014). The poster outlines that
PCR is performed in order to detect HHV-8 (Human Herpesvirus-8). However, the
pathogenesis of the disease is not mentioned as it is still very unclear. It is observed that the
infection of the immunoblasts by HHV-8 and the synthesis of the viral IL-6 play a major
pathogenic role in the disease (Fajgenbaum & Shilling, 2018).
By the help of the different diagnosis process it was confirmed whether the patient is
MCD-positive or not. The lymph node biopsy shows that the histology is such that the

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hyperplastic follicles are surrounded by a concentric circles of plasma cells. The follicle
surrounded by the broad zone of the mantle which consists of the concentric layers of the
lymphocytes it can results in an onion-skin appearance (Gounden & Jialal, 2018).
The poster shows that the investigation or research confirms that whether the patient
who is suffering from HIV has a cell type of plasma cells that can be classified as MCD. This
is suggested by the clinical manifestations, normochromic anaemia in the blood count of the
cell. Histology of the MCD or the HHV-8 positive test, and the normocytic anaemia are also
the clinical manifestations of the disease. The virus particularly persists within the B cells
that are latently infected. When the immune system of the patient is deficient, there are high
chances for the reactivation of the HHV-8. This further causes the proliferation or increase of
IL-6 that is the possible pathogenic pathway for MCD (Fajgenbaum & Shilling, 2018).

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References
Fajgenbaum, D. (2019). Differential Diagnosis: Multicentric Castleman Disease. Retrieved
from https://www.targetedonc.com/mcd-differential-diagnosis
Fajgenbaum, D., & Shilling, D. (2018). Castleman Disease Pathogenesis.
Hematology/Oncology Clinics Of North America, 32(1), 11-21. doi:
10.1016/j.hoc.2017.09.002
Gounden V, Jialal I. Hypoalbuminemia. [Updated 2018 Oct 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-. Retrieved from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526080/
Imran, T.F., Al-Khateeb, Z., Jung, J., Peters, S., & Dever, L.L. (2014). Pulmonary Kaposi's
sarcoma as the initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus
infection. Idcases, 1(4), 78-81. doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2014.10.002