North Atlantic Treaty Organizations

Running head: SOCIOLOGY 0
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: NATO ORGANIZATION

SOCIOLOGY 2
Introduction
NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty organization which was established on 4th April 1949
with the motive of providing the defense to the members of the country present in it. It
constitutes with the various member countries that are independent in approach and are
headquartered in Ever, Brussels, Belgium. Its’ Allied Command operations are headquartered in
Mons Belgium. One of the members added in the NATO organization is the Montenegro. The
important motive that led to the establishment of the organization was to protect the countries
from any external attack of the terrorist organization that was important for the Country’s overall
growth and profitability. It constitutes of 29 North American countries and other European
nations that helped in achieving the goals of the organization. It was on 4 March 1947 when the
France and United Kingdom signed the Dunkirk treaty (Armando, 2016, pp. 1-6). The Dunkirk
treaty was signed as the treaty to promote the mutual assistance and alliance between the two
countries to safeguard oneself from the attacks of Japan or the Soviet Union during the Second
World War. The Dunkirk alliance that was created later included other countries of Benelux and
resulted in the formation of western union. The treaty after the formation of the western union
resulted in the formation of treaty of Brussels. The following essay will be discussing the thesis
NATO is not an efficient organization, a new form of alliance would be beneficial for Europe
and for global security worldwide
During the Koreanwar, the North Atlantic treaty did not play the role of the best treaty. In the
German event of fall out Berlin wall of 1989, the treaty organized the military interventions
during the time of Bosnia during 1992 to 1995. In the cold war expansion where the NATO
organized the reunification of theGermanin 1990, October 3 (Garey, 2019, pp. 191-208). In the
times of cold war, the NATO conducted no operations but its operations were only visible in the
end of the cold war era. After the end of the cold war era, the NATO conducted the war of
Bosnia because of the fall out of Yugoslavia. In the August 1995. The other interventions of the
NATO organization included Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Gulf of Aden interventions. In the
Kosovo intervention included few of the breakdown of the Abhranina civilians and KLA
separatist in the United nations security council (Isobel & Edwards, 2017, pp. 88-94.). There was
the war with Afghanistan where the various attacks had taken place. The Afghanistan had been

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accused of causing around eleven attacks in the area thus affecting the situation of the NATO
organization. Except the issues of wars in various countries, there was one of the most important
cases of the Gulf of Aden where the NATO deployed various warships operations to protect the
Gulf of Aden from the Somali pirates. To protect the Gulf of Aden from the pirates’ various
coast guards were deployed in the place. The Libya intervention has also achieved the good
relations between the Libya government and its protestors (Kossek & Wu, 2017, pp. 228-254).
II Pro-argument
Problems in the effective working of NATO
Although NATO has achieved various successful feats but it has gone through various
challenges in the recent times that are disrupting its functioning in an efficient manner. The
NATO organization has achieved various visions of the country. Some of the challenges that
were included in the NATO organization are (M, 2018, pp. 97-107).
 Maintenance of United stance on INF
The intermediate range Nuclear Forces Treaty was caught into allegations for the treaty violence
by the Russia. In October 2018, a German chancellor was responsible for doing various actions
where the foreign ministers were helpful in closing the deal (Khedhaouria, Călin Gurău, &
Torrès., 2015, pp. 485-504). The European members in the NATO members were in the position
to take stance on the deal.
 Management of role Of NATO in Western Balkans
During 2018, the Pristina government was responsible for achieving the legislations that resulted
in the transformation of Kosovo security forces that were 4000 in numbers. Various political
differences came among the countries at the platform of NATO that disagreed on various topics
and did not like to initiate on various grounds (Isobel & Edwards, 2017, pp. 88-94.). Moreover,
the USA supported the decision for the 4000 army of the people. In the debates that were carried
on by the NATO, organization where they were various issues that created conflicts in the
organization. The members of NATO also helped the Bosnian Serb in initiating the goals of
western Balkans.

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 Increased of political tensions in the organization
The NATO organization that was established with the motive to provide high level of defense to
the independent countries. After the point of time, the company was subjected to the increasing
level of political tensions on various controversial issues (M, 2018, pp. 97-107).For example,
The US stopped investing in the NATO organization as it stopped providing funds to the
countries. The lack of funding of USA to the NATO organization resulted in the disputes among
the countries.
 To balance the European ambitions to achieve the strategic autonomy
The European have their goals of achieving the goals in the organization that resulted in great
strategic vision for the company. The Washington results in achieving the goals of the
organization. The US secretary has established the better results to achieve the goals of the
organization. In the recent scenario of Brexit where Britain plans to exist the European union that
resulted in the understanding among the people (Willigen, 2015, pp. 736-749.).
 Nervous Celebrations
On the 70th anniversary of the Alliance of the countries where thecountry members of the
organization celebrated despite increased level of political disputes. During the phase of its initial
establishment, there was good level of harmony among the member countries in the NATO
organization but after some various years,various controversial issues resulted in the disharmony
among the countries which came from 2017 and 2018 summits. Despite the various levels of
political disharmony among the member countries, the celebration among the member countries
took place in the nervous fashion (Shor, 2018, pp. 698-706.).
Some of the Global Contemporary threats of the NATO
NATO organization has gone through various contemporary challenges that were security
challenges that affected the NATO organization in many ways .Some of the security challenges
included the threat from all the directions. In the east, the assertive nature of Russia which had
illegally annexed the Crimea and destabilization of the eastern country which is Ukraine and the
close military base of the Russia that affected the borders of NATO. In the south, there is Middle
East and Africa that resulted in the great level of destabilization of security that got deteriorated

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due to the loss of life because of wars due to various terrorist attacks. The organization has
respondedof defense and deterrence posture through the support of international efforts of the
people. There isalso increasedcyber-attacks, mass destruction, threats of energy supplies that
makes it difficult for the organization to achieve the goals of peace among the countries
(Krahmann, 2016, pp. 1401-1426.).
In recent times, new threats in the Russia have emerged that have impacted negatively the
security of the country making it suspectable to various attacks in the long run. The country is
also responsible for introducing the cyber-attacks at various centers thus leading to high level of
attacks at various places. Moreover, the Russian divide and rule had affected its politics in the
hard manner thus leading to high level of tensions and confusions among the countries at the
NATO (Plantin, 2018, pp. 293-310.).
In the past, the Russia has conducted highest threats for influencing the goals of the NATO. It
had also conducted various political influences and activities with the motive to weaken the
European Union. It had number of times tried weakening the makeup of the European Union. It
is using the adamant philosophy of divide and rule to achieve the goals of the nation by using the
refugees, minorities, and extremist to come up with the superiority in the globe. The Russia has
improved its technology that helped in achieving the goals of its nation. it had carried out the
cyberattacks on various nations government to illegally acquire the information to achieve the
goals. It had also conducted various military exercises to acquire various regions of its
neighboring regions (Sherrow, 2016, pp. 207-216.). Russian attention hasused to achieve the
goals of the organization thus affecting it in the long run.
In the NATO organization, there is body of literature that discusses the various important
elements that include energy, cyber, organized crimes, and other very secretive services. The
Russia has impacted various important parts of the NATO organizations that affected the
important parts of the organization. There were various methods that were used in the past that
helped in the measurement of various things. It had also conducted various activities to influence
things politically the systems of various countries. The other important objectives that are helpful
are of NATO and European unions.

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The other important trends are the increase Russian meddling in the elections, the Russians have
tried to meddle in the elections of other countries (Tien, 2017, pp. 91-100). The activities have
led to high level of interference in elections of other countries that helped in achieving them.
Russia conducted various cyber-attacks to hack the database of various organizations.
NATO enlargement resulted in tension between Russia and other member states
NATO is an organization that was established with the sole purpose of providing the defensive
element to its members. Its decision to enlarge was not done against the will of Russia as its
enlargement resulted in the improvement the European conditions as it brought higher level of
security in the nation. In the recent times, many companies have joined the NATO to ensure the
defensive objectives of the nation, as these countries were able to achieve the goals of peace in
the organization in a long run. The NATO organization has achieved the better heights in its area
of workings (Ian Borer, 2017, pp. 111-124).
Although NATO has members who have worked together collectively to achieve the goals of
peace and harmony in the nation. In recent time, the NATO has suspended all the relations with
the Russia because of its aggressive and disturbing actions taken by it for Ukraine. Despite the
various tensions between the Russia and the NATO, the political dialogue between the nations is
still maintained by the NATO organization (Kotter & Wyman, 2007, pp. 55-66). There were
various meetings that were held with the people that include military-to-military communication
and various activities of transparency. The political dialogue was still resumed with the
countries.
The political dialogue is still resumed with the Russia but there were various discords between
the two. One of the reasons that resulted is the aggressive relation of the Russia with the Ukraine.
The building tension between the Russia and Ukraine resulted in improved level of stress of
between the member countries and the organization. The tension between Russia and Ukraine
arise due to reasons of terrority encroachment (Lee, Lee, Shim, & Lee, 2016, p. 81). It is
important to achieve the cooperation between the various nations that resulted in high level of
peace.

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According to the theory of constructivism, the members in the NATO organization are helpful in
achieving the good reasons thus helping in achieving the good level of understanding between
the countries (Meisenberg & Woodley, 2015, pp. 1539-1555). Russia has achieved the good
results among the countries. There are differences among the nations that results in high level of
understanding (Masters, 2016, pp. 88-99).
NATO has become obsolete organization due to the inability to respond to global threats
NATO has become an obsolete organization in today’s world due to various dynamic changes
taking place in the world. Many people claimed the organization to be brain dead as it does not
offer any innovative judgments to effective tackle the terrorism. One such example was of Syria
where there were continuous attacks on the population and the NATO was incapable of
achieving the peaceful agreements among the countries. Moreover, the country members of
NATO were enraged by the attack in Syria that led to dispute among the nations. In the recent
times, there was the issue of Brexit where the Britain parted away with the Europe thus leading
to increased level of tensions because of the important elections in the Britain where the one of
the election contenders considered the NATO a biggest threat to the peace of the world. The
NATO was also accused for maintaining relations with the terror groups thus was considered the
biggest threat to the world safety. Moreover, the Scotland was considered the base for Trident
Nuclear submarine base that was responsible creating the complication in various areas. The
Trump did not like the policies of the NATO organization as it created various problems for the
nation. Moreover, there were cyberattacks in recent times which happened with the motive to
terrorize the population in the country. The NATO has also become obsoletein terms of
organizational structure and visions as it had created various problems in its implementation.
III Counter argument
NATO is an effective organization that bridged gap between the Russia and west
NATO is an effective alliance that is helpful in achieving the goal of securing the defense link in
among the countries so that the peaceful relations between the people could be established.An
alliance affects the results in the understanding among people (Okoro & Washington, 2012, pp.
57-62). The NATO alliance is helpful in achieving the high level of trust and understanding
among the members. It was helpful in responding the emergency needs of the various countries

SOCIOLOGY 8
around the globe. It initiates the collective defense that means that it was it promotes the
collective defense among the countries around the globe. In 2014, it has spent the highest amount
of money to fight the terrorism in the countries; it has achieved the collective protection of all the
countries. The NATO organization is also helpful in the effective management of the crises in
the world, it is also known for protecting the image of people in the world to achieve the goals of
the countries. Some of the actions that are taken to stop the bloodshed that occurred in the
Kosovo and Bosnia. Moreover, the NATO also ensured that Afghanistan is not the safe place as
it is most of the time is plagued with the terror attacks (Olson, 2015).
Fighting terrorism is another important component of the NATO as it has contributed around
130000 NATO troops that helped in fighting the terrorism in Afghanistan. It is also the global
coalition that has gathered the support from various countries to promote the better
understanding among the people. It has also trained the various forces of Iraqi so that they can
fight the terrorism in their country (Oren, 2016, pp. 58-69.). The NATO has also set up the hub
to fight the terrorism at various places. It has also promoted cyber defense as cyber defense had
become various prominent due to the coming up of the various technologies. The cyber defense
has become the best place for the NATO to achievethe highest security in its space.
Open door Policy is other important aspect for the NATO that means any county is in the
position to become the member of the NATO by meeting all the set standards stated in the
policies of NATO. The other important values that are depicted by NATO are the values of
democracy, law, and reform (Smith, 2016, pp. 54-65). The NATO as an organization ensures that
every member in the country contributes to the decision-making process of the NATO. The
organization also invited the funding from various places just to continue its operations in an
efficient manner so that the stated goals of the organization could be achieved in the stated
manner. It also had an effective command structures which promotes the effectiveness in its
activities. Some of the levels of command structure that are included are Allied command
operations, allied command transformation, strategic command, strategic command, and other
important structures (Wylie, 2019, pp. 88-99). The NATO organization has various partners that
were helpful in achieving the goals of the organization that included piracy and cyber warfare,
terrorism, and other partners.
Theoretical Argument

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NATO is an effective organization from the theory of realism
According the realism point of NATO today is an effective organization because it offers the
effective form of alliance for its country members where the members are capable of achieving
the goals of the peace, and the harmony (Yahaya, 2016, pp. 12-31). From the realism
perspective, some theorists are of view that it is tough for the NATO to achieve the effective
cooperation among the member countries. Someother theorist believe that NATO can achieve
the status of the cooperation among various countries that include achieving the cooperation
between different countries of values that are able to initiate the high level of effectiveness
among the organizational members.
In its past seventy years of workings, the NATO has achieved the milestones that led to the
greatest level of achievements among the country members. As an alliance for 70 years among
the countries, the NATO was able to achieve the commitment to the goals of the shared values
that include ensuring the improved understanding, cooperation, equality, and like-mindedness
among the countries. Although NATO did not have good relations with the Russia but it was
able to keep the goals of good relations with the country by continuing to exchange the political
dialogues with them. Since its establishment in 1949, the NATO kept the door open to most of
the countries around the globe and made it sure that they become the part of the organizational
members by welcoming them in the team. It had stayed committed to the Article 2 of the
institution that promotes high-level prosperity, stability and defends the free institution. In 2019,
the NATO celebrated the anniversary for the falling of the wall in Berlin. It can be said that by
looking at the achievements, NATO has achieved the good level of effectiveness among its
members (Yasir, Liren, Mehmood, & Arfat, 2019, p. 28).
According to the constructivist point of view, NATO has achieved the enlargement to the eastern
part of Europe; the NATO has achieved the enlargement to some areas countries of the Europe
that includes Ukraine and Georgia. In 2008, many countries have joined that resolved further
dilemma of the people residing in their where it was able to achieve its long-term goals. It had
almost achieved the great goals of the organization to achieve the goals (Zyla, 2016, p. 55).
According to the theory of relativism, many countries have different perspectives of the NATO
organization. Some countries consider NATO an organization capable of maintaining the peace

SOCIOLOGY 10
among the countries while some consider it an obsolete organization incapable of ensuring the
security of its nation members. The perception of the country towards the organization is differs
by some specific reasons that depends upon the support provided to the country. The USA does
not share good links with the NATO because of the political differences between them.
Moreover, in past, the NATO was not in the position to render the support to the USA that led to
the ongoing misunderstandings between them. It can be said that according to the theory of
relativism, USA did not perceive the NATO as a perfect organization. On the other hand,
Ukraine had shared the good relations with the NATO as it had completely backed up the
Ukraine with trained army when Russia tried invading the Ukraine. From the relativism
perspective, the Ukarine considered the NATO as its best supporter.
Conclusion
The NATO has achieved many milestones during its 70 years of working. In its 70 years of
working the NATO has achieved the various peace harmonies among the nations and different
areas. It has led the countries to success duringthe political tensions thus helping them achieve
the stated goals in the organization. It had also achieved the greatest heights in the domain of
conflict resolution, peacemaking and terriority building. Although NATO has been the great
organization that has achieved the national goals but it has become outdated in many areas such
as technology, approaches of implementation, establishing the peace harmony among the people
and other plethora areas. It is the responsibility for the NATO to arise and take actions to meet
the goals.
The NATO must look into creating the good relations with the members’ countries by
transforming them into productive goals in time. The NATO must look into reconstructing its
some of its elements and components that include military base. This will be helpful in achieving
the good level of Cooperation among the country members. The NATO must also try to improve
its technology as it would help in tackling various issues of security in the hyper -technology
world. It should also try to change it approaches of working effectively in the organization to
achieve the stated goals of the organization in an effective manner.

SOCIOLOGY 11
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