Two strategies for early detection

Running head: QUESTION/ANSWER
Question/Answer
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author’s name

QUESTION/ANSWER1
Q1.
A. Two strategies for early detection of bowel cancer are –
 Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) - Searching for occult (hidden) blood in faeces is one
way of testing for colorectal cancer. The theory of this type of analysis is that blood
vessels are sometimes weak and easily destroyed by the movement of faeces in wider
colorectal polyps or cancers. Usually, the weakened arteries leak into the colon or rectum,
but there is only occasionally ample bleeding to see blood in the faeces. Often known as
an immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) is the faecal immunochemical test
(FIT). It is checking in the bowel for latent blood. This analysis responds to some of the
protein in human haemoglobin present in red blood cells (Martin et al. 2017, pp. 93-e1).
 Guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) - The guaiac-based faecal occult blood
check (gFOBT) utilises a chemical process to identify occult (concealed) blood in the
faeces in a different manner than a FIT. Annually, this review must be done (Benito et al.,
2019, pp. 327-334).
B. There are several reasons that why the patients are not able to access the bowel screening
services. According to few studies, it has been observed that the patients are generally afraid
during the bowel preparation and it has been considered as the most significant reason for
people not accessing the services. It has also been seen that due to the lack of appropriate
physician advice, people are not aware fail to access the screening services (Honein-
AbouHaidar et al., 2016). Two significant barriers to accessing the screening tests for bowel
cancer are -
 Demographic factors such as the lack of health insurance, class, and race.

QUESTION/ANSWER2
 Inaccessibility to healthcare services and inadequate colorectal cancer screening
awareness centres.
Q2.
A. In addition to reducing the risk of post-operatory problems, pre-operative awareness is also
necessary to enable the patient to participate actively in their rehabilitation and to assist them
in maintaining composure throughout a period whenever they feel like things are out of grasp
(Sarbaz, Naseri, Ahmadi Simab & Abazari, 2016, pp. 33-42). Four essential pre-operative
topics of education which should be taught to Mr Dwight are –
 Pressure Injuries
 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Risk Reduction
 Deep Breathing and Coughing
 Pain Management
B. In order to approach this kind of education that will help in increasing the pre-operative
awareness, Mr Dwight will be taught about the importance of doing physical exercise in the
legs and hips and before the surgical procedure to reduce or avoid the sensation of the pain.
Also, the nurse should educate Mr Dwight about the value of sterilising the medical
instruments with the aid of audios and visuals to prevent contamination when explaining the
reasoning of why this procedure is essential to the patient. The specific two education
strategies are -
 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Risk Reduction - To reduce the likelihood of DVT
growth, patients will also be trained in bed related to the leg exercises and in the
advantages of early mobility (where feasible) (Haig et al., 2016, pp. e64-e71).

QUESTION/ANSWER3
 Pressure Injuries - Patients also need to be trained preoperatively on the risks of stress
injury and how this threat can be minimised by frequent adjustments in the position
(Geistkemper, Murphy, Fleming, Lawrence, Silvestri & Hernandez, 2018, p. 3024435).
C. The effectiveness of education can be evaluated by observing the improvement in the
condition of the patient and observing the vital signs.
Q3.
A. When a problem with skin takes place wherein the stoma device is connected, pain and
itching also manifest and the device is hard to affix. Furthermore, preventive care should be
carried out to avoid skin problems. Surface findings around the stoma that are alerting to
postoperative issues are (Berti-Hearn & Elliott, 2019, pp. 68-78) –
 Abnormalities of the surrounding skin include redness (erythema)
 Maceration and erosion
 Hypopigmentation
 Ulcer and papule
B. When the skin problem arises in the stomal region, the skin may be cleaned with detergent by
moisturising and bubbles to mask the smudge. Then, clean the detergent ingredients with
enough warm water. Wipe the surface 3-4 times with a nonwoven cloth or soft tissue,
immersed in warm water, if the detergent is difficult to wash off (Berti-Hearn & Elliott,
2019, pp. 68-78).