Critical Evaluation of Infection Prevention and Control Practice
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AI Summary
This report evaluates infection prevention and control practices in hospitals, focusing on the case of infection control in Australia. Recommendations are provided for implementing safe and effective strategies.
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A critical evaluation of an
infection prevention and
control practice procedure or
policy
infection prevention and
control practice procedure or
policy
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT................................................................................................3
STRATEGY....................................................................................................................................5
EVALUATION...............................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT................................................................................................3
STRATEGY....................................................................................................................................5
EVALUATION...............................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Every organisation has set of procedures, policies, rules, regulations, practices and many
more other things which help in ensuring that the consumers and the employees of the company
are safe and sound. This must also ensure that the patients are receiving proper care more than
what they deserve. The hospital settings and the institutions must be able to identify and manage
the potential of its employees and must also ensure that the condition of the patient does not
worsens or there is no spread of the infections or even there must be no chances of the adverse
outcomes (Ari, 2020). In order to ensure this, the management of the hospitals must focus on the
employees and the ways in which they implement the appropriate practices and strategies. This
report will shed light on the hospitals of Australia and their procedures and the recent obtained
case of infection control. This will help in making recommendations which can help in
controlling the infection as well as implementing the strategies which can be safe, cost effective
and maintains the respect for the cultural values.
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
Infection control deals in preventing or spreading of the infections in the settings of
healthcare. The present time is the most evident example which can help in knowing the extent
to which infections easily spread and can lead to much adverse outcomes. This time of pandemic
of COVID-19 will also help the practitioners and the registered nurses to improve the services
and the care provided which can help in controlling the spread of the infection which is virus in
this case. This case is mostly focused on the example of a home care which consists of 34 bed
home catering which gives admission to the residents who are diagnosed with some disease or
infection and who have different kinds of catering requirements. In this case, the 12 residents and
2 staff got affected by the infection. This is identified by certain symptoms which included
headaches, sore throat, productive cough, depression, increased confusion and many other
symptoms (Jeyanathan and et.al., 2020). There were various teams which are working closely
with the home care and its setting which can help in analysing the ways in which the outbreak of
COVID-19 pandemic is managed in the most efficient way. The teams include the infection
prevention and control team and department of health and human service and many others. There
is n a need to improve the services and the effectiveness of these teams so that infection cannot
be spread and also no one in the settings get affected. There is an urgent need of some
3
Every organisation has set of procedures, policies, rules, regulations, practices and many
more other things which help in ensuring that the consumers and the employees of the company
are safe and sound. This must also ensure that the patients are receiving proper care more than
what they deserve. The hospital settings and the institutions must be able to identify and manage
the potential of its employees and must also ensure that the condition of the patient does not
worsens or there is no spread of the infections or even there must be no chances of the adverse
outcomes (Ari, 2020). In order to ensure this, the management of the hospitals must focus on the
employees and the ways in which they implement the appropriate practices and strategies. This
report will shed light on the hospitals of Australia and their procedures and the recent obtained
case of infection control. This will help in making recommendations which can help in
controlling the infection as well as implementing the strategies which can be safe, cost effective
and maintains the respect for the cultural values.
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
Infection control deals in preventing or spreading of the infections in the settings of
healthcare. The present time is the most evident example which can help in knowing the extent
to which infections easily spread and can lead to much adverse outcomes. This time of pandemic
of COVID-19 will also help the practitioners and the registered nurses to improve the services
and the care provided which can help in controlling the spread of the infection which is virus in
this case. This case is mostly focused on the example of a home care which consists of 34 bed
home catering which gives admission to the residents who are diagnosed with some disease or
infection and who have different kinds of catering requirements. In this case, the 12 residents and
2 staff got affected by the infection. This is identified by certain symptoms which included
headaches, sore throat, productive cough, depression, increased confusion and many other
symptoms (Jeyanathan and et.al., 2020). There were various teams which are working closely
with the home care and its setting which can help in analysing the ways in which the outbreak of
COVID-19 pandemic is managed in the most efficient way. The teams include the infection
prevention and control team and department of health and human service and many others. There
is n a need to improve the services and the effectiveness of these teams so that infection cannot
be spread and also no one in the settings get affected. There is an urgent need of some
3

recommendations for the hospital settings of Australia which can help in improving the hygiene
of the hospitals and also can help in saving the individuals from getting affected (Wu and et.al.,
2020). The infection control consultants must ensure that the hospital settings adhere to a
systematic procedure which must be regularly monitored and evaluated so that possible measures
could be taken to improve the same. This can be helpful in the current time of pandemic of
COVID-19. The outbreak of this virus and the pandemic must be managed very systematically
and properly so that the chain of infection can be broken and many people can be saved. There is
critical analysing and evaluation of the outbreak management procedure regarding the Outbreak
management planning in Aged care which must be set by Aged care quality and safety
commission. The management of the hospital settings needs to be suitable and appropriate which
can adhere to the procedures and policies and can also develop and implement the completely
new policies which can help in managing the changes needed for the improvement of symptoms
of the patient and quality of life (Dahab and et.al., 2020).
Infections basically occur when the germs or virus enter the body, increase in number and then
cause some kind of reactions in the body. There are many things which can cause infection to
occur which include a sources, susceptible person and transmission. Source is basically an
infectious agent which refers to bacteria, virus or other microbes. The people can also act as
source of germs in the healthcare settings it can include healthcare workers, patients, household
members and the visitors. Susceptible person deals in the people who are not vaccinated or they
are either not immune or they have weakened immune system. They act as way for the germs in
entering the body of humans. For occurring of the infection, germs need to enter the body of
susceptible person where they need to invade tissues and then cause reaction by multiplying.
Transmission is the path through which germs move to the susceptible person. Germs do not
have the ability to move themselves; they need a medium to move (Savitsky and et.al., 2020).
These include environment, medical equipments, contact like touching, inhalation or sharp
injuries etc. The government also needs to support the healthcare settings by providing various
resources which can help the companies in making changes in the policies whenever required.
These resources can help the healthcare settings in making improvements which shows the
readiness of the company for managing the outbreaks.
4
of the hospitals and also can help in saving the individuals from getting affected (Wu and et.al.,
2020). The infection control consultants must ensure that the hospital settings adhere to a
systematic procedure which must be regularly monitored and evaluated so that possible measures
could be taken to improve the same. This can be helpful in the current time of pandemic of
COVID-19. The outbreak of this virus and the pandemic must be managed very systematically
and properly so that the chain of infection can be broken and many people can be saved. There is
critical analysing and evaluation of the outbreak management procedure regarding the Outbreak
management planning in Aged care which must be set by Aged care quality and safety
commission. The management of the hospital settings needs to be suitable and appropriate which
can adhere to the procedures and policies and can also develop and implement the completely
new policies which can help in managing the changes needed for the improvement of symptoms
of the patient and quality of life (Dahab and et.al., 2020).
Infections basically occur when the germs or virus enter the body, increase in number and then
cause some kind of reactions in the body. There are many things which can cause infection to
occur which include a sources, susceptible person and transmission. Source is basically an
infectious agent which refers to bacteria, virus or other microbes. The people can also act as
source of germs in the healthcare settings it can include healthcare workers, patients, household
members and the visitors. Susceptible person deals in the people who are not vaccinated or they
are either not immune or they have weakened immune system. They act as way for the germs in
entering the body of humans. For occurring of the infection, germs need to enter the body of
susceptible person where they need to invade tissues and then cause reaction by multiplying.
Transmission is the path through which germs move to the susceptible person. Germs do not
have the ability to move themselves; they need a medium to move (Savitsky and et.al., 2020).
These include environment, medical equipments, contact like touching, inhalation or sharp
injuries etc. The government also needs to support the healthcare settings by providing various
resources which can help the companies in making changes in the policies whenever required.
These resources can help the healthcare settings in making improvements which shows the
readiness of the company for managing the outbreaks.
4
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STRATEGY
There is a need to developing and implementing various strategies which can help in
filling the gaps in the organisation with the infection control policies and procedures. This must
not be set randomly instead this must be according to the outbreak management planning in aged
care (2021) which can be considered as the most critical element of the outbreak management
planning. The major strategy which can be developed is that the policies and the procedures must
be monitored and evaluated regularly so that all the updates can be made accordingly. This can
be observed from the hospital settings that the procedures and the policies are not updated
according to the needs of the staff and the patients. For example, the practices of some
organisations are updated in 2019 which means that the pandemic of COVID-19 is not
considered in these practices. Therefore, the healthcare settings are not aware of the interventions
which need to be taken for controlling the infection due to the coronavirus. This is why; the
major strategy of the hospitals must be to update the policies according to the current situation of
the country and the patients (Baloran, 2020).
Another strategy for the hospital setting must be to follow the guidelines of the Aged Care
Quality and Safety Commission because this is observed that when the guidelines of the
standards are not followed in the hospitals then this can lead to stress in the nurses and the
practitioners because they are not aware of the standard interventions which needs to be followed
by them. Following the guidelines can help in setting the benchmarks and deciding about the best
interventions (Cai and et.al., 2020).
The infection prevention and control plan must be developed at the national level along in health
institutions which can help in preventing HAIs and controlling antibiotic resistance. A dedicated
and well-trained team can also prove to be good strategy to be established in all facilities of acute
care. At the international level, there must be link of the PCI plan to other relevant professional
plans and organizations. This was also observed that there must be development, implementation
and dissemination of Evidence-based guidelines. Healthcare settings must provide proper and
appropriate trainings to the medical personnel so that theoretical background can be understood
and also they come to know about the ways in which the recommendations can be applied in
their daily work. Compliance with the given guidelines must be monitored and evaluated. They
must provide all medical personnel with ongoing training on the application of the relevant
standards (Fritz and et.al., 2020). PCI experts, other medical personnel, and support personnel
5
There is a need to developing and implementing various strategies which can help in
filling the gaps in the organisation with the infection control policies and procedures. This must
not be set randomly instead this must be according to the outbreak management planning in aged
care (2021) which can be considered as the most critical element of the outbreak management
planning. The major strategy which can be developed is that the policies and the procedures must
be monitored and evaluated regularly so that all the updates can be made accordingly. This can
be observed from the hospital settings that the procedures and the policies are not updated
according to the needs of the staff and the patients. For example, the practices of some
organisations are updated in 2019 which means that the pandemic of COVID-19 is not
considered in these practices. Therefore, the healthcare settings are not aware of the interventions
which need to be taken for controlling the infection due to the coronavirus. This is why; the
major strategy of the hospitals must be to update the policies according to the current situation of
the country and the patients (Baloran, 2020).
Another strategy for the hospital setting must be to follow the guidelines of the Aged Care
Quality and Safety Commission because this is observed that when the guidelines of the
standards are not followed in the hospitals then this can lead to stress in the nurses and the
practitioners because they are not aware of the standard interventions which needs to be followed
by them. Following the guidelines can help in setting the benchmarks and deciding about the best
interventions (Cai and et.al., 2020).
The infection prevention and control plan must be developed at the national level along in health
institutions which can help in preventing HAIs and controlling antibiotic resistance. A dedicated
and well-trained team can also prove to be good strategy to be established in all facilities of acute
care. At the international level, there must be link of the PCI plan to other relevant professional
plans and organizations. This was also observed that there must be development, implementation
and dissemination of Evidence-based guidelines. Healthcare settings must provide proper and
appropriate trainings to the medical personnel so that theoretical background can be understood
and also they come to know about the ways in which the recommendations can be applied in
their daily work. Compliance with the given guidelines must be monitored and evaluated. They
must provide all medical personnel with ongoing training on the application of the relevant
standards (Fritz and et.al., 2020). PCI experts, other medical personnel, and support personnel
5

must use different training strategies and content. Training should include hands-on and
simulation training which can provide opportunities to the medical personnel to learn the ways in
identifying risks and preventive measures (Li and et.al., 2020). Sufficient personnel should be
assigned to receive education regarding the measures of infection prevention measures and
activities to control the infection. Also this can be recommended that the establishment of facility
surveillance related to HAI and the National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Plan for
guiding interventions and detecting the outbreaks. These must also involve the mechanisms
which can report the data to the stakeholders and the health workers. Microbiology and the
ability along with the laboratoriesā quality are considered as the important components which is
why standardized definitions and methodologies must be implemented. Hospital settings should
determine the priority of infection and pathogen surveillance. Tasks include systematically
assessing IPC implementation impact and compliance, discovering outbreaks, and responding
quickly to final HAI status description. IPC procedures must be implemented in a multiple mode
that is, using an integrated approach with multiple components (Perri, Dosani and Hwang, 2020).
The various common components which are identified include system changes, monitoring and
feedback, education and training, reminders, and cultural changes so these must be considered
properly. Hospital settings should regularly monitor and evaluate health practices at the
institutional, international, organisational and national levels. Evaluation must be done properly
so that feedback from the same can be provided to relevant personnel and stakeholders who can
take various steps and also develop strategies according to the evaluation, as well as individuals
who have been audited. The important thing is to monitor and feedback in an innocent and
unpunished manner. The two main serious problems identified at the time of sanitation and
facilities include Overcrowding and understaffing. Both are responsible for reducing the quality
of care and also help in increasing the spread of disease between patients and even between
practitioners, patients and visitors. This is recommended by the standard facilities that there must
be one patient per bed with at least 1 meter between the two beds. This can help in reducing the
spread of disease from one patient to the other. It must be ensured that sufficient personnel are
assigned according to the workload. Hospital settings must ensure that they provide care to the
patients in a very clean and completely hygienic environment (Chang and et.al., 2020). The
major foundation of all PCI programs which was observed is considered to be the hand hygiene.
In key areas such as bathrooms and during care, the hospital settings must provide the wash
6
simulation training which can provide opportunities to the medical personnel to learn the ways in
identifying risks and preventive measures (Li and et.al., 2020). Sufficient personnel should be
assigned to receive education regarding the measures of infection prevention measures and
activities to control the infection. Also this can be recommended that the establishment of facility
surveillance related to HAI and the National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Plan for
guiding interventions and detecting the outbreaks. These must also involve the mechanisms
which can report the data to the stakeholders and the health workers. Microbiology and the
ability along with the laboratoriesā quality are considered as the important components which is
why standardized definitions and methodologies must be implemented. Hospital settings should
determine the priority of infection and pathogen surveillance. Tasks include systematically
assessing IPC implementation impact and compliance, discovering outbreaks, and responding
quickly to final HAI status description. IPC procedures must be implemented in a multiple mode
that is, using an integrated approach with multiple components (Perri, Dosani and Hwang, 2020).
The various common components which are identified include system changes, monitoring and
feedback, education and training, reminders, and cultural changes so these must be considered
properly. Hospital settings should regularly monitor and evaluate health practices at the
institutional, international, organisational and national levels. Evaluation must be done properly
so that feedback from the same can be provided to relevant personnel and stakeholders who can
take various steps and also develop strategies according to the evaluation, as well as individuals
who have been audited. The important thing is to monitor and feedback in an innocent and
unpunished manner. The two main serious problems identified at the time of sanitation and
facilities include Overcrowding and understaffing. Both are responsible for reducing the quality
of care and also help in increasing the spread of disease between patients and even between
practitioners, patients and visitors. This is recommended by the standard facilities that there must
be one patient per bed with at least 1 meter between the two beds. This can help in reducing the
spread of disease from one patient to the other. It must be ensured that sufficient personnel are
assigned according to the workload. Hospital settings must ensure that they provide care to the
patients in a very clean and completely hygienic environment (Chang and et.al., 2020). The
major foundation of all PCI programs which was observed is considered to be the hand hygiene.
In key areas such as bathrooms and during care, the hospital settings must provide the wash
6

stations with soap, water, alcohol-based hand wipes and clean towels along with other hygienic
things. There must be implementation of standards of water quality and also environmental
sanitation. Furthermore, the other things such as personal protective equipment must be provided
at major care points along with other disposal sites that may contaminate materials.
The major people in the hospitals who are mainly responsible for deploying the measures for
epidemic prevention include the hospital directors, commander-in-chief of the COVID-19
Prevention and Control Command along with the hospital secretary. Along with all these, there
must be three deputy directors one in charge of the infection management department, one in
charge of the medical department and the other in charge of the nursing department. In addition,
there must also be the head of each department who is responsible for directly managing the 15
members of these three departments. This system of hierarchical responsibility favours the
improvement of work efficiency (Baloran, 2020). Based on the hospital's requirements, adjusted
the overall design and established new isolation rooms and sampling points for coronavirus
detection. Furthermore, a series of relatively independent areas must be established, including
fever clinic, emergency room, CT scanning room, emergency outpatient triage area and pediatric
emergency room. The isolation room must only consist of three areas and two "channels". These
three areas basically should include respectively contaminated area, potentially contaminated
area and clean area. One of the two channels must be reserved only for medical staff only and the
other must be reserved for patients who have some indicative symptoms. The design of the
isolation room must be specially adjusted to meet the needs of patients in each room with a
bathroom. The isolation room should be located on the second floor, a special containment room
must be established and the procedures for putting on and taking off medical protective clothing
and equipment must be strictly followed. In addition, dining and rest areas with showers and
bathrooms must be established for medical staff to use during the rotation of the nearby
ophthalmology ward (Van Zandvoort and et.al., 2020). The layout of emergency and outpatient
facilities must follow the principle of "one doctor, one patient in each clinic". Appropriately
placed warning signs and tape should be installed in the pre-examination classification, diagnosis
and treatment areas and outpatient registration. All these measures should be taken for ensuring
that the distance between each patient who is waiting in line is greater than 1.5 m. According to
the latest relevant regulations, requirements and standard procedures, trainings and meetings
related to the COVID-19 infection control in the hospital must be held in the hospital. A
7
things. There must be implementation of standards of water quality and also environmental
sanitation. Furthermore, the other things such as personal protective equipment must be provided
at major care points along with other disposal sites that may contaminate materials.
The major people in the hospitals who are mainly responsible for deploying the measures for
epidemic prevention include the hospital directors, commander-in-chief of the COVID-19
Prevention and Control Command along with the hospital secretary. Along with all these, there
must be three deputy directors one in charge of the infection management department, one in
charge of the medical department and the other in charge of the nursing department. In addition,
there must also be the head of each department who is responsible for directly managing the 15
members of these three departments. This system of hierarchical responsibility favours the
improvement of work efficiency (Baloran, 2020). Based on the hospital's requirements, adjusted
the overall design and established new isolation rooms and sampling points for coronavirus
detection. Furthermore, a series of relatively independent areas must be established, including
fever clinic, emergency room, CT scanning room, emergency outpatient triage area and pediatric
emergency room. The isolation room must only consist of three areas and two "channels". These
three areas basically should include respectively contaminated area, potentially contaminated
area and clean area. One of the two channels must be reserved only for medical staff only and the
other must be reserved for patients who have some indicative symptoms. The design of the
isolation room must be specially adjusted to meet the needs of patients in each room with a
bathroom. The isolation room should be located on the second floor, a special containment room
must be established and the procedures for putting on and taking off medical protective clothing
and equipment must be strictly followed. In addition, dining and rest areas with showers and
bathrooms must be established for medical staff to use during the rotation of the nearby
ophthalmology ward (Van Zandvoort and et.al., 2020). The layout of emergency and outpatient
facilities must follow the principle of "one doctor, one patient in each clinic". Appropriately
placed warning signs and tape should be installed in the pre-examination classification, diagnosis
and treatment areas and outpatient registration. All these measures should be taken for ensuring
that the distance between each patient who is waiting in line is greater than 1.5 m. According to
the latest relevant regulations, requirements and standard procedures, trainings and meetings
related to the COVID-19 infection control in the hospital must be held in the hospital. A
7
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questionnaire must be used to evaluate the information value of these measures. In addition to
the above measures, medical staff who goes to hospitals of Australia to support the national
response to COVID-19 must also receive occupational health and safety skills training,
especially skills related to wearing, disarming, and operating personal protective equipment.
Minimize the possibility of infection among medical staff. Carry out a comprehensive first-line
daily clinical examination, and improve the supervision and isolation room of fever clinic,
outpatient screening, pediatric emergency and outpatient department, outpatient respiratory
department, other clinics, emergency screening, emergency department, intensive care unit,
infusion room, temporary storage of medical waste and laboratory and other key departments,
Computer tomography room etc. (Woodruff and et.al., 2020). The key elements of this work
must include personal protection, patient management, hand hygiene, medical waste
management, disinfection and isolation, and medical organization management. Any problems
found through daily supervision and inspection should be evaluated and corrected on the urgent
basis. Medical staff must sit at the entrance of the hospital, must check the temperature of the
patients and should instruct them to fill out the developed forms. Medical staff must be strongly
reminded that after coming in contact with blood, excrement, vomit, body fluids, secretions and
objects that may be contaminated by the patient, they must wear clean gloves and also regularly
wash their hands after removing the gloves. In case of spilling of the other fluids or blood
secretions also, they must also be instructed to wear protective medical masks, goggles, and
waterproof clothing. In confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients, many protective measures
must be taken during tracheal intubation, non-invasive ventilation, manual ventilation before
intubation, tracheostomy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and bronchoscope. The following
measures must be taken: air isolation measures to reduce aerosols, use of medical masks, routine
tightness tests, use of glasses or masks to protect the eyes, use of long-sleeved gowns gloves to
prevent penetration of body fluids and good ventilation (Fritz and et.al., 2020). Operate the room
in an environment where adequate patient support is maintained where the number of people is
below the lowest possible limit. With regard to hand hygiene, the organization's guidelines for
the implementation of the "five-minute hand hygiene" method must be strictly in accordance
with the provisions of the "previously reported global health". Glove use is not a substitute for
hand hygiene, so staff must be reminded of the significance of maintaining hand hygiene after
glove removal. Reiterate to all employees that hand hygiene must be performed before putting on
8
the above measures, medical staff who goes to hospitals of Australia to support the national
response to COVID-19 must also receive occupational health and safety skills training,
especially skills related to wearing, disarming, and operating personal protective equipment.
Minimize the possibility of infection among medical staff. Carry out a comprehensive first-line
daily clinical examination, and improve the supervision and isolation room of fever clinic,
outpatient screening, pediatric emergency and outpatient department, outpatient respiratory
department, other clinics, emergency screening, emergency department, intensive care unit,
infusion room, temporary storage of medical waste and laboratory and other key departments,
Computer tomography room etc. (Woodruff and et.al., 2020). The key elements of this work
must include personal protection, patient management, hand hygiene, medical waste
management, disinfection and isolation, and medical organization management. Any problems
found through daily supervision and inspection should be evaluated and corrected on the urgent
basis. Medical staff must sit at the entrance of the hospital, must check the temperature of the
patients and should instruct them to fill out the developed forms. Medical staff must be strongly
reminded that after coming in contact with blood, excrement, vomit, body fluids, secretions and
objects that may be contaminated by the patient, they must wear clean gloves and also regularly
wash their hands after removing the gloves. In case of spilling of the other fluids or blood
secretions also, they must also be instructed to wear protective medical masks, goggles, and
waterproof clothing. In confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients, many protective measures
must be taken during tracheal intubation, non-invasive ventilation, manual ventilation before
intubation, tracheostomy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and bronchoscope. The following
measures must be taken: air isolation measures to reduce aerosols, use of medical masks, routine
tightness tests, use of glasses or masks to protect the eyes, use of long-sleeved gowns gloves to
prevent penetration of body fluids and good ventilation (Fritz and et.al., 2020). Operate the room
in an environment where adequate patient support is maintained where the number of people is
below the lowest possible limit. With regard to hand hygiene, the organization's guidelines for
the implementation of the "five-minute hand hygiene" method must be strictly in accordance
with the provisions of the "previously reported global health". Glove use is not a substitute for
hand hygiene, so staff must be reminded of the significance of maintaining hand hygiene after
glove removal. Reiterate to all employees that hand hygiene must be performed before putting on
8

protective equipment and after each step of the protective equipment removal operation, and then
wash hands under running water. The medical staff must be instructed to complete an epidemic
prevention and control form every day which includes basic information, travel vehicle details,
travel and return time, body temperature, respiratory symptoms, weakness and / or diarrhoea, and
others health conditions, and inform the doctor. In the personnel department, many outpatients
must be scheduled to attend appointments at different time frames to reduce patient density
(James and et.al., 2020). Patients with no abnormalities in routine blood tests and chest CT scan
must be admitted to the hospital and only COVID-19 nucleic acid negative patients underwent
surgery. Considering the small number of patients in each ward, the distance between beds can
be kept above 1 m. During the hospital stay, one person must only be allowed to take care of the
patient according to the "one person escort" policy. When entering or leaving the room, the
accompanying family members must provide a registered escort card, take their temperature and
get registered at the nursing station. Nursing staff must also undergo an epidemiological history
check on a regular basis, so they cannot be replaced unless there are special circumstances.
Instruct patients to wear masks as much as possible, and require accompanying family members
to wear masks (Chadi and et.al., 2020). The patients and their accompanying family members
must be instructed to adopt proper hand hygiene habits, must measure their body temperature
twice a day and must avoid meetings to reduce the risk of cross-infection.
EVALUATION
The evaluation consists of the monitoring and evaluating the strategies which were made
for preventing the infection due to COVID-19. This can be evaluated that training of the
employees and the staff is must that can be aware of infections which can be spread and they can
take the above mentioned steps to minimize its spread. Also the update in the policies of the
company and the healthcare institution must be done so that this can involve all the policies
needed for the current infections and diseases. Also, this can be evaluated that the medical staff if
managed and protected can become able to deliver the best service to the patients who do not
lead to spreading of the infections (Ho, Chee and Ho, 2020). Also, there must be establishment
of the central leading organisational structure which means there must be proper structure of the
organisation which can help the executives of the company to be aware of the need of certain
policies and the programs. The adjustment of the clinical departments layout must be done so
9
wash hands under running water. The medical staff must be instructed to complete an epidemic
prevention and control form every day which includes basic information, travel vehicle details,
travel and return time, body temperature, respiratory symptoms, weakness and / or diarrhoea, and
others health conditions, and inform the doctor. In the personnel department, many outpatients
must be scheduled to attend appointments at different time frames to reduce patient density
(James and et.al., 2020). Patients with no abnormalities in routine blood tests and chest CT scan
must be admitted to the hospital and only COVID-19 nucleic acid negative patients underwent
surgery. Considering the small number of patients in each ward, the distance between beds can
be kept above 1 m. During the hospital stay, one person must only be allowed to take care of the
patient according to the "one person escort" policy. When entering or leaving the room, the
accompanying family members must provide a registered escort card, take their temperature and
get registered at the nursing station. Nursing staff must also undergo an epidemiological history
check on a regular basis, so they cannot be replaced unless there are special circumstances.
Instruct patients to wear masks as much as possible, and require accompanying family members
to wear masks (Chadi and et.al., 2020). The patients and their accompanying family members
must be instructed to adopt proper hand hygiene habits, must measure their body temperature
twice a day and must avoid meetings to reduce the risk of cross-infection.
EVALUATION
The evaluation consists of the monitoring and evaluating the strategies which were made
for preventing the infection due to COVID-19. This can be evaluated that training of the
employees and the staff is must that can be aware of infections which can be spread and they can
take the above mentioned steps to minimize its spread. Also the update in the policies of the
company and the healthcare institution must be done so that this can involve all the policies
needed for the current infections and diseases. Also, this can be evaluated that the medical staff if
managed and protected can become able to deliver the best service to the patients who do not
lead to spreading of the infections (Ho, Chee and Ho, 2020). Also, there must be establishment
of the central leading organisational structure which means there must be proper structure of the
organisation which can help the executives of the company to be aware of the need of certain
policies and the programs. The adjustment of the clinical departments layout must be done so
9

that all the departments of the hospital know about the process of screening and sampling which
is must at the time of pandemic of COVID-19 (Savitsky and et.al., 2020). Also, at the facility
level, the environment must be built so that all the facilities ensure that the patients are living in a
very clean and hygienic place so that if they see any dirty things which spread the infection can
be removed. The workload and the beds must be managed so that this can increase the quality of
care delivered to the patients. Also the feedbacks from the patients can help in knowing about the
hidden areas where the improvements are needed which are not noticed by the registered nurses.
This is how all these strategies can be evaluated by following the standards of IPC.
CONCLUSION
The above report focussed on the prevention of the infection at the time of pandemic of
COVID-19. This was initiated by examining the concept of infections and its spread in the
healthcare settings. Also, this highlighted about the various gaps in the healthcare settings which
must be filled in order to prevent infection. The report also described various strategies which
can help in bringing improvements in the hospitals of Australia and the infection spread can be
minimized. All the strategies mentioned were clearly and systematically evaluated according to
the standards of IPC. This is how, the healthcare settings can be improved and infection spread
can be minimized.
10
is must at the time of pandemic of COVID-19 (Savitsky and et.al., 2020). Also, at the facility
level, the environment must be built so that all the facilities ensure that the patients are living in a
very clean and hygienic place so that if they see any dirty things which spread the infection can
be removed. The workload and the beds must be managed so that this can increase the quality of
care delivered to the patients. Also the feedbacks from the patients can help in knowing about the
hidden areas where the improvements are needed which are not noticed by the registered nurses.
This is how all these strategies can be evaluated by following the standards of IPC.
CONCLUSION
The above report focussed on the prevention of the infection at the time of pandemic of
COVID-19. This was initiated by examining the concept of infections and its spread in the
healthcare settings. Also, this highlighted about the various gaps in the healthcare settings which
must be filled in order to prevent infection. The report also described various strategies which
can help in bringing improvements in the hospitals of Australia and the infection spread can be
minimized. All the strategies mentioned were clearly and systematically evaluated according to
the standards of IPC. This is how, the healthcare settings can be improved and infection spread
can be minimized.
10
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ari, A. (2020). Practical strategies for a safe and effective delivery of aerosolized medications to
patients with COVID-19. Respiratory Medicine, 105987.
Baloran, E. T. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and coping strategies of students during
COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Loss and Trauma. 25(8). 635-642.
Cai, H. & et.al., (2020). Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in
Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China. Medical science monitor: international medical
journal of experimental and clinical research. 26. e924171-1.
Chadi, S. A. & et.al., (2020). Current evidence for minimally invasive surgery during the
COVID-19 pandemic and risk mitigation strategies: a narrative review. Annals of
surgery. 272(2). e118.
Chang, Y. T. & et.al., (2020). Infection control measures of a Taiwanese hospital to confront the
COVIDā19 pandemic. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences. 36(5). 296-304.
Dahab, M. & et.al., (2020). COVID-19 control in low-income settings and displaced populations:
what can realistically be done?. Conflict and health. 14(1). 1-6.
Fritz, M. A. & et.al., (2020). Moving forward with dysphagia care: implementing strategies
during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Dysphagia, 1-9.
Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Mental health strategies to combat the psychological
impact of COVID-19 beyond paranoia and panic. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 49(1). 1-3.
James, A. & et.al., (2020). Suppression and mitigation strategies for control of COVID-19 in
New Zealand. medRxiv.
Jeyanathan, M. & et.al., (2020). Immunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine
strategies. Nature Reviews Immunology. 20(10). 615-632.
Li, L. & et.al., (2020). Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Annals of
intensive care. 10(1). 1-9.
Perri, M., Dosani, N., & Hwang, S. W. (2020). COVID-19 and people experiencing
homelessness: challenges and mitigation strategies. CMAJ. 192(26). E716-E719.
Savitsky, B. & et.al., (2020). Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the
covid-19 pandemic. Nurse Education in Practice. 46. 102809.
11
Books and Journals
Ari, A. (2020). Practical strategies for a safe and effective delivery of aerosolized medications to
patients with COVID-19. Respiratory Medicine, 105987.
Baloran, E. T. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and coping strategies of students during
COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Loss and Trauma. 25(8). 635-642.
Cai, H. & et.al., (2020). Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in
Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China. Medical science monitor: international medical
journal of experimental and clinical research. 26. e924171-1.
Chadi, S. A. & et.al., (2020). Current evidence for minimally invasive surgery during the
COVID-19 pandemic and risk mitigation strategies: a narrative review. Annals of
surgery. 272(2). e118.
Chang, Y. T. & et.al., (2020). Infection control measures of a Taiwanese hospital to confront the
COVIDā19 pandemic. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences. 36(5). 296-304.
Dahab, M. & et.al., (2020). COVID-19 control in low-income settings and displaced populations:
what can realistically be done?. Conflict and health. 14(1). 1-6.
Fritz, M. A. & et.al., (2020). Moving forward with dysphagia care: implementing strategies
during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Dysphagia, 1-9.
Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Mental health strategies to combat the psychological
impact of COVID-19 beyond paranoia and panic. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 49(1). 1-3.
James, A. & et.al., (2020). Suppression and mitigation strategies for control of COVID-19 in
New Zealand. medRxiv.
Jeyanathan, M. & et.al., (2020). Immunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine
strategies. Nature Reviews Immunology. 20(10). 615-632.
Li, L. & et.al., (2020). Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Annals of
intensive care. 10(1). 1-9.
Perri, M., Dosani, N., & Hwang, S. W. (2020). COVID-19 and people experiencing
homelessness: challenges and mitigation strategies. CMAJ. 192(26). E716-E719.
Savitsky, B. & et.al., (2020). Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the
covid-19 pandemic. Nurse Education in Practice. 46. 102809.
11

Van Zandvoort, K. & et.al., (2020). Response strategies for COVID-19 epidemics in African
settings: a mathematical modelling study. BMC medicine. 18(1). 1-19.
Woodruff, A. & et.al., (2020). COVID-19 infection: strategies on when to Discontinue isolation,
a retrospective study. American journal of infection control. 48(9). 1032-1036.
Wu, A. W. & et.al., (2020). COVID-19: peer support and crisis communication strategies to
promote institutional resilience.
12
settings: a mathematical modelling study. BMC medicine. 18(1). 1-19.
Woodruff, A. & et.al., (2020). COVID-19 infection: strategies on when to Discontinue isolation,
a retrospective study. American journal of infection control. 48(9). 1032-1036.
Wu, A. W. & et.al., (2020). COVID-19: peer support and crisis communication strategies to
promote institutional resilience.
12
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