Critique of Smoking Cessation Study

This essay critically analyzes an evaluation study on smoking cessation, examining its ethical considerations, research design, sample selection, data collection methods, and reporting standards. It highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the study, providing insights into the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions and the importance of ethical research practices.

A CRITIQUE OF THE EVALUATION
STUDY

Table of Contents
TITLE: A critique of the evaluation study “Smoking cessation: qualitative analysis”...................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................2
Ethical considerations.................................................................................................................2
An overview and critiques of research design............................................................................3
An overview and critique of study sample and data collection methods....................................5
Evaluation study reporting standard............................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFEREENCES............................................................................................................................10

TITLE: A critique of the evaluation study “Smoking cessation: qualitative analysis”.
INTRODUCTION
The health promotion and its intervention program are focused on promoting health
literacy. The health promotion program aim is to engage and empower individuals and
communities to select healthy and positive behaviour and also to make changes that help to
reduce risk of developing health awareness in people. It is process which is include enabling
person to gain control and improve health (Abrol, Prajapati and Singh, 2017). Its evaluation is
very important and effective for people because Smoking affect and harm to human body. The
present study is evaluation of article which is focused on progression by smoking cessation
which is qualitative analysis for unsuccessful, successful and never quitters. The evaluation will
be based on research design of study, data collection and ethical consideration.
Aim of evaluation
Tombor and et.al., 2018, was focused on deriving Progression towards smoking cessation
with the help of qualitative analysis.
Evaluation participants
Participants in the research are sampled with the help of Purposive sampling method. The
sampled participant are divided into three group like Ex-smokers, current smokers they attempt
to quit and last present smokers who are not attempt to quit.
Research design
The research design use here is qualitative research which provide important inputs for
the intervention development. The design helps the scholar in logical reasoning and critical
thinking which helps in assessing all the facts of collected information. It provides insights into
problems and help to develop ideas for the potential research.
Data collection
Data collection refers the process which is select collecting data and information from all
relevant sources to found the answers to the research problems (Cahill, Hartmann‐Boyce and
Perera, 2015). Scholar accumulated information with the helps of primary data collection method
because the methods helps in collecting fresh information and therefore assisting in drawing
relevant findings and conclusion.
Summary of evaluation
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The health evaluation is very important and effective to understand the health concerns in
effective manner. This help to understand people passage between phases of not making to leave
to shopping of smoking with success but its important to optimize the intervention. This study is
help to explore the difference in attitudes towards smoking and quit to smoker and ex-smokers.
For that interview conducted and data analysis by using appropriate framework analysis. The
typology with descriptive characteristics like aware about smokers, forced attempters, struggling,
Ex-smokers, non-smokers (Cahill and et.al., 2016). This help to aware about smoking harm and
this affect to body. This help designs and the finding of the health promotion intervention
targeting peoples and their health concerns. Here, is mentioned the recommendation for the
growth of positive ways. In accordance with findings it can be recommended that creating
awareness among smokers about negative effect of smoking is the way to gain support of people
on smoking cessation.
MAIN BODY
Ethical considerations
Adhering to ethics is the vital aspect of rese arch as it helps in deriving right and wrong of
the study. Seeking ethical approval on research information helps the scholar in managing
confidentiality of collected and analyse information. Considering ethics in investigation helps is
beneficial step which reduces the risks of getting bias results. In present research on progression
smoking cessation scholar gained approval from SSS which is the research ethics are committee
with the NHS trusts. The ethical consideration reduces the risks of dilemma where researcher is
unable to derive wrong and right of the situation or collected information (Charles Jr,
Schmidheiny and Watts, 2017).
In the absence of ethical consideration approval, the research study and evaluation are not
valid and the work lacks reliability and validity. This is very important and effective part of the
evaluation study at the time of research. The SSS is ensure about the sample includes smokers
with intensive behavioural support aid for this cessation. This established for providing
behavioural support with the pharmacotherapy free to all smokers at the point of access services.
The SSS principle are framed to deliver quality and safe patient care.
At the time of research, researcher face the various issues of confidentiality, consent and
anonymity of research. The confidentiality is a process of protecting an individual privacy. The
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confidentiality refers and involves the set of rules which is executed by the confidentiality in the
three elements which are normally required from the contract. It is the central preservation trust
between the doctor and patients. It helps to improve patient welfare. The confidentiality of data
and information of research is also very important and therefore it I important for the scholar to
set standards for own research information (De Brentani and Kleinschmidt, 2015).
The participants query is important to be addressed over phone, location for interviews.
For the collecting data and information here is concerns the interview, interview consent record
and participants complete a background questionnaire. In this conventions evaluation long term
affect to smoking cessation treatment. The interview lasted 45-60 minutes and conduct by the
researcher. The researcher follows snowballing techniques by asking other participants. This
support to the discussion with the effective source. This addressed in the study which is valuable
and effective for the study to work in effective manner. Generally, the ethical consideration is
considering respect for dignity with their participants at prioritised.
The protection of privacy of participants is ensured by scholars where research gained
informed consent of participants. No participants were forced to answer beyond privacy concerns
which helps in managing simplified accumulation of information. The adequate level of
confidentiality of the research date is ensure. Any type of the communication in relate to the
research be done with honesty and transparency. The ethical consideration is important to gather
data and information related to the evaluation study in appropriate way. In that have to maintain
the high level of objectives in the discussion and analysis by the research. In this researcher not
made any type of force on the respondents and participants. The privacy and anonymity are a
paramount important (Fox and Alldred, 2015). In this study scholar recorded consent of
participants before interview and when the participants completed questionnaire.
An overview and critiques of research design
The research design derives the plan which assists in addressing research objectives. In
this evaluation of study of smoking cessation researcher uses a qualitative research. This have
aimed to provide a final and conclusive answer the research question. It involves by the
understanding of the people smoking and quitting behaviour. This research method is providing
the important inputs for the intervention development and generation for evidence based
practices (Whittaker and et.al., 2016). This study help explores peoples go by the smoking to
non-smoking with help of exploring various attitudes of peoples. They are not attempting to quit
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and engaged with the SSS at either successful or unsuccessful in leave attempts. This research
design helps to make plans for research question. This approach is help to provides a rigorous
methodology analysis. It has been designed for use in the social policy research. The framework
is help to analysis or takes subtle realist stance regarding data. It is an objective reality in the
world independent the our understanding of it, but in that ways this reality accessed by the
perspectives of them.
It is more focusing on exploring the issues, understanding of actual problems which are
enabled to answer the questions. The qualitative research design has the strength and weakness
which areas there. The strength of this design are all the problems and the topics cover under this
topic and thus focuses on the small business group which ultimately not require more expense as
compared to the quantitative research method (Gachoka, 2015). In this data collect which is
based on the genuine efforts and it provide the clear vision expected. Other hand, this has a
weakness which are as data is collected form the small group because assumptions cannot made
by anyone for information. The collection of statistical data is not easy and cannot do by other
using this method. It's difficult to the demonstrate, maintain the rigidity to date. However, the
smoking cessation which identifies readiness to quit and designing a plan is also used by the
qualitative research design which is done by the professor Cortney M. Mospan.
As compared to qualitative design with the other which is qualitative research not affect
the numbers and mathematical calculations. This research is associated with the words, sound
and other elements. This study has aimed to ensure a great level of depth understanding and
qualitative data collection method. This includes interviews, questionnaires, group focus,
observation, game or role playing at various case studies (Taylor and et.al., 2017). the Other
hand, the quantitative research design is relates to the mathematical calculation in various
formats. There are various methods which are helping to has done study by calculating
regression, mean, mode and median. Its take a short time in evaluation and done study in an
effective manner. Moreover, due to a high level of standardisation of this method, is made very
easiest comparisons of findings and works. As compared to the quantitative design, the
qualitative research design is to use and easy to work. This research method is supportive and
effective for the work.
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An overview and critique of study sample and data collection methods.
Study sample and data collection method is effective and valuable for the evaluation
study and its growth at marketplace. Here is very important to evaluate the smoker cessations.
The critique of study sample and data collection method which are as follows:
Study sample
The sampling used as aim top recruit participants on effective basis on key characteristics
pertinent to research questions. This covers a whole spectrum of the smokers. For this study
participants recruited in the one of the three groups ex-smokers, current smokers and current
smokers (Greenhalgh and et.al., 2016). The ex-smokers are attempt to quit at the SSS and
succeed and quit its. Current smokers has attempted to leave on SSS but fail for achieve goals of
their own work. Last the current smokers has considered suitable for quitting peoples who are
interested for leave smoking. The sample size is suitable to achieve saturation, participant to
diversity and to allow for in depth analysis. The samples are ensure to include smokers had
engaged with the intensive behavioural support to aid cessation. The finding demographics and
smoking characteristics consist chart one, that is used for qualitative sub group analysis and to
develop way of conducting the business. Here was mentioned the seven themes, with 22
associated sub theme organized into the chart. By collecting the sample by the key theme is
starting to the smoke, like in that the participants recounted extrinsic motivation for the early
experimentation such as that influences to families and friends.
This emphasis the more internal anchored reasons for starting to the smoke by the
curiosity. This design is help to collect the data from the participants. The committed smokers
gradually more contingent form the smoking related effects is that not necessary admit personal
susceptibility. However, without significantly strong motivation aware smokers not be attempts.
The incentivise and coercion help to increase motivation to quit by including positive and
negative feelings and this create the expectation of the rewards (Hartmann‐Boyce and et.al.,
2016). The motivation is a very important for quit the smoking by the peoples because it harm to
peoples in negative ways. With the help of sample give the education about smoking cessations
to the peoples who are attempted to quit smoking and also to them who are not attempted to quit
as per the SSS. It is important to quit this because this help to improve their health this increase
risk of lung cancer, throat cancer, heart disease and high blood pressures. By quitting this look
better because this create the face wrinkles, stained teeth and dull skins. Research participants are
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help to done the study in effective manner and also in good ways. The implication of this model
suggested that to the smokers need to first made aware of the negative affect of the smoking,
consist with the effective work in this areas.
Data collection method
The data collection is method which is used for collect data from the marketplace for the
study to achieve and fulfil the aims, objectives, findings, conclusion and recommendation. There
are various methods of data collection in order gather information form asking and taking
interview from the participants. The techniques of data collection are as here like interview,
questionnaires, or survey, group discussion, case studies and observation. interview conducted
by the person or over the telephones. In this interviewer asked question from the participants and
against of this participant give answer of this questions (Kawakami, Barczak and Durmuşoğlu,
2015). This have the strength such as cost effectiveness, generalization and reliability. Other
hand it have weakness which are the inflexibility to the peoples and lack of depth information.
For example: face to face conversation by parent of at the risky for youth can help to understand
the issues. Meanwhile, the other study smoking cessations, in this author is also use the interview
methods to collect data and information with the peoples.
The second method to collect data is questionnaires and survey, in this respondents be
analysed with the quantitative methods by assigning numerical values to the type of scale. In this
result of survey give satisfaction by the survey and opinion. The questionnaires methods and
techniques is also effective and help to understand the discourse participants like socio
demographic, accounts and smoking data collected. It has the strength and weakness at the time
of study evaluation in effective ways. The strength of this help to take information from large
number of peoples to reached easily and economically to the smoking cessations. The aim of this
study to explore difference in attitudes towards smoking and quit the smoker and Ex-smokers. In
that have disadvantage like peoples and participants can skip the questions and forget to analysis
the issues at the time of answering the questions (Lancaster and Stead, 2017).
The observation is the good sources for provide additional information about the
particular group in that use video to provide documentation. It is the effective and valuable for
done evaluation of study in manner to finding of the research and questions. This can provide the
qualitative like narrative data. For study suggest that awareness of the negative effects of the
smoking is to use the observation method. The strength of this method is to simplest method to
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use and work on this. It does not requires more technical knowledge. In this method, researcher
is depended on the information provided by the respondents. This have weakness like some of
the occurrences not be open to observation in this learn in this personal behaviour or secret
activities. But it create the lack of reliability because observation is not controllable. The
qualitative research design is included by the questionnaires, interview and observation of the
study material (Lindson‐Hawley, Thompson and Begh, 2015). With the help of observation
researcher can observe the current and future health problems which provided triggers to quit.
The focus on group it is also a method of data collection. In this researcher gather data
and information from the combining perspectives and opinions of peoples. This have some
strength and weakness which are as here this often the decision quality is higher in the group
because group as a whole can be generate more complete information and knowledge. This give
the better solution for the work and effective decision making for the smoking cessations. By this
method they are able to analysis the blood pressures check and high bit association with the
smoking and cardiovascular problems (Nash and Browne, 2016). The weakness of this method to
explore the smoking cessations are group decision usually takes the more times for often the
decision as per the view. Because in this participants are give their view without waiting for
anyone complete.
In the smoking cessations to identify ready to quit and designing a plan study is discussed
and assess the patients motivation and readiness for quit the smoking and identify the barriers
quitting in the effective ways. In this discuss previous quit attempts in the timelines. This study is
similar with this smoking cessations because of in this also includes and shows by harmful for
the body and give ways to quit this by the peoples. The difference is shows the E-Cigarettes with
their physician, like in this clinicians expect more patients to ask about the using this in
cessations attempts.
Evaluation study reporting standard.
The evaluation study report is achieve a good reporting standard. With the help of the
effective study and research based on smoking cessations. It is the effective and valuable for the
business and its effectiveness. In this study, the research design is use the qualitative which is
effective and easy. This research design is justified and valuable for the study and also workful.
The smoking cessations which is search differences at attitudes with the smoking and quitting
smokers and to the ex-smokers. Qualitative research design is justified at there and also used to
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effective ways. The data collection method is used in this study which is interview and
questionnaires methods (Stead and Lancaster, 2017). At the evaluation of the study is smoking
cessations is justified and effectively used at their. It is describe at their in effective and correct
manner. The evaluation of study in effective manner.
This method is claim to achieve develop an description of this process which be
applicable across the different tobacco control context. This data collection method is give all the
information which is related to the topic is like smoking cessation. It is valuable and helpful for
the research to done the study in effective manner. The data analysis the method is used in study
by the interview video recorded because of interview is the effective and valuable which is help
to done study in effective manner (Stead, Carroll and Lancaster, 2017). In this, researcher take
face to face views of participants and peoples among the evaluation of the study is smoking
cessations. The all information and data is effective and justified in nature which is done by
effectively.
One of the study have the limitations are participants which are recruited by the
geographically or demographically similar by SSS using the snowballing,m resulting in
homogeneous sample. That is not in representative of the adults smokers at the time of finding. It
not generalize the broader context, research is provide an important and effectiveness sources for
guidances which is inform development of evidences based smoking cessations intervention
(Stead and et.al., 2016). The other limitations is the data which is collected and develop invariant
description of process of cession, that proposed the typologies and model which is relevant
despite recent changes in the smoking cessations. The finding support by the former centre for
the tobacco control study.
CONCLUSION
From the above research it had been concluded that the smoking awareness with negative
effects of smoking the foundation of the progression towards the smoking cessation. The heath
has concerns with other motive forces instigated by the internal or external environmental forces
influences which is quit attempts. It has transitioning to the long term cessation requires the
motivation to be the strengthened by a personal commitment and changes in identify. They
intervention has gave purposeful work for the target factors. By including smoking who ahas
ready to leave this and also to them who has not leave this. As per the differences and similarities
between those have or not to have to made the past quit attempts, our finding and discussion has
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consistent with last work. That has show unawareness for those who has effectively ready for
attempt to quit. In this research has identified an important aspect of the one of the social identity
thus it has the part of the group of the smokers the risk of smoking and undermine quit attempts.
This study has alternative cessation to changes the extrinsic motivator and at least in the part.
That has effective of the policy to changes as increasing smoking bans.
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REFEREENCES
Books and journals
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