Assignment on Operating Systems
9 Pages2687 Words326 Views
Added on 2019-10-18
Assignment on Operating Systems
Added on 2019-10-18
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A deadlock in the Operating System is a known phenomenon in the tech-savvy world. In theblog, the extensive idea about what deadlocks are in the Operating System will be discussed.But before that, we shall have a quick and brief understanding of what an operating system is.You can only have a clear idea about deadlocks if you can have the detailed knowledge aboutthe operating system where it works. This blog will help in understanding the concept to thosewho are already enriched about the basic tech knowledge. Besides this, it will also help thosewho are willing to gain some insight into this topic from beginning. An operating system, in general, refers to the consolidated set of software which is present in acomputer. When the system of hardware and software work together they result in providing therequired service to the end consumer. The concept of an operating system is made clear. Now,some examples shall be put forward to relate it in the real world and clarify any other query. Thecommon examples of Operating Systems are Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS, Google's AndroidOS, Apple macOS, and Linux OS. So, let’s begin with the definition of deadlock and the types ofdeadlock and so forth.Deadlock: A Frequent Problem for OperatorsDeadlock is nowadays a very frequent problem in multiprocessing. It occurs when numerousprocesses share a specific resource famous as software or soft lock. The interaction amongvarious processes as well as resources can cause problems known as deadlock. It is a non-deterministic bug that can occur in a parallel system. These kinds of bugs are difficult to checkand debug. A deadlock in an operating system is a condition when every process waits for aresource acquired by other processes. It is a series of blocked processes holding a resource andwaiting for accessing extra resources assigned with another one. In the situation of deadlock,none of the programs can continue until another program releases resources. Therefore, it
becomes difficult for the users to continue with their programs. Besides this, it is also annoyingwhen the system hangs frequently. This usually occurs in multitasking as well as client-server circumstances. Earlier, systems usedto run only a single program at a time assigning all the resources to that program. Afterwards,multiples programs were run simultaneously on the operating system. In this case, programsneeded to identify the resources in advance they require to complete their tasks. This method isused for avoiding conflicts with another task executing simultaneously. Ultimately, some OSprovided an active distribution of resources. Programs ask for further distribution of theresources after starting their execution and this led to the occurrence of deadlock.Deadlock can also be defined as a situation two computer program uses same resource of dataand they share access. During the deadlock situation, these computer programs will hinder eachothers' way. Most importantly, the access to the shared resource would be denied to both of theseprograms during deadlocks. Furthermore, as an ultimate result, the functions of both of thesecomputer programs stop or collapse. As already said, the problems of the deadlock wererelatively lower in the OS of computers earlier. This is because the previous operating systemsallowed the functioning of only one computer at a time. This minimized any chance of conflictregarding the access of resources between two or multiple computer programs. Hence deadlocksin the Operating System were less. However, in the recently programmed OS, with betterinterface and processors, multiple programs run at the same time. When that happens, theprobability and instances of the programs overstepping the other while accessing the resourcesalso increase. The existence of deadlocks affects the performance of the programs. In addition tothis, it also negatively influences the output and slows down the process.
To curtail this situation, provisions were made. The operators of the programs were required togive prior notifications and specifications about the resources that they operate on. This wouldminimize the conflicts of the co-existing programs. However, in recent times, operating systemshave come up with the allocation of resources that are dynamic. In this system, programs thatstarted running with a specific resource can request other resources while the program is running.This again takes the problem of deadlocks to square one. The system has the definite number of resources to be distributed among the processes. It isevident that the computer processes need various types of resources to complete execution ofactivities. However, these resources are approved in systematic order. These include- requesting,waiting and realizing:Requesting: Resources are asked for by the processes.Waiting: The operating system grants accessible resources. In the case of unavailabilityof resources as well as demanding resources, the process is required to wait. Realizing: The process utilizes the accessible resources and releases it on completion ofthe tasks.If there is no resource available, none of the programs can execute since the release ofresources they need. The request resources are associated with other programs that are alsowaiting for resources held by some other programs. Now, we shall move forward to the causes ofdeadlocks.Causes of deadlocks in the operating system A deadlock in operating system arises when the following four conditions hold at the same timein the system:
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