A duopoly refers to a market structure where two firms dominate, exhibiting characteristics of oligopolies such as barriers to entry, interdependent actions, and non-price competition. The Australian retail market is an example of this, with Woolworths Ltd and Coles Pty Ltd being the largest supermarket chains. Woolworths has adopted strategies like GEMMnet and a company website to remain ahead in the market, while Coles focuses on controlling prices through its significant market share.