Globalization and Culture: Impact Analysis

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The provided assignment is a comprehensive analysis of the impact of globalization on various aspects of society, including culture, psychology, education, business, and human resources management. It requires students to critically evaluate the effects of globalization on these areas and provide in-depth insights into the topic. The assignment draws from a range of sources, including academic papers, articles, and online resources, making it a valuable learning tool for students.

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RESEARCH
PROJECT

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Table of Contents
TITLE:.............................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................3
Project description.......................................................................................................................3
Research Aims............................................................................................................................3
Research Objectives ...................................................................................................................3
Research Questions ....................................................................................................................4
Reasons for choosing this project...............................................................................................4
Activities and Time scales..........................................................................................................4
CHAPTER2: LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................6
CHAPTER3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................10
CHAPTER4: DATA ANALYSES................................................................................................12
CHAPTER5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION......................................................22
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................22
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................23
CHAPTER6: PERSONAL REFLECTIVE STATEMENT...........................................................23
Reflection..................................................................................................................................23
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................25
.......................................................................................................................................................26
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TITLE:
“To identify the impact of positive economic, cultural and ethical impact of globalization
on human resources”. A study on Marks and Spencer plc.
CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION
Project description
Globalisation refers to the free movement of goods and services across boundaries. This
movement can be managed in a united manner. Further, it can be seen as a scheme to open the
global economy as well as associated growth in trade. Goods that were found in Western
countries can now be found across the globe (Nayak, 2016). Thus, globalisation of economy
simply indicates the interaction of country relating to production, trading and financial
transactions with developed industrialised countries of the world. Some factors of globalisation
are:-
Permitting free flow of goods and services by removing trade barriers between countries.
Creating environment for flow of capital between the countries.
Allowing free flow of technology transfer.
Thus, the proponents of globalisation especially from the developed countries purposely
limit the definition of globalisation only in three components, i.e., unrestricted trade flows,
capital flows and technology flows. They do not want to include the free flow of labour in the
factors of globalisation set by them.
Research Aims
“To identify the impact of positive economic, cultural and ethical impact of globalization
on human resources”. A study on Marks and Spencer plc.
Research Objectives
To study the concept of globalisation.
To determine the favourable economic, cultural and ethical impact of globalisation on
Mark and Spencer.
To study the role of human resources in globalisation.
To study the barriers of globalisation which leads to negative impact for Mark and
Spencer.
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Research Questions
Are you aware about the concept of globalisation?
What will be the impact of globalisation on economic, cultural and ethics of Mark and
Spencer?
What is the role of human resources in globalisation?
What are the different obstacles of globalisation in Mark and Spencer?
Reasons for choosing this project
The rationale or reason behind choosing this project was that the concept of globalisation
is growing and rising at rapid rate (Monshipouri, Welch and Kennedy, 2017). It is acting as an
opportunity for the company to grow and expand the businesses into the global world for the
purpose of establishing global presence and earn higher amount of profitability and revenue. The
organisation which will be considered for this research is Mark and Spencer which has initiated
its business operations from the year 1884 and it deals in retail industry. This company is
operating at global level and has strong goodwill and brand awareness. So this has put focus on
identifying and analysing the external opportunities for the business organisation such that the
desired research aims and objectives can be attained effectively and efficiently.
Activities and Time scales
In the research, there are combinations of different activities which takes place. Such
activities are helps in meeting the research aims and objectives effectively and efficiently
(Melluish, 2014). The following are the different activities discussed below:
Activities Time required to be taken by each activity
(weeks)
Introduction 2
Setting aims and objectives 3
Literature review 3
Research methodology 5
Collection of data 4
Analysis of data 2

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Conclusion and
recommendations
3
Submission of final report 2
Gantt chart: This chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates project schedule. This chart
shows the start and finish dates of various elements of project that includes resources, tasks and
dependencies (Lumby and Foskett, 2016). Henry Gantt, an American mechanical engineer
designed the Gantt chart. This chart is widely used in project management. These charts are
useful in planning the projects and defining the sequence of tasks that require completion. Gantt
chart identifies tasks that may be executed in parallel and those that cannot be started or finished
until other tasks are completed. This chart shows the slack time or additional time for completion
of a task.
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CHAPTER2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Concept of Globalisation
According to Melina Kolb, 2019, Globalisation is the process of integration of economies
which result in more social, political and economical interaction across cultural and national
boundaries. It fosters free trade and spread of information, technology and job across boundary
lines of a nation. This leads to more interdependence of nations and represent a trend towards
creation of single world culture (Tu, 2014).
Advantages – globalisation helps in creating more employment by providing better
opportunities for innovation and creativity at international level. Encouragement to free flow of
goods and services, reduces cost of production and providing better quality products at low
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prices. It also promote improvement in standard of living through increased diversification and
economic expansion. Globalisation also providing social justice and reduce chances of labour
exploitation by providing more freedom to labour to work in different countries at international
level.
Disadvantages – globalisation has increased the level of competition globalisation thus
have a negative impact on local economies and lead to exploitation of developing countries. It is
more beneficial wealthy and developed countries and increase the economic gap between rich
and people through raising inequality of income (Steger, 2017). It also lead to unequal
distribution of resources and make it easier to cheat people by using improper or fake
communication channel. Globalisation also lead to degradation of environment and spread of
deadly diseases. It lead to creation of a new political system which is having a negative influence
on legislation and policy of nations resulted in more chances of political or social conflicts.
To determine the favourable economic, cultural and ethical impact of globalisation on
Mark and Spencer
According to Mahmood Monshipouri, 2019, Mark and Spencer is a multinational British
retailer dealing in high quality clothing, food products and home products .Being an international
company, globalisation process has affected its business operations to a great extent.
Globalisation lead to wide and rapid spread of goods, services and technologies growing scale of
cross – border trade and increased interdependence of world economies. It lead to development
of science and technologies helps in increasing the phase of growth for all economies of world. It
reduces the transportation and communication cost resulted in cost reduction for international
trade and helps in organising and coordinating global production which is very beneficial for
Mark and Spencer to work at international level. Globalisation is also having considerable
impact on culture through transmission of ideas, values and opinion across the world to intensify
social relations between different civilization of world. Globalisation has make it necessary for
Mark and Spencer to understand the values, laws, culture and ethical standards of its own as well
as of other countries where its subsidiaries and other branches are operating. Globalisation has
resulted in Internationalization, liberalization, universalization and westernisation of business
processes which lead to increase in profit and provides more opportunities for development and
advancement.

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Mark and Spencer is enjoying all the favourable outcomes of globalisation in form of
easy trade facility across different countries. Liberalisation which is a part of globalisation has
reduced documentation process and other legal formalities to expand a business in different parts
of world providing an opportunity for expansion in target market. Globalisation has lead to
advancement in technology and information which is creating more opportunities for MNC's and
also reducing cost of production thus increasing overall profit (Soltes and Gavurova, 2015).
Globalisation also provide better quality employees more skilled and qualified at lower prices
thus again contributes in success of organisation. Integration of economy and reach to more
cultural community provide a better chance to make use of innovation and creativity to attract
more customers and to increase sales and future growth.
To study the role of human resources in globalisation
According to Elisabeth Natter, 2019, Globalisation has a significant effect on human
resource of any company because it has increased level of competition, thus make it necessary to
have best quality workforce. Mark and Spencer is working at global level so they should hire,
recruit and train there manpower in such way that they can easily operate at several countries
with varying cultural. HRM department need to be more flexible to to include cultural
differences, technological development and foreign regulations. With globalisation it become
necessary for HRM department to acquire and develop new talent to efficiently operate at global
level. It become viable for Mark and Spenser to provide timely and adequate training to
employees to improve their skills and knowledge so that they can develop a product which can
compete with other products across the world. Current staff of Mark ans Spencer is providing
great support in making it possible to work effectively at global level. Mark and Spencer provide
proper assistance to its staff, work permits and housing facility is also provided to employees
with proper training on cultural issue and language acquisition.
The ability of any organisation to move in a new market at global level highly depends on
its staff. It not only required proper training and development of workforce but proper
knowledge of different culture and languages is also required. It is the responsibility of HRM to
consider all culture and social aspects of people working in their organisation (Soini and
Birkeland, 2014). In Mark and Spencer, people from different background and culture are getting
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equal treatment, and a very healthy and comfortable atmosphere which helps in increasing their
efficiency.
To study the barriers of globalisation which leads to negative impact for Mark and Spencer
According to Sarah Powell, 2019, Globalisation lead to progress and expansion of global
market but still it faces some barriers. The reason for these barriers are the protection and control
that every nation wants to have to protect it from negative impact of Internationalization. Efforts
are made to implement complete liberalisation of market but still some barriers face by all
multinational companies, like Mark and Spencer , some of them are explained below:
Cultural barriers: It is necessary for all organisation to understand the local market and
taste and preference of people before starting working there. Difference in culture is the
biggest hindrance faced by Mark and Spencer while working at global level (Tarasanski,
2017). As it is quite difficult and complicated to understand and implement different
cultural concept in an single organisation. A particular product or advertisement can
offend a customer in one country while can get praised by people of other countries.
Hence it is quite necessary to understand the social and cultural view and opinion of
people in which companies subsides and branches are operated.
Technology barriers: All countries of world are not at equal level when their technology
advancement are compared. Some are very advanced and are becoming completely
online whole some are quite backward (Zajda, 2015). Globalisation is working in this
field to make all countries reach at same level by transfer and spread of technology, but
still due to internal issues and personal wars exist in some countries, it is not possible to
integrate all parts of world and to make them as advanced as other developed countries.
Mark and Spenser is also needed to keep in mind that whether the nation in which they
are operating is technically advanced or not as it directly effect the promotional activities
and other operation. In a technical backward area online advertisement is never
successful but the same is very effective in developed countries.
Legal obstacles: While operating at international level it become necessary to follow
legal laws and regulation of all concerned nation which is quite difficult. There are many
laws which effect operation of any business, like labours laws, consumer protection act,
minimum wage rate, etc. These laws and regulations create hindrance in performance of
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organisation by increasing there cost of labour and also create pressure to provide best
quality product for providing customer satisfaction. Mark and Spencer is also facing
some hindrance while having compliance with these labour laws as it increase the cost of
labour which will reduce the profit margin of organisation.
CHAPTER3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Methodology is a process used for data collection or collection of information
required for decision making (Lane, 2017). It includes different research techniques like surveys,
interviews and include both present and past information collected from different sources.
Research Philosophy
Research philosophy is a basically a belief deals with source and nature of knowledge
having its main focus on techniques used for collection and analysis of data. This philosophy has
many branches, the main philosophies concerned with business studies are Pragmatism,
Positivist and Interpretivist (Igarashi and Saito, 2014). For conducting this research, use of
Pragmatic research philosophy is made. In this philosophy research questions are the most
important source or determinant of research. It can make use of both deductive or inductive
approach. It can integrate more than type of research strategies and make use of multiple
research methods. Hence it is best suitable philosophy for this research and provides a middle
path between positivism and interpretivism philosophy.
Research approach
it is based on nature of problem needed to addressed or solve through the current research
(Goryakin and et. al., 2015). It is basically a plan or procedure that contains detailed steps needed
to follow for better data collections, analysis and interpretations. It is mainly of three types :
deductive, inductive and abductive research approach. For concerned research, Deductive
research approach is used as it best suited with pragmatist and provide a interpretation of
different concepts of corporate social responsibilities.
Time Horizon
It is mainly used for designing research and it is of two type, Longitudinal and cross
sectional (Deresky, 2017). For current research cross sectional time horizon is used. As per this
approach focus of research is only on prevailing situation and no correlation is identified
between different time periods.
Research methods

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There are mainly two methods for collections of data: Qualitative and quantitative. For
this research Qualitative method is used which provide subjective data. For that purpose a
questionnaire is prepared to get information about views and opinions of respondent.
Data source – this shows the origin or source of data from where or through which data
is collected by researcher (Der-Karabetian, Cao and Alfaro, 2014).
Primary source
It is original source of data and data collected is the first-hand fresh data collected by
researcher for a specific project,by making its own efforts. There are various methods and
techniques for collection of data from primary source like surveys, personal interviews,
observations, questionnaire and different experiments. Collection of data from primary source is
expensive and also a time consuming process. For the completion of this research project, the
researcher can use questionnaire top collect the information and data from different people.
Secondary source
It is mainly refers to existing source of data, which are already collected by some other
researcher (Crane and et. al., 2019). The main source of secondary data are old records, file,
documents, Journals, books and other literature. They are also available on online website. It is
helps in saving both time and cost as data but data collected might be obsolete or related with
other circumstances and situations. To gather information regarding this research project, the
investigator can use literature review and organising it for collecting data.
For present research use of both primary and secondary source is made (Clark, 2014).
Primary research is used to provide result of questionnaire in form of views and opinions of
respondent. Secondary source is used for conducting literature review.
Research sampling
Sample is basically a part of total population showing the common characteristic of
whole group (Bryant and Javalgi, 2016). It is mainly of two types Probability and non probability
sampling. Probability sampling is of many types, for this research simple random sampling is
used as it is free of baisness and every member of population have equal chance of selection. To
gather information with the help of questionnaire, the investigator choose 30 people from a
number of people so that the person can collect data to meet the objectives of the research project
in effective way.
Research Ethics
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It is a world wide set of principles governing the way any research involving interaction
between the researcher and other humans or data relating to humans is designed , managed and
conducted. Research ethics are applied at the time of research to solve all ethical issues and to
ensure that it serves interest of all related party and data collected is relevant. It is closely related
to the ethical principles of social responsibility.
Research Limitations
It refers to those issues and bariers that the investigator can not control. They are
shortcoming, conditions or influences which can not be managed and controlled by the
researcher that place restrictions on research methodologies and conclusions. The main
limitations of research methodology is the time taken for conducting research (Benería, Berik
and Floro, 2015).
Research Reliability and Validity
Research reliability refers to the degree to which research method produces stabile and
agreeable outcome. A particular mensuration is reasoned to be certain if its postulation on the
same aim of measurement number of times produces the same results. Whereas validity is an
indication of how sound research is. It is completely based on the quality of questions which are
provided in questionnaire. The researcher need to be free from all types of baisness to increase
the validity and reliability of research (Baylis, Owens and Smith, 2017).
Research budget
It refers to that amount and fund which is needed and required to run and operate the
business activities and operations. This shows the amount of money spend on research. Before
performing research project, the management of the company estimate the budget or planning the
fund and mony whcuih is required for the project. The estimated budget for this project is £800
(Amavilah, Asongu and Andrés, 2017).
CHAPTER4: DATA ANALYSES
The data analyses is the tool or technique through which the gathered data is assembled
and analysed in detail (Pieterse, 2019). This analyses will help the researcher to frame proper
and authentic results in order to meet business goals and objectives effectively and efficiently.
For this analyses, questionnaire has been developed.
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QUESTIONNAIRE
NAME:
AGE:
GENDER:
Q1. Are you aware about the concept of globalisation?
A. Yes
B. No
Q2. What will be the impact of globalisation on economic, cultural and ethics of Mark and
Spencer?
A. Positive
B. Negative
Q3. What is the role of human resources in globalisation?
A. To meet cultural differences
B. To recruit best candidate who can meet international objectives
C. Both
Q4. What are the different obstacles of globalisation in Mark and Spencer?
A, Political barrier
B. Economic issues
C. Higher level of competition
D. All of the above
Q5. What are the different ethical norms which must be adopted by Mark and Spencer?
A. Loyalty
B. Law abiding
C. Concern and respect for others
D. All of the above
Q6. Why culture plays a major role for Mark and Spencer in globalising the products and
services?
A. Helpful in shaping the way through which members see the world.
B. To enhance the concept of flexibility
C. Both
Q7. What are the different role of human resources in establishing positive culture at

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global work place?
A. Flexible working hours
B. Safe and secure working atmosphere
C. Training and development
Q8. What are the different requirements of workforce required in order to meet the global
demand of workforce?
A. Educated and qualified
B. Experience
C. Ability to understand and speak different languages
D. Adaptability of different customs and beliefs.
Q9. Does globalisation always have a positive impact on multinational companies like
Mark and Spencer?
A. Yes
B. No
Q10. Any recommendations for improving the economic, culture and ethical impact on
human resources in global companies.
Interpretation
It is the term which helps in examining and providing in depth analyses of the collected
data (Shenkar, Luo and Chi, 2014). This interpretation will further leads to conclusion and
recommendations in order to meet the set business goals and objectives effectively and
efficiently.
THEME1: The concept of globalisation
Are you aware about the concept of
globalisation?
Frequency
Yes 28
No 2
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Interpretation: From this graph, by taking sample size of 30 people, it has been
summarised that 28 are aware of the concept of globalisation because they are working or
associated with global companies and have complete knowledge of their working style and
knowledge while 2 are not aware because they are not qualified and are working in small
businesses.
THEME2: Impact of globalisation on economic, cultural and ethics of Mark and Spencer
What will be the impact of globalisation on
economic, cultural and ethics of Mark and
Spencer?
Frequency
Positive 21
Negative 9
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 28
2
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Interpretation: From the above graph, it has been summarised that out of 30 people, 21
believes that there will be positive impact of globalisation on economic, culture and ethics of
Mark and Spencer because this will help the company in developing relations and adapting new
working style. While 9 says that it will have negative impact because it is very difficult for the
global companies to suitably adopt the culture and belief of other countries.
THEME3: Role of human resources in globalisation
What is the role of human resources in
globalisation?
Frequency
To meet cultural differences 9
To recruit best candidate who can meet
international objectives
12
Both 9
Positive Negative
0
5
10
15
20
25 21
9

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Interpretation: From the above graph, 9 people says that the role of human resources in
globalisation is to meet cultural differences because every country has different set of culture and
rules. 12 says to recruit best person who can fulfil international objectives because this requires
specialised knowledge and skills. While 9 says both because they consider that both the points
are equally important.
THEME4: Different obstacles of globalisation in Mark and Spencer
What are the different obstacles of
globalisation in Mark and Spencer?
Frequency
Political barrier 6
Economic issues 7
Higher level of competition 8
All of the above 9
To meet cultural differences
To recruit best candidate who can meet international objectives
Both
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
9
12
9
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Interpretation: From this, it has been concluded that out of 30 people, 6 says political
barrier is the most important barrier because the instability and stricter governmental rules and
regulations creates limitation. 7 says economic issues because in-stable economic environment
where the rate of inflation and deflations remains variable creates restrictions for the company. 8
says higher level of competition because then it creates pressure on Mark and Spencer to invest
huge amount of funds and resources in order to compete with local brands of the country.
THEME5: Ethical norms which must be adopted by Mark and Spencer
What are the different ethical norms which
must be adopted by Mark and Spencer?
Frequency
Loyalty 8
Law abiding 10
Concern and respect for others 6
All of the above 6
Political barrier
Economic issues
Higher level of competition
All of the above
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
6
7
8
9
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Interpretation: From the above graph, it has been analysed that 8 people believes
staying loyal is one of the most important ethical norm which Mark and Spencer must adopt
because this will help in developing fairness and trust. 10 people says law abiding is one of the
most important norm because it ensures that rights and interest of employees are protected and
motivates them by providing them good working atmosphere. 6 says concern and respect for
others is important because it helps in developing friendly relations with co workers and sub
ordinates. While another 6 considers that all the points are equally important.
THEME6: Culture plays a major role for Mark and Spencer
Why culture plays a major role for Mark
and Spencer in globalising the products and
services?
Frequency
Helpful in shaping the way through which
members see the world.
9
To enhance the concept of flexibility 13
Both 8
Loyalty
Law abiding
Concern and respect for others
All of the above
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8
10
6 6

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Interpretation: From the above graph, 9 says that the role of culture in Mark and
Spencer is to shape the manner in which the customers see the world because they believes to
satisfy the needs and demands of customers. 13 says to enhance the concept of flexibility
because it helps in adopting the situations as per the changing business world. While 8 says that
both are equally important.
THEME7: Role of human resources in establishing positive culture at global work place
What are the different role of human
resources in establishing positive culture at
global work place?
Frequency
Flexible working hours 9
Safe and secure working atmosphere 12
Training and development 9
Helpful in shaping the way through which members see the world.
To enhance the concept of flexibility
Both
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
9
13
8
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Interpretation: From the above graph, role of human resources is to establish flexible
working hours which is said by 9 people because it helps them in making proper balance
between work and life. 12 says safe and secure working atmosphere because it keep the
employees staying motivated. 9 says training and development because this will help in
enhancing the learning abilities of the employees.
THEME8: Requirements of workforce required in order to meet the global demand of
workforce
What are the different requirements of
workforce required in order to meet the
global demand of workforce?
Frequency
Educated and qualified 8
Experience 8
Ability to understand and speak different
languages
6
Adaptability of different customs and beliefs. 8
Flexible working hours
Safe and secure working atmosphere
Training and development
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
9
12
9
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Interpretation: From the above file, it has been summarised that 8 says the candidate
must be educated and qualified so that they can work as per the requirements of global
companies. 8 says they must have enough experience and are aware about the working style of
global companies. 6 says that different countries have different languages so the candidate must
be able to speak and understand the global languages. Another 8 says that they must be adaptable
or flexible in nature so that they can adopt customs and beliefs of different countries.
THEME9: Globalisation always have a positive impact on multinational companies like
Mark and Spencer
Does globalisation always have a positive
impact on multinational companies like
Mark and Spencer?
Frequency
Yes 21
Educated and qualified
Ability to understand and speak different languages
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8 8
6
8

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No 9
Interpretation: From the above file, it has been summarised that out of 30 people, 21
says that globalisation will have favourable impact on multinational companies like Mark and
Spencer because they are the well established brands with strong global presence. While 9 says
that it will have negative impact because the customer may not prefer high priced brands and
does not switch from their local brands.
CHAPTER5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
From this research, it has been analysed that globalisation plays a vital role in growth and
development of the business organisation. When the company wants to expand the business then
it has to deal with certain favourable impact of economic, cultural and ethics in human resources.
For instance, economic impact relates to creating and generating the level of profitability for the
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25 21
9
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businesses. The cultural aspect relates to creating culture of positivity where employees remain
motivated towards the betterment of the business organisation. And ethics is governed by
illustrating several right and wrong factors. So positive ethical impact relates to working within
the boundaries of law, creating positive workplace, etc.
Recommendation
From the above research,which has been conducted on the topic of “To identify the
impact of positive economic, cultural and ethical impact of globalization on human resources”. A
study on Marks and Spencer plc. There are certain recommendations which has been framed
after doing this research and they are discussed below:
The Mark and Spencer should do PESTLE analyses model in order to know the different
macro environmental factors which creates barrier for the company. This will help in
knowing several external forces which creates hurdle for the company to make their
products and services go global. So by analysing and developing contingent plans the
company will be ale to know that which global market is suitable for them.
The Mark and Spencer should do Porter five forces model because this will help in
deriving the attractiveness of the market and level of competition which the company will
face. With this, the company can know the different competitors that will have direct
impact on the retail industry.
When Mark and Spencer expands the business into the global market then they should
concentrate on keeping the prices low or providing attractive offers to the customers. This
is because, it will help in creating the fact in mind of customers that the brand is
providing good quality products and services at affordable prices.
CHAPTER6: PERSONAL REFLECTIVE STATEMENT
Reflection
The above research has been successfully conducted on the topic “To identify the impact
of positive economic, cultural and ethical impact of globalization on human resources”. A study
on Marks and Spencer plc. In this research I have used qualitative research methods which has
helped me in deriving more authentic and in depth knowledge and behaviour of the respondents.
By applying this method, I have been able to deal with different types of customers and learned
that what they perceive and how their views differs from other members.
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Alternatively, in this research quantitative research method could also be used. If this
method will be applied then the research will be able to develop more reliable and accurate
results because it will make use of statistics and numerical data.
Though by conducting this research I have learned a lot of new skill and knowledge but
at the same time I have faced the problem of shortage of time and funds. This research has taken
more than estimated time. Apart from this, majority of the customers were not in favour of
providing answers to the questions. This has led to the problem that whether the derived answers
or responses are true or not. So, in future if I will have to conduct the similar research again then
I will make proper use of different time management strategies such that they can help in
achieving the desired research objectives and goals within the estimated time frame.

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REFERENCE
Books and Journals
Amavilah, V., Asongu, S. A. and Andrés, A. R., 2017. Effects of globalization on peace and
stability: Implications for governance and the knowledge economy of African countries.
Technological Forecasting and Social Change.122. pp.91-103.
Baylis, J., Owens, P. and Smith, S. eds., 2017. The globalization of world politics: an
introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press.
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