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Study Of Factors Influencing Employee Satisfaction In Police Service Of Hong Kong
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Added on 2019-09-30
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A study on the factors that influence theemployee satisfaction in the police service of Hong Kong 1
AbstractEmployee satisfaction in the police force has been a source of much discussion and focus for study, as the job calls for performing efficiently in very high stress situations, and isassociated with extreme repercussions if not done right. A large number of studies exist which specifically focus on the correlation of stress and working conditions with the employee satisfaction of police workers. The aim of this project was to explore the employee satisfaction aspect of individuals working in the police force of Hong Kong. A primary quantitative data collection was done on a sample size of 50 through survey questionnaire, and it was intended to understand the job satisfaction quotient through exploration of three aspects – organizational attributes, intrinsic and extrinsic job associated attributes and direct single questions regarding how the employees feel about the job satisfaction. As per the results it was found that, Hong Kong police organization needs to develop strategies for better employee engagement and improvement, and roughly 50% of the respondents opined that they are satisfied with their present jobs and can see themselves in the future working with HKPF. 16% of the respondents opined that they would like to leave this job in the future. As recommendation strategies, HKPF needs to improve its work culture, create more benefits and opportunities for its employees, introduce attractive employee engagement and development plans and should be employee focused. The practical implication of this study was to identify the improvement opportunities for the Hong Kong police management, and the results have successfully identified the aspects which need immediate attention and improvement. 2
Table of ContentsAbstract......................................................................................................................................2Table of Figures.........................................................................................................................4Table of Tables...........................................................................................................................4Introduction................................................................................................................................5Background.............................................................................................................................5Aim.........................................................................................................................................5Research objectives................................................................................................................5Research questions.................................................................................................................6Literature Review.......................................................................................................................6Research Methodology...............................................................................................................7Expected Outcome.....................................................................................................................7Literature Review.......................................................................................................................8Introduction............................................................................................................................8Employee Satisfaction............................................................................................................8Theoretical Aspects..............................................................................................................10Factors relating to Employee Satisfaction............................................................................12Measuring Employee Job Satisfaction.................................................................................14Job Satisfaction of Police Force...........................................................................................15Summary...............................................................................................................................17Research Methodology.............................................................................................................19Research Approach and Research Philosophy.....................................................................19Research Design...................................................................................................................19Research Instruments............................................................................................................20Sampling & Population........................................................................................................21Data Collection.....................................................................................................................213
Ethical Considerations..........................................................................................................22Reliability & Validity...........................................................................................................22Analysis & Findings.................................................................................................................23Section A..............................................................................................................................23Section B..............................................................................................................................26Section C..............................................................................................................................30Final Discussion...................................................................................................................34Conclusion................................................................................................................................35Recommendations................................................................................................................35Construct Validity................................................................................................................36Scope for further research....................................................................................................37Assumptions & Limitations..................................................................................................37Appendices...............................................................................................................................38Appendix 1...........................................................................................................................38Quantitative Survey Questionnaire...................................................................................38References................................................................................................................................424
Table of Figures Figure 1 - Gender Distribution of respondents........................................................................23Figure 2 - Age Group Distribution...........................................................................................24Figure 3 - Work Experience Distribution.................................................................................24Figure 4 - Education Levels of respondents.............................................................................25Figure 5 - Previous work experience.......................................................................................25Figure 6 - Organization based aspects of job satisfaction........................................................26Figure 7- Intrinsic Job Attributes.............................................................................................28Figure 8 - Extrinsic Job Attributes...........................................................................................29Figure 9 - Employee Satisfaction.............................................................................................30Figure 10 - KSAs being utilized...............................................................................................31Figure 11 - Future intention to continue in this organization...................................................31Figure 12 - Staying in Police Department after 5 years...........................................................32Figure 13 - Opinion about the manner in which organization handles career management....32Figure 14 - Overall satisfaction aspect.....................................................................................33Figure 15 - Overall contentedness with the job.......................................................................33Table of Tables Table 1 - 5 Point Rating Scale..................................................................................................26Table 2 - Weighted Average Table of Organizational Attributes............................................27Table 3 - Weighted Average Table for Intrinsic Job Attributes...............................................28Table 4 - Extrinsic Attributes Weighted Average Table..........................................................295
IntroductionBackgroundThe Hong Kong Police Force or HKPF is the largest service under HK’s security bureau. This is one of the largest global police agencies to operate with a system of modern policing [ CITATION HKP18 \l 16393 ]. Formed in 1844, today the force structure and methods ofoperation has undergone tremendous changes to keep up with the changing external and internal environment. As per a study by Lu et al in 2015, the job satisfaction for the police force is important but especially for China, insufficient research exists [ CITATION LuL15 \l 16393 ]. As per the paper the job satisfaction levels were not adequate and job stress was a significant aspect that impacted the satisfaction levels. In this backdrop, it was decided to conduct this research project that would help understand whether any change in the job satisfaction levels have occurred in the present and what should be done to improve the job satisfaction levels of these police workers. AimThe aim of this research project is to explore the employee satisfaction levels amongstthe individuals working in the police service in Hong Kong, identify the factors that impact the employee satisfaction levels and look for means to measure such employee satisfaction perspective. Research objectivesThe research objectives are as follows;-Exploring the concept of employee satisfaction, and its importance specifically in the line of detective and police work -Exploring the relevant published literature on the aspect of employee satisfaction, andidentifying specific metrics (if any) that helps in measuring such employee satisfaction levels and identify the factors that impact the employee satisfaction levels -Developing survey questionnaire based on the metrics (if identified) in the literature review segment and conducting a primary research on the individuals working in Hong Kong’s police service through survey questionnaire -Analyzing the data thus received through mathematical tools, and identifying the finalfindings. It is also the objective to develop a set of recommendation strategies that canbe employed by the Police service senior authority if the findings depict that 6
employees are not completely satisfied and are suffering from burnouts from stress and overload of work. Research questionsThe research questions that will be aimed to answer are as follows; -Do you know about employee satisfaction? Do you understand the importance of it?-Do you feel employee satisfaction is important in such line of work like Police Service?-What are the advantages associated with employee satisfaction in this line of work?-What are the dangers that can result if police employees are not satisfied at their work?-Are you satisfied in your work place? What are the aspects that need to be improved in your workplace that can impact your satisfaction levels?-What are the factors that impact your satisfaction levels? -What are the factors that as per to you are adequate and do not need any change? -What changes do you want to see in your workplace? Will that make your satisfactionlevel optimum? -How do you depict your work-life balance? Are you stressed? Literature Review Job satisfaction is a subjective perspective about an individual’s needs being met withby a job and can be expressed as the degree to that the employees like their tasks [ CITATION Abe11 \l 16393 ], [ CITATION Far051 \l 16393 ]. Employee satisfaction is a term that is broadly used to describe whether the employees are content and happy and can fulfil their needs at work [ CITATION Chr061 \l 16393 ]. It acts as one of the most critical factors for determining employee motivation, goal achievement by employees and is also a measure of a positive morale in the workplace [ CITATION Koy01 \l 16393 ]. Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction can be measured in terms of emotional aspects, behavioural aspects and cognitive aspects. Researchers have depicted that job satisfaction metrics vary to the extent to that the feelings associated with the job is measured and the cognitions associated with the job is identified[ CITATION Bau04 \l 16393 ]. Job satisfaction can be defined as a positive emotional state that results from the experience one has from his/her job [ CITATION Hol11 \l 16393 ]. A number of 7
theories exist that explain the aspects of job satisfaction and provides specific metrics to measure such satisfaction levels [ CITATION Alh17 \l 16393 ]. These theories would be highlighted in the actual research project in detail. Research Methodology A deductive positivist primary research would be conducted through survey questionnaire. A poster would be designed that will have the aim, objectives and the implications of the research mentioned clearly and the contact ID and email of the researcher would be mentioned and posted in the Hong Kong’s police department after taking due permission from them. Interested employees who would want to participate in the research would have to contact the researcher, and they would be sent a questionnaire through email. The identities of the respondents would be kept confidential and the respondents would be assured that in the future their identities would not be associated with the feedback shared by them. The interested respondents will have to fill up the questionnaire and send it back to the researcher, and based on this feedback, the final findings would be identified.The questionnaire would be formed after conducting the Literature Review, to identify any specific metrics of determining employee satisfaction and the research questions created at the start of this proposal will also be included in it. Care would be taken to ensure that it does not take more than 5 minutes to fill up the entire questionnaire. All the ethical considerations will be followed by the researcher and data reliability and validity would also be ascertained. Expected Outcome Through this research, metrics to measure the employee satisfaction in organizations irrespective of the nature and size of company would be understood and then the employee satisfaction levels of the individuals working in the Hong Kong Police Department would be identified through the primary research. The present employee engagement practices, work culture and the work-life balance of the Hong Kong Police would also be identified, and based on the results, recommendations would be developed to help these police officials handle their stress and work overload. 8
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