A Study To Assess The Knowledge Of Hazard Of Plastic Use On Common People

This study aims to assess the knowledge of the hazard of plastic use on common people. It explores the impact of plastic use on society and the various ways to spread awareness about its negative effects on the environment. The study also analyzes effective measures to reduce the use of plastic. The research is conducted in the context of the United Kingdom, focusing on the health conditions of its citizens and the professionals involved in healthcare and social services. The study aims to contribute to the reduction of plastic pollution and improve the health conditions of the population.

A Study To Assess The
Knowledge Of Hazard Of
Plastic Use On Common
People

Table of Contents
TOPIC: A study to assess the knowledge of hazard of plastic use on common people.................1
Chapter 1..........................................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................1
1.0 Problem statement............................................................................................................1
1.2 Eclipse framework............................................................................................................1
1.3 Simulation approach and types.........................................................................................2
1.4 Rationale or need of the study..........................................................................................3
1.5 Background of the research..............................................................................................3
1.6 Significance and Justification of the research..................................................................4
1.7 Research Questions..........................................................................................................4
1.8 Research Aim and objectives...........................................................................................4
1.9 Structure of the Research..................................................................................................5
Chapter 2..........................................................................................................................................6
2. Literature Review.........................................................................................................................6
2.0 The hazards of plastic use on society...............................................................................7
2.1 Impact of plastic use over life of common people...........................................................8
2.3 Several ways through which awareness about the negative effects of plastic use over
environment can be spread...................................................................................................10
2.4 Effective measures that help in reducing the use of plastic............................................11
Chapter 3........................................................................................................................................13
3. Research Methodology..............................................................................................................13
3.0 Study Overview..............................................................................................................13
3.1 Search strategy................................................................................................................14
3.2 Search parameters...........................................................................................................15
3.3 Inclusion and exclusion criteria......................................................................................15
3.4 Feasibility.......................................................................................................................16
3.5 Research process............................................................................................................16
3.6 Research philosophy.......................................................................................................16
3.7 Research approach..........................................................................................................17

3.8 Research strategies.........................................................................................................17
3.9 Research Choices............................................................................................................17
3.10 Time Horizons..............................................................................................................17
3.11 Data Collection.............................................................................................................17
3.12 Types of investigation..................................................................................................18
3.13 Resources......................................................................................................................18
3.14 Ethical Considerations..................................................................................................18
3.15 Data extraction..............................................................................................................18
3.16 Critical appraisal...........................................................................................................19
3.17 Outcomes......................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 4..................................................................................................................................20
4.1 Discussion.......................................................................................................................20
4.2 Application to theoretical framework.............................................................................21
4.3 Limitations......................................................................................................................23
4.4 Implications for Nursing.................................................................................................24
4.5 Conclusion......................................................................................................................24
References......................................................................................................................................26
Appendix........................................................................................................................................28
Gantt Chart...........................................................................................................................28

TOPIC: A study to assess the knowledge of hazard of plastic use on common
people.
Chapter 1
1. Introduction
Over the years, plastic which is a compound of both semi synthetic and synthetic organic
components is considered to be the element which has impacted negatively upon life of common
people. Basically, this is considered to be the element that has majorly raised pollutions in
different areas like air, water, and many more others. Plastic is material that framed by long
chain of hydrogen and carbon called polymers (Kumar 2018). It is a material that comprise of a
wide scope of semi-engineered or manufactured natural intensifies that are pliable and can be
formed into strong items. Alongside this, Plastic is generally utilized in everyday existence of
ordinary citizens. There are number of danger of plastic use on individuals, for example, human
medical problems like vision disappointment, disturbance in the eye, skin maladies, liver
brokenness, lungs issues and so forth. These are serious issues of plastic utilize that are looked
by ordinary citizens.
1.0 Problem statement
As it has been found that plastic products are mostly utilised by public as they are easy to
use and comes with low cost, it has given ample number of benefits to the society but if it is
talked about the other elements like environment, atmosphere, health conditions of public and so
on then this is said to be one of the crucial problem that is already affecting in different ways like
it has polluted not only air but water and soil as well (Yang and et. al., 2019). On the other side,
there are not much investigation has been done on the topic which is hazardous impact on daily
life of people while utilising semi synthetic and synthetic components that has built plastic.
1.2 Eclipse framework
Expectation: Basically, researcher is looking forward to reduce the usage of plastic
products as they have already harmed nature and environment which has raised concerns like
global warming and some of the other risks as well that might impact negatively on future
generations. Also, it has affected health conditions as well of people dealing with different
cardiovascular diseases, Asthma and so on.
1

Client group: Exposure to destructive synthetic or semi-synthetic during assembling while
utilizing plastic storage or containers are connected with serious antagonistic wellbeing results,
for example, diseases, birth absconds, impeded invulnerability, endocrine disturbance, formative
and regenerative impacts and so forth. Before it can be said that any individual belonging to the
world is directly getting affected by plastic and mostly those individuals who are dealing with
severe problems like cancer and so on (Dumbili and Henderson, 2020).
Location: Investigator is particularly focusing on citizens of United Kingdom as this is a
nation where there are ample number of interventions that are taking place in relation to
spreading awareness of how destructive it can be to use plastic products and containers.
Basically, the reason behind has considering this location is because in the past usage of plastic
has been done in an excessive or massive way which resulted into negative impact on
environmental conditions.
Impact: There are ample number of benefits that can be seen of reducing plastic usage like
improvement in health conditions of United Kingdom citizens; patient satisfaction increased,
positive impact on Environment as it will pollute less the different elements like soil, air and
water. Therefore, these are said to be some of the crucial impacts that can be seen of reducing
utilization of plastic products.
Professionals: In present context, it has been analyzed that there are various professionals
that are specifically linking to the research topic and these are community staff, hospital nurses,
health care providers, social service providers and so on. it can be said that these are the
professionals that has direct connection with the investigating topic and the reason that came in
front was that use of plastic will directly create problems like rise in pollution and so on and this
will impact raise the number of tasks for these individuals as they have had to perform really
very well in order to resolve any sort of issues like health conditions of citizens of United
Kingdom and so on.
Service: There are number of services that are going to be presented like environmental
pollution control, Community rehabilitation service and so on will be implied in order to reduce
pollution which is directly impacting negatively on day-to-day life of common people
(Rajmohan and et. al., 2019).
1.3 Simulation approach and types
Simulation approach is specifically developed with the construction of the environment
which is specifically artificial and carries different information that helps in pulling out
2

favourable outcomes. On the other hand, this type of approach help an investigator to specifically
observe the ever changing behaviour of a particular system or the different subsystem that are
interlinking to each other and these are also carried out in a particular or controlled situation or
condition. Including this, it can be said that simulation approach if adopted by researcher in
present investigation where the topic is hazardous impact of plastic on peoples life when it will
demonstrate the issue securely and effectively. It gives a significant technique for investigation
which is effectively checked, conveyed, and comprehended. Across enterprises and teaches, re-
enactment demonstrating gives significant arrangements by giving clear bits of knowledge into
complex frameworks (Pathak and Nichter, 2019).
1.4 Rationale or need of the study
Principle purpose for leading this exploration is to build information about the danger of
plastic use over individuals. This exploration is significant on the grounds that it helps a person
by expanding their mindfulness and information about the plastic use and its terrible
consequences for their life. This exploration will likewise significant at individual level by
improving analyst's abilities, for example, writing survey, information assortment, information
investigation, time the executives and so forth (Alam, Billah and Yajie, 2018). Alongside this,
this examination is significant at individual just as scholastic level by upgrading their
understanding with respect to terrible impacts of plastic use.
1.5 Background of the research
Over the most recent six decades, Plastics have become a necessary and complex product
with an assortment of qualities, concoction creation and details that are not great for the
biological system. While plastics were at first thought to be harmless and innocuous, it have
additionally added to various climate related issues for a long time. Contamination from plastic
waste all through the air is as of now an all around perceived issues which is a significant reason
to ecological commitment. Especially plastics are prompting arrangement issues to amphibian
condition and its unsafe impacts decline the general biodiversity. There are number of genuine
impact of plastic contamination to the human and nature life, for example, upsetting the whole
evolved way of life by affecting the most modest living beings, for example, microscopic fish,
dirtying groundwater, land and air. Consuming plastic outside, inferable from the creation of
poisonous modern items, actuates natural contamination (Arı and Yılmaz, 2017). At the point
when individuals and domesticated animals breathe in harmful air, impede their prosperity and
3

can add to respiratory issued. Using a lot of poisonous substances, organizations unsatisfactorily
makes plastic.
1.6 Significance and Justification of the research
The most primary reason of conducting investigation on this particular topic which is
related to usage of plastic in day today life is because it is not only impacting negatively upon
health considerations of public but it has also raised questions about the healthy future because it
has not only polluted the air but also the water as well as many industries that throws away many
chemicals and other plastic related compounds in river and also burns it to produce auto
manufacture different products in order to fulfil the needs of their customers and for the earning.
Jaipur, 2017 some of the crucial problems that are required bye every single individual to
understand and this is the reason behind why investigator has taken into consideration of
conducting research on the utilisation of plastic as it will directly help readers and other
individuals to spread awareness of how reduction among usage of plastic can be done and how it
will directly affect positively on preventing common people from different pollutions and other
latest situation that can be raised by utilising much plastic in day to day life. Justification can be
given with the very good example of how negatively pollution is increasing due to synthetic and
non synthetic components which specifically develops plastic and it is considered to be one of
the crucial reason behind global warming that is not only reducing the ozone layer which
protects from UV rays but it is also raising the chances of people to go through different
difficulties like skin problems, cardiovascular diseases, breathing related difficulties and so on.
1.7 Research Questions
 Explore the hazards of plastic use on society?
 What are the impact of plastic use on life of common people?
 What are the several ways through which awareness about the negative effects of plastic
use over environment can be spread?
 What are the effective measures that help in reducing the use of plastic?
1.8 Research Aim and objectives
Research Aim
Main aim of this dissertation is “To analyse the associated hazards of plastic use over life
of common people”.
4

Objectives of the Research
 To assess the hazards of plastic use on society.
 To determine the impact of plastic use over life of common people.
 To spread awareness about the negative effects of plastic use over environment.
 To analyse the measures that help in reducing the use of plastic.
1.9 Structure of the Research
Every single investigation consists of a particular frame which helps the researcher in
conducting the research in a systematic manner. This research where the topic is associated
hazards of plastic use over life of common people, the structure that has been formulated by
researcher is presented underneath:
 Introduction: This action specifically considered as the root of an investigation, which
consists of different elements like rational, significance, background, research aim, and
objectives lastly the structure of the research. Present research is specifically based on the
particular topic that is associated hazards of plastic use over life of common people where
investigator will be delivering the information about the whole topic and why it is
required to be investigated. Also, this section specifically develops the particular aim for
the topic and based on it the research objectives are also formulated with the help of
independent and dependent variables (Retama and et. al., 2016). Lastly, the structure will
be delivering the information of the different sections that will be taken into
consideration by the researcher like introduction, literature review, methodology, data
analysis, and lastly conclusion and recommendations.
 Literature review: Another crucial section of a research which is done considering
different aspects of the researcher that has already been given in the study which has been
performed by them. With the help of literature review section, investigator specifically
gets the appropriate knowledge about the whole topic. In present investigation, the
objectives will be answered considering different information that has already been given
by researchers in their study.
 Methodology: This subsection of an investigation focuses on different elements like
search is done on qualitative or quantitative approach. Also, methodology consists of
different aspects like data collection tool, research philosophy, research approach, ethical
consideration, primary and secondary data collection tools and so on. Under this
5

investigation also, researcher will be considering research onion where the different
elements will be chosen in order to pull out favourable outcomes on the topic that is
associated hazards plastic used in common life.
 Data Analysis: Basically, this section delivers the information of the accumulated
outcomes and discussion is majorly takes place. In present investigation also, researcher
will be utilising the chosen method order to interpret data in rightful manner (Steinmetz
and et. al., 2016). Away with this, based on secondary and primary data collection tools
like questionnaire and so on the investigator will be analysing the information which has
been gathered.
 Reflection: This is another subsection of research where, investigators specifically
delivers information what went right and what went wrong while conducting be research.
Under this section, it can be said that researcher share the experience that he or she has
gone through while performing the investigation on chosen topic. In present research as
well, investigator will be delivering information about what he has experienced like
problems and what and how he has resolved those issues that has been faced at the time
of conducting research.
 Conclusion and recommendations: This is said to be the last section of a research
where the information is delivered in relation to what is concluded and lastly
recommendations are also made which helps in overcoming the challenges of the
problems that has been faced after pulling out the information on the chosen topic.
Chapter 2
2. Literature Review
A literature review is an extensive outline of past exploration on a subject. The literature
review reviews academic books, articles and different sources pertinent to a specific region of
examination. The survey ought to specify, depict, sum up, unbiasedly assess and explain this past
examination. It should give a hypothetical base for the examination and help an investigator
decide the idea of exploration (Eagle, Hamann and Low, 2016). The literature review recognizes
crafted by past analysts, and in this manner, guarantees the investigator that investigation has
been effectively thought out. Basically, this section helps enhancing the knowledge of the
researcher in relation to the chosen topic. In present context, where the investigation is
6

performed on associated hazards of plastic use over life of common people, different articles,
books and online sources will help researcher in answering the developed questions that has been
formulated considering objectives and aim.
2.0 The hazards of plastic use on society
Over the years, associated hazards of plastic use over life of common people is considered
as a crucial subject that needs to be studied in order to reduce the negative impact not only on the
life of common people but on the environment as well. According to Chaukura and et. al. (2016),
principle issue of pollution is that it develops toxic ingredients in environment that are
answerable for producing a range of medical issues. At first, plastic never get devastated on the
grounds that it's anything but a biodegradable item which is generally seen in type of water jugs,
straws and convey packs that is around 33% of by and large plastic utilized by individuals at
worldwide level. Furthermore, it comprise the pessimistic impacts of plastic on soundness of
individuals as utilization of plastic encourage drain out of poisons from plastic which is found in
blood and tissues in human body. It incorporates the reality of causing different serious illnesses,
for example, malignancies, birth deserts, debilitated insusceptibility, endocrine disturbance n
vacillate infirmities. Thirdly, plastic is liable for ruining groundwater in light of the fact that
poisonous synthetic concoctions channels submerged bodies with plastic and saturate
groundwater that get stream downstream to various waterways just as lakes. These synthetics can
be considered as sleek harms which repulse the water and stick to oil based materials like plastic
trash.
Including this, plastic is known as a poisonous synthetic substances which is liable for
hurting people as well as undermines the untamed life conceivably. As mentioned by Wang and
et. al. (2016), it is seen that wild creatures get trapped in plastic items or they eat plastic items
unintentionally or feed their young ones which make them sick for quite a while lastly prompts
passing, the wild creatures get diet and species get terminated step by step which is expanded by
utilization of plastic. In any case, the another destructive effect of utilizing plastic is that it has a
capacity to accumulates in the air as the vast majority of the plastic get dispose of which either
get into landfills, consumed or get litter. In the interim, it incorporates plastic toxins out natural
way of life in light of the fact that the littlest animals known microscopic fish additionally
admission miniaturized scale plastics and ingest their poisonous mixes. It results into uprooting
the enormous which is significant for continuing of bigger ocean life who feed on them.
7

Plastics are not naturally terrible, and they have many recovering biological highlights;
indeed, a large number of the strategies individuals use in structures include focused on
utilization of plastic items. Their solidness and low support decrease material substitution, their
light weight lessens dispatching vitality, their definition into stick items takes into account the
making of built timber and sheet items from reused wood, and their detailing into unrivalled
protection and sealant items improves the vitality execution of structures.
The raw material which is utilised for or developing plastic is fundamentally oil or
petroleum gas inferred, in spite of the fact that bio-plastics are making advances in the plastic
items. There are many situations that took place and which can be considered as the man made
disaster took place at the time of inferring gas in order to create blind of semi synthetic and
synthetic organic components which is plastic. Therefore, it can easily be said that plastic consist
with ample number of hazards that has impacted negatively on society e as it polluted the
environment, air, soil and water.
2.1 Impact of plastic use over life of common people
According to Peng, Wang and Cai (2017), plastic has raised ample number of problems for
day to day life of common people. It has been analysed that plastic has not only polluted the
ocean but it has also affected air that people breathe. This can be understood without very good
example of industries that take into consideration of plastic in order to produce different range of
products for common people, at the time of manufacturing them a lot of pollution emits from
very big chimneys. This admission of toxic pollution has polluted the air and raised ample
number of health concerns. On the other hand, it can also be said that long haul use of plastics
and plastic items to high temperature can prompt draining of poisonous compound constituents
into food, beverages and water. Aimless removal of plastics ashore and outside consuming can
prompt the arrival of poisonous synthetics into the air causing general wellbeing dangers.
Including this, plastic has now been a part of day to day life of common people which is slowly
raising many concerns in relation to their health because keeping food for a longer period of time
in a plastic container, it specifically contaminate the food which can lead an individual to
sickness.
Plastics are lightweight, strong, durable and inexpensive with high thermal and electrical
insulation features. Plastic always has negative impact in terms of developing pollution within
the ocean and wildlife health. Therefore it is important to manage the plastic waste and also
8

determine the risk concerned with plastic that enter within the ocean. Rough waste management
across various countries means that these are the main sources of global plastic pollution. It can
be secured and keep things under control by improving the waste management system across the
world in order to eliminate the plastic pollution (Chaukura and et. al., 2016). In relation with this
it is important to understand the scale of problem and also implement the most prominent
interventions regarding the reduction of plastic waste.
In terms of this the Global production of plastic was around 270 million tons in 2010 and
the Global plastic waste was around 275 million tons which exceed the annual primary
production considering the wastage of plastic since previous years. Only the plastic waste is
managed and has significant risk regarding the leakage of the environment as plastic in the ocean
surface disturb the magnitude level then annual Ocean plastic inputs. In relation with this there is
various impact of plastic on the Terrestrial habitats like ingestion by the endangered habitats.
Moreover the vast majority of the work describe the environmental consequence on the plastic
waste is from the Marine setting that impact the Terrestrial habitats and freshwater.
Floating plastic waste can frequently become colonized by Marine organism as it leads to
purchase the sea surface regarding the substantial periods and also facilitate the transport for the
non native species. As mentioned by Ryan (2018), various researchers and their theories describe
that micro plastics damage the aquatic species as it leads to block their digestive tract and
minimise the urge to eat which leads to alter their feeding behaviour and it automatically reduced
their growth and reproductive system. Despite from this there are various Chemicals that are
thrown by the big factories and chemical companies can become danger for the aquatic life. The
basic tenant for the toxicology holds the flap that leads to develop poison which includes many
chemicals. Therefore, all the above mentioned elements has impacted negatively upon life of
common people. It is required for parliament of every single country to develop interventions in
order to spread awareness of how negatively plastic can impact not only on to the life of
common people but on the nature and environment as well. Spreading awareness will effectively
lead to reduction of utilising Plastic products and it will directly impact positively on on health
conditions of public from all over the world. Taking right decisions in correct time in relation to
usage of plastic will automatically help future generation.
9

2.3 Several ways through which awareness about the negative effects of plastic use over
environment can be spread
According to Shi and et. al., (2019), spreading awareness for the social cause is something
that it has been a crucial element in today's time of period. It has been analysed that awareness of
something which is linking to environment can help public to take various steps in order to save
earth from negative effects like using plastic which specifically pollutes not only air but soil and
water as well. Basically, spreading awareness towards good deed may lead public to take crucial
steps through which environment can be saved for the future generations. As many of the
researchers has mentioned to that it is very much important for public to understand the
utilisation purpose of plastic products and how they are being manufactured in the industry. The
plastic specifically generates from both synthetic and semi synthetic organic components which
creates pollution in the air as plastic is being prepared through melting all the components. There
are ample number of ways through which negative effects of plastic related awareness can easily
be spread among public and some of these are presented underneath: Social media Campaigns: This is considered to be a crucial way through which
awareness can easily be spread among public in relation to negative effects of utilising
plastic products in daily lives. It has been analysed to that, most of the public stays online
on different social media platforms where this can be taken as less time and cost taking
procedure which will grab the attention of most of the public from all over the world. It
can also be said that, since the young generation majorly utilizes internet to share their
daily lives with others, and while taking into consideration of social media campaign as
an awareness related programme will automatically deliver ample number of
opportunities to parliament. Because with the help of this, government effectively grab
the attention of both adults and young generations towards negative effects of utilising
plastic products in daily life. Hosting social events: This is another promising way of spreading awareness of how
negatively plastic usage can impact upon environment it can easily be spread. Basically,
it has been analysed that hosting a social event in a particular area or state or the whole
country will directly generate attention of public towards how plastic products is
continuously impacting environmental conditions. This is one of the traditional way that
has given promising results in the past when it comes to spreading awareness in relation
10

to anything. In the same way, it can easily be said that considering this type of channel
will directly lead local agency, government or parliament to spread awareness. Empowering and connecting with others who has the same sort of mind-set: Another
vital way of spreading awareness in relation to negative impacts of utilising plastic
products among different ways. It has been analysed that, connecting with others who has
same sort of mind set effectively lead a program like spreading awareness of anything
would directly increase the chances of programme to get successful in a short span.
Connecting with the people that are linking to different NGOs, Local and national
authorities and so on may effectively lead towards grabbing attention of public towards a
good deed like they can effectively help others to get the knowledge of how slowly
plastic has polluted air, water and soil which may also lead earth to go through
unrepairable conditions in near future (Heidbreder and et. al., 2019). Organising the educational events for public: It is also said to be a promising way of
conducting or spreading awareness about negative effects of using plastic products in
today’s world. Basically, educating someone with something which may impact
negatively on the environment and nature in the near future can be considered as a crucial
step towards spreading awareness. It has also been analysed to that resistance to change is
considered as one of the challenges the can be faced by local authorities, NGOs and
government. It is said because usage of plastic products has been a part of life of public
which is impacting health conditions, air, soil and water in different ways and it is hard
for them to consider any other elements like jute bags to carry other products because it is
both it is both costly and might not be helpful for a long period of time just like poly bags
do (plastic carry bags). But, educating public with the same like how negatively it is
impacting on health conditions and some of the other elements which may harm or create
negative influences on both nature and environment which will not be pleasant conditions
to live is something that may shift the interest of public towards other products that are
not made up of plastic components.
2.4 Effective measures that help in reducing the use of plastic
According to Völker, Kramm and Wagner, (2020), reducing the utilisation of plastic
products is something that has become a really very crucial element to be carried out with
promising results because it may impact in both direct and indirect manner on environment,
11

health conditions and so on. it has been analysed to that there are ample number of effective
measures that can be taken by public that will automatically reduce the utilisation of plastic in
daily lives and some of these are initiatives towards carrying reusable bottles and cups, avoiding
excessive food products packaging among different plastic containers, removing utilisation of
reusable plastic cutlery, and so on. Basically, it has been analysed that these are said to be some
of the crucial effective measures that will automatically lead public towards reducing the usage
of plastic material based products.
These are said to be some of the crucial initiatives that are required to be taken by public as
then only the environment conditions will automatically be saved in much effective and in
efficient manner. The most ideal approach to decrease the measure of plastic waste entering seas
is to just cut it off at the source and diminish the sum that is really utilized in any case. Just as
diminishing waste, this has the additional advantage of decreasing the utilization of the
petroleum products used to make plastics in any case. As buyers, public can decide to purchase
items without bundling, convey water bottle, reject straws and utilize reusable shopping sacks -
ordinary acts that will essentially decrease the measure of plastic waste public are answerable
for.
1. Quit purchasing plastic bags - Water and other refreshment bottles, alongside their
tops, are the greatest joined wellspring of plastic waste in our seas. Consistently, over a million
plastic jugs are purchased over the globe and only a little rate are reused. The option is
straightforward - a reusable hardened steel or glass bottle that can be utilized over and over.
These containers are rough and effortlessly cleaned, and can without much of a stretch be tossed
into a pack or left any place you need a beverage - at the workplace or in the vehicle. Shouldn't
something be said about in cafés or bars that offer public a plastic jug of water? Ask for a glass
rather and clarify for what good reason you are doing it (Lehner and et. al., 2019).
2. Convey a reusable shopping pack - On normal a plastic pack is utilized for only 12
minutes, but then can persevere in nature for quite a long time. They are hard to reuse and have
almost no worth regardless of whether gathered, making them amazingly hard to oversee
adequately. The decision here is basic - purchase shopping sack that an individual can utilize
over and over. Fabric sacks are ideal for a wide range of employments and can without much of
a stretch be collapsed away and hefted around for when an individual need it. Furthermore, it is
12

required for them to not be hesitant to state no when offered a plastic sack whenever shopping -
it is the ideal chance to again clarify why the individual are turning it down.
3. Disapprove of plastic straws - It is believed that more than 500 million straws are
utilized each day in the USA, none of which are recyclable because of the materials utilized and
their little size. While many end up in landfill or are scorched, an enormous sum spill into the
earth - plastic straws are one of the commonest wellsprings of sea squander. All things
considered, first inquire as to whether public truly need that straw. On the off chance that the
appropriate response is truly, at that point convey a reusable and metal or bamboo straw with
public. Bamboo has the additional advantage of being very quickly developing and ideal for
restoring corrupted backwoods land.
4. Utilize your own takeaway cup - Styrofoam expendable cups and their plastic covers are
a noteworthy wellspring of sea squander. The froth material step by step separates, however the
rest of the particles can endure for a considerable length of time. Also, neither the cups nor the
tops are effectively recyclable. Indeed, the figures are remarkable - it is imagined that 25 billion
extended polystyrene froth cups are utilized each year in the USA alone; the figure for the whole
globe is inestimable. On the off chance that public should get a takeaway espresso, at that point
bring public reusable and protected cup - not exclusively will it lessen the plastic impression,
however it will likewise keep espresso more smoking for more!
5. Convey reusable compartments - Much like expendable espresso cups and their tops,
plastic styrofoam food holders litter sea shores over the globe and are discovered floating in the
uttermost spans of our seas. Doing a change to your own compartments is anything but difficult
to do - in a perfect world glass or metal holders, however even plastic tupperware is superior to
nothing - it is at any rate reusable! Start having a lot of compartments, a fabric shopping sack and
a water bottle with public any place they need them.
Chapter 3
3. Research Methodology
3.0 Study Overview
There are numerous medical issues identified with individuals over the globe related with
the utilization of and access to plastics. The techniques for preparing, taking care of, reusing and
simply plastic might be unimaginably hurtful. The insignificant decisions for plastics extraction
13

however a portion of the basic ways can be made which help in defeating the current issue of
over utilization of plastic. To restrain plastic contamination effectively, the utilization of plastic
clearly should be decreased.
It includes changing every day activities of ordinary citizens at a huge scope. Besides a
superior elective like paper or expendable fabric sacks to be utilized and in the event that plastic
is carefully required just, at that point it must be utilized. Thusly, a few plastic items might be
reused for different purposes. It is valuable to consider whether items produced using plastic can
be reused before dumping them like void boxes reuse to store different things (Heidbreder and et.
al., 2019). Plastic preparing contains the capacity and reprocessing of plastic materials through
new things so as to diminish volumes of plastic inside the contamination channel. Another
pivotal arrangement is instruction average citizens about the perilous of plastic use so as to build
mindfulness and bring social change.
3.1 Search strategy
In every single investigation, an effective search strategy focuses on methodical survey and
will be accounted for on in the strategies segment of the dissertation (Leal Filho and et. al.,
2019). The inquiry procedure recovers most of the investigations that researchers will evaluate
for qualification and incorporation. Present context the Research question that has been taken
into consideration is “What are the hazards of plastic use on common people?”. Based on the
developed question, Pico framework has been utilised that will help in pulling out the search
strategy which is presented underneath:
 Patient or population/disease: The particular group of people that has been taken into
consideration in present investigation is the population of United Kingdom along with
those individuals who has breathing problems and severe issues in relation to their
respiratory system.
 Intervention, prognostic factor, or exposure: Specifically, the preservations along with
the interventions that has been developed by government of United Kingdom are Clean
Air Strategy (2019) and many more. These initiatives will directly help reducing the
usage of plastics which will impact positively on day today life cycle of people of United
Kingdom and it will also reduce the chances of getting ill because of rising pollution due
to plastic products and packages.
14

 Comparison or control: Clean Air Strategy (2019) and Health Matters are the two crucial
interventions developed by parliament of United Kingdom in order to reduce the waste
materials that can specifically harm not only air but water and soil as well. in present
context both of these interventions will also been taken into consideration that will help
researcher in pulling out favourable outcomes of how usage of plastics can be reduced to
minimal and how these interventions will be impacting positively on health conditions of
United Kingdom’s public.
 Outcome: Basically, the expected results will be zero utilisation of synthetic components
or sub synthetic materials that helps in manufacturing plastic products as this may result
in to rise in hazardous effects like increase in illusion, impact on water and other
environment’s preserved resources and so on. Zero utilisation of products and packaging
along with poly bags may directly impact positively on health conditions and so on.
Considering the above Pico test, researcher has came into the position of utilising the
information from the different studies which has been performed by authors in past 2 years only
as this will help investigator in pulling out promising results in relation to the topic which has
been chosen or taken into consideration.
3.2 Search parameters
There are a range of search parameters that has been taken into consideration by a
researcher in order to narrowing the overall subject towards a detailed analysis of how hazardous
plastic has impacted on day to day life of common people and how it has affected their health
conditions as well (van Emmerik and Schwarz, 2020). In present context, it can be said that
investigation will be performed considering different sources like books, articles, government
online websites, and formation given by World health organisation and so on. Also, these
information will be carried out from the year of 2018-2020 as this will directly help researcher in
in pulling out updated information or data in relation to hazardous plastic and its impact on
health conditions of common people.
3.3 Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Clinical trial for performing any sort of investigations on health related aspects it is much
required by the researcher to specifically consider inclusion and exclusion criteria as this
specifically specify the information in relation to what are the components that has been included
and what are the other elements that has been excluded from the investigation which is been
15

performed by the researcher. In present context, researcher has taken into consideration of this
type of approach in order to set the components that are being considered while investigating the
topic which is hazardous plastic’s impact on common people's life and health conditions as well
(Williams and et. al., 2019). Inclusion Criteria: Patients dealing with respiratory system related problems like
asthma, difficulties in breathing and other problems that can take place due to use of
plastic or inhaling the polluted air that originated whole manufacturing or utilising plastic
baggage in order to keep food preserved from being contaminated. Exclusion criteria: Patients dealing with chronic diseases like cancer, HIV, many other
problems that may lead to death are not going to be included under this investigation
where the topic is hazardous impact on common people's life of United Kingdom while
utilising plastic which is carrying high influence in daily life of people.
3.4 Feasibility
Feasibility of the general examination that has been finished by agent on the picked subject
corresponding to keep people from utilizing plastic devices, items and different things as it is
legitimately affecting adversely on condition. Fundamentally, the practicality of this examination
on the point that has been picked by specialist will be comprehended with the assistance of
Saunders research onion model.
3.5 Research process
This is viewed as the essential phase of the exploration on youthful where investigators
explicitly distinguish is the theme, how successfully the specific examination approach that the
person will consider for playing out the examination will help and how it will convey the data
according to the specific and wanted results on the picked subject and goals.
3.6 Research philosophy
Crucial part of the exploration onion model where investigator explicitly looks among
changed accepts and viewpoints of leading the examination in a correct full issue. Essentially,
there are two sorts of examination ways of thinking that can be considered by investigator and
these are constructivism and positivism. So as to lead the examination in legitimate way,
investigator has mulled over of positivism reasoning as it will conveyed realities about various
accepts that has been conveyed by open from the previous decades according to plastic use.
16

3.7 Research approach
In present exploring world, there are two unique sorts of approaches that can be used by
analyst so as to direct the examination in a moral way and these are inductive and deductive. It
remains the choice of investigator while playing out the examination to contemplate of one
specific exploration approach. In this examination of taking a gander at the effect of plastic
usage, investigator will use inductive exploring approach as it is straightforwardly associated
with quantitative exploration.
3.8 Research strategies
A portion of the exploration methodologies that are used by various examinations
considering their own theme our test, contextual investigation, activity Research and some more.
Present examination, investigator has used or going to mull over of contextual analysis research
start as it will help in dissecting different viewpoints of explores that has just performed
examination on the various kinds of examinations done on counteraction of plastic use in this
day and age.
3.9 Research Choices
A couple of decisions that can be embraced by investigators while directing an examination
like mono strategy, blended technique and a lot more others. Present examination, analyst has
contemplated of blended decision of technique as this will help in looking among changed parts
of different investigations that has just been performed on the equivalent or somewhat unique
theme related examinations.
3.10 Time Horizons
Time is a significant piece of study since it bolster analyst in distinguishing proof of
timespan for research fruition. For this piece of procedure, Gantt Chart is consider progressively
appropriate and valuable methods as it helps analyst in recognizable proof of beginning and
closure timeframe for finishing every exercises of exploration.
3.11 Data Collection
There are two strategies for social affair data which are primary and secondary. This
assessment will be done by social occasion simply optional data. Books, magazines, articles, etc
are consider fruitful sources that will be used for social event information about the impact of
plastic use on people.
17

3.12 Types of investigation
There are basically two sort of study for instance subjective and quantitative. By doing
current assessment, quantitative sort of study will be applied considering the way that it support
in party of information in numerical and practical way. As appear differently in relation to
emotional assessment, quantitative examination is progressively fitting as it not require some
venture of investigator (Stafford and Jones, 2019).
3.13 Resources
There is essential of a couple of advantage which are web interface, magazines, papers, PC
structure, and so forth. These are significant resources and help an authority in social event and
taking care of strong information about the risks of plastic use over people. Close by this, there
are in like manner a couple of advantages that will be need to use by expert for instance
correspondence, legitimate proportion of capital, time, etc. These benefits will be progressively
useful for expert in realization of each development of examination effectively a purposely.
3.14 Ethical Considerations
This can be determined as one of the most significant pieces of the exploration. Expositions
may even be destined to disappointment if this part is absent. In this manner, while researching
the subject please on the plastic use that has affected contrarily upon condition. The general point
which has been used by investigator to lead examination might be helping analyst in conveying
the correct data to open corresponding to contamination. Likewise, the data is used from various
sources that were moral in nature and this is the place it very well may be said that the general
examination is directed without cultivating, for offending some other person towards
advancement of the general public.
3.15 Data extraction
In present investigation, the data is going to be extracted from different secondary sources
like books coma online articles, study which has been performed by scholars and researchers in
the past two years in relation to plastic usage and their impact on health conditions of individuals
and so on. Basically, the data or the information will be collected from different sources but they
will be considered of past two or maybe three years only. This will help the whole investigation
to pull out favourable outcomes in relation to hazardous plastic’s impact on daily life of common
people.
18

3.16 Critical appraisal
Based on the information which has been presented above it is being critically analyse to
that packaging done with plastic secures and safeguard products, while lessening weight in
transportation, which spares fuel and diminishes harming substance emanations. From PCs and
phones to TVs and microwaves, solid, lightweight and reasonable plastics have upset the
hardware we depend on consistently (Cuthbertson and et. al., 2019). However, if it is analysed
for a long term period then it can be said that usage of plastic is not only going to harm the
environment but it may also impact negatively on health conditions as well of human. If the
usage will run in the same way of plastic packaging straw and other products when it is may be
possible that it will harm in much more severe way to the future generation. It is much needed
for manufacturers of plastic to reduce the pollution through mixing different solutions or
considering in those areas only which may hardly impact on health conditions of citizens of
United Kingdom or of the world.
3.17 Outcomes
Considering the data that has been gathered it is interpreted or summarise to that reducing
the plastic usage in day to day life will impact positively on health conditions as it will reduce
the risks at minimal level of increasing pollution in air, water and soil as well. On the other hand,
it can also be said that greenhouse effect will also be reduced to minimal if usage of plastic
products and different elements are going to be reduced. Spreading awareness in relation to
negative impact of using plastic has become essential and on the off chance that public is to
conquer the difficulties of plastic waste and contamination. In present context, famous news
channels like BBC's Blue Planet II, introduced by David Attenborough, have assisted with
carrying the issue of plastic waste to the bleeding edge.
Be that as it may, there's still a lot to defeat to change perspectives and practices towards
plastic, particularly in 'dispensable' culture. Away with this, it is also summarise to that
Westminster City Council Commercial Waste Services, activities done by public of United
Kingdom, banded together with Veolia and the Heart of London Business Alliance, to bring
issues to light through inventive reusing is one of the numerous ways government raising the
significance of reusing in London. To enable, it will be needed by citizens of United Kingdom to
begin presenting increasingly reasonable practices and perspectives towards plastic in every
single business which is being operated by both public and private industries.
19

CHAPTER 4
4.1 Discussion
The discussion part of investigation is based on the literature review in which information
has been collected by using secondary sources. The objectives have been attained in literature
review by considering the opinion and viewpoints of the different authors and different source
like books, articles, internet sources and others.
There has been discussed that Plastics contamination means an accumulation in Earth's
atmosphere of plastic products and particulate material that adversely impacts ecosystems,
wildlife habitat and human life. The scale of the micro, mesotypic- or macro-debris used as
contaminants are known as micro- or macro-debris. The use of plastic encourages drain from
synthetic toxins contained in bleeding and tissues of human body. This includes negative impacts
of synthetic on the benefit of people. This includes the fact that it has induced numerous
dangerous illnesses such as malignancies, deserts, decreased immunity and endocrine disorders.
Thirdly, plastics are liable for destroying groundwater, given that toxic synthetic combinations
lead to plastic and saturated bodies of flooded water which flow too many waterways including
lakes downstream. On the other hand, plastics really aren't necessarily awful and that they have
several biological highlights to restore; however, use of plastic products is a significant part
of techniques individuals use in systems. Their solidity and low strength minimize material
substituted by smaller materials, their weight decreases dispatching vitality and concept of them
in stick products involves the development of constructed wood and plate objects from reused
wood (Chiw and Ling, 2019).
This has been examined that use of plastic develops negative impact on the life of people.
This impacts on their health and arisen different health related disease. The use of high-
temperature plastic and plastic products will promptly drain to food, drinks, and water from
poisonous compounds. Unsuccessful removal of plastics on and off shore can cause general well-
being dangers by bringing poisonous syntheses into the air. Including plastic has now become
part of daily life of ordinary people, which gradually poses other safety issues as it contaminates
food directly and can lead to illness over a long period in plastic container. Floating plastic waste
often colonize aquatic animals, while this contributes to acquisition and transportation of the
aquatic surface for significant periods. Government in each country is expected to establish
measures to spread awareness of how plastics can negatively affect not only on common people's
20

lives but also on nature and the environment. Aware of need for the use of plastic products would
ultimately decrease and have a positive effect on public health problems worldwide.
There has been stated that this has been key factor in today's time of knowledge of social
cause. This has been studied that the public should take various measures to protect the earth
from harmful consequences, such as avoiding plastics that pollute not just to air but also soil and
water. In essence, spreading awareness and support acts can lead to a public making important
steps towards saving the environment for generations to come. There has been different ways to
spread awareness studied such as Social media Campaigns, Hosting social events, Empowering
and connecting with others who has the same sort of mind-set and Organizing the educational
events for public.
This has been discussed that decreasing the use of the plastic products has now become a
genuinely important factor with impressive outcomes as it can affect the environment, health
problems and so on both directly and indirectly. The study found that there are plenty of
effective public interventions to immediately reduce the uses of plastics in everyday lives,
including initiatives to transport reusable bottles and cups, to prevent wasteful packing of food
items among the different plastic containers, to eliminate the use of reusable plastic cups and
others. In order to minimize the plastic use, there has been different measures examined like Quit
purchasing plastic bags, Disapprove of plastic straws, Convey a reusable shopping pack- , Utilize
your own takeaway cup and Convey reusable compartments.
4.2 Application to theoretical framework
The Strategy’s main aim is to create a community-based approach to the management of
plastic use whereby households; city governments and plastic use share their responsibilities. A
greater portion of the potted \ waste that currently ends at dumpsites can be recycled effectively
and at low costs by fostering producer accountability and household involvement. The Program
aims to work a return and buyback program for multiple stakeholders who will promote the
processing and retrieval of plastic use that currently enters community. The different components
included in the conceptual framework related to the plastic reduction mention below:
Setting recovery system goals- A recovery method may be used in various ways to
accomplish a desired goal. The key aim is to improve plastic waste collection and recycling at
end of the life and support the environmental safety of manufacturers.
21

Kerbside collection system- This is device that collects discards in close proximity to
customers or relatives, equivalent to collection of normal household waste. In order to promote
optimum collection, consumers can drop plastic wastage at convenient and easy access collection
points.
Bring system- This is scheme under which the customer is to put the plastic waste
materials into a container and something similar, that is situated less or less away from
consumer's home. These systems involve, among others, drop-offs and recycling stations. A
framework which largely depended on consumer products for containers distributed in several
parts of towns and cities is exemplified by the packaging collection.
On the other hand, another theory that can be taken into consideration in present context
where a researcher is performing investigation on the chosen topic which is hazardous impact of
utilising plastic over daily life of common people behaviourism theory can be applied which is
presented underneath:
Behaviourism Theory: Providing data with the help of different media channels
campaigns may not change the behaviour of public. Basically, the information that has been
provided on social media channels or any other media like television may increasingly help
people to get to know about the issue but it may not resolve it. On the other hand, it can also be
said that indirect influence over the behaviour of public may develop much more open towards
various awareness related campaigns or interventions or through signalling various social norms
which are specifically unwritten rules and conditions of acceptable behaviour.
In present context, it can be said that behaviourism theory main help in changing the
behaviour public towards the problem that has been raised and it may also help in empowering
individuals in different ways. Over the years it has been analysed to that public is left feeling
capable of bringing ample number of modifications, and this has been done through making
alterations within behaviour that may automatically affect the issue that has been raised. This
could be understood with the good example of the chosen topic where modelling sustainable
behaviours towards different television shows like KeepCups or beeswax wraps. It has been
analysed to that, if the public ones is aware with the problem that took place then there are are a
little initiatives are required to be taken and this can be done through different course of actions
taken by both Government and public as well because then only intervention main work ok and
22

reach to the desired goal of reducing plastic products or baggage so that negative impact over
health conditions of common people can be reduced to minimal.
It can also be said that there are a few other initiatives that can also be taken into
consideration by parliament of United Kingdom like can also encourage retailers to “change the
default”. Japan increased the refusal rate of plastic bags to 40% after six months of cashiers
simply asking people if they wanted a bag. This methodology could be utilized for different
items as well. For instance, envision beverage not accompanying a straw except if citizens of
United Kingdom explicitly request it. This would eliminate squander, while additionally evading
the unintended outcomes of forbidding an item that is significant for individuals with an
inability. Given that there is as of now solid help for decreasing dependence on single-use
plastics, another straightforward arrangement is give prompts in key areas, as carparks and work
environments, to remind individuals to bring their reusables (Godswill and Godspel, 2019).
Buyer request likewise urges producers to make increasingly advantageous reusable alternatives,
as collapsible espresso cups and metal keychain straws. Organizations can likewise make
reusables increasingly open by presenting item sharing plans like the Freiburg Cup in Germany
or Boomerang Bags in Australia.
4.3 Limitations
Research limitations must therefore be period of time the study is performed, and
researcher's ability to collect the data and information from use of secondary research method.
The researcher was small in keeping with the timing instructions for completing every thesis
component within the specified timeframe when it was completed. The short time to complete
the analysis ensures that the researcher has a reasonable period for testing compared to the
answers the investigator allows for the collection of information on the secondary method. The
size of evidence available in UK on to assess the knowledge of hazard of plastic use on common
people is also the greatest constraint of this study. The organization's internet sites and work-
related burden and physiological aggression related statistics is publicly accessible with reliable
information or documentation from the annual reports. There is also much more knowledge and
data that researcher could not address because they were not publicly accessible. Therefore, a
researcher had no access to data from an agency nor was it publicly supported by a corporation.
23

4.4 Implications for Nursing
As the plastic use or the wastage develops the negative impact on the human health and
this negatively impact on the environment. Polythene bags are main sources of plastic
contaminants everything around. In addition, the defective home appliances plastics, defective
plastic, mainly waste materials are added by tables and accessories. The Business often plastic
materials are released into the field and water for plastic waste. Plastic has many consequences
for people and the environment through development. Lightweight and thus fly and field in and
out of waste monsoon pain. Even the plastic coloring item is distributed in and polluted by
groundwater. In the polluting sector, nurses are largest occupation in the world. In United
Kingdom, over 3 million RNs are much more nurses than just about any other health care
profession. Most of the medical staff makes up 30%-40% of RNs. Currently; nurses are in nearly
every clinical experience and at several points of clinical judgment. Around about the same time,
health care pollutes a great deal and produces 10% of the country's greenhouse gases (Godswill
and Godspel, 2019). Healthcare facilities are often the largest consumer of plastic wastage in
community; medical facilities produce thousands of tons for each year of waste and use a variety
of toxic chemicals. Nurses should encourage the common people to use of cleaner energy
sources in practice locations. The environmental harm caused by renewable energy sources like
wind, solar and wind power was minimized compared with fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
4.5 Conclusion
It has been concluded from the above mentioned report that plastic used of plastic develops
negative impact on health of people and it also polluted the environment. It is considered as a
main issue in the different areas such as water, air and others. The plastic products are mainly
used to common people or public so it is easier to use with less cost and provides benefits to
society but it develops the negative impact on health of people and atmosphere. In this research
project, the negative impact of the plastic use on society has been discussed in a detailed manner.
In the literature review, there has been discussed about the influence of the plastic used on life of
the common people. There has been discussed regarding different ways by which awareness
regarding negative impact of the plastic used over environment can be spread effectively. This
helps in reducing the use of plastic use and develops the positive impact on health of people and
environment. In order to minimizing the plastic use, there has been different measures taken such
as with the purchasing of plastic bags, convey reusable shopping pack, use the takeaway and
24

disapprove of the plastic straws. In the research methodology part, there has been positivism
research philosophy used. In order to collection of information, there has been secondary data
collection method used as it provides the information in a detailed manner. In this, there has been
considered the different opinions and viewpoints of researcher
25

References
Books and Journals
Kumar, P., 2018. Role of plastics on human health. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 85(5),
pp.384-389.
Alam, O., Billah, M. and Yajie, D., 2018. Characteristics of plastic bags and their potential
environmental hazards. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 132, pp.121-129.
Arı, E. and Yılmaz, V., 2017. Consumer attitudes on the use of plastic and cloth
bags. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19(4), pp.1219-1234.
Heidbreder, L.M. and et. al., 2019. Tackling the plastic problem: A review on perceptions,
behaviors, and interventions. Science of the total environment, 668, pp.1077-1093.
Retama, I. and et. al., 2016. Microplastics in tourist beaches of Huatulco Bay, Pacific coast of
southern Mexico. Marine pollution bulletin, 113(1-2), pp.530-535.
Steinmetz, Z. and et. al., 2016. Plastic mulching in agriculture. Trading short-term agronomic
benefits for long-term soil degradation?. Science of the total environment, 550, pp.690-
705.
Eagle, L., Hamann, M. and Low, D.R., 2016. The role of social marketing, marine turtles and
sustainable tourism in reducing plastic pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 107(1),
pp.324-332.
Peng, J., Wang, J. and Cai, L., 2017. Current understanding of microplastics in the environment:
occurrence, fate, risks, and what we should do. Integrated Environmental Assessment
and Management, 13(3), pp.476-482.
Ryan, P.G., 2018. Entanglement of birds in plastics and other synthetic materials. Marine
pollution bulletin, 135, pp.159-164.
Chaukura, N. and et. al., 2016. Potential uses and value-added products derived from waste
polystyrene in developing countries: A review. Resources, Conservation and
Recycling, 107, pp.157-165.
Yang, J. and et. al., 2019. Migration of phthalates from plastic packages to convenience foods
and its cumulative health risk assessments. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part
B, 12(3), pp.151-158.
Dumbili, E. and Henderson, L., 2020. The challenge of plastic pollution in Nigeria. In Plastic
Waste and Recycling (pp. 569-583). Academic Press.
Rajmohan, K. V. S. and et. al., 2019. Plastic pollutants: effective waste management for
pollution control and abatement. Current Opinion in Environmental Science &
Health, 12, pp.72-84.
Pathak, G. and Nichter, M., 2019. The anthropology of plastics: an agenda for local studies of a
global matter of concern. Medical anthropology quarterly, 33(3), pp.307-326.
Shi, M. and et. al., 2019. Plastic film mulching increased the accumulation and human health
risks of phthalate esters in wheat grains. Environmental Pollution, 250, pp.1-7.
Heidbreder, L. M. and et. al., 2019. Tackling the plastic problem: A review on perceptions,
behaviors, and interventions. Science of the total environment, 668, pp.1077-1093.
Völker, C., Kramm, J. and Wagner, M., 2020. On the creation of risk: framing of microplastics
risks in science and media. Global Challenges, 4(6), p.1900010.
Lehner, R. and et. al., 2019. Emergence of nanoplastic in the environment and possible impact
on human health. Environmental science & technology, 53(4), pp.1748-1765.
26

Leal Filho, W. and et. al., 2019. Plastic debris on Pacific Islands: Ecological and health
implications. Science of the total environment, 670, pp.181-187.
van Emmerik, T. and Schwarz, A., 2020. Plastic debris in rivers. Wiley Interdisciplinary
Reviews: Water, 7(1), p.e1398.
Williams, M. and et. al., 2019. No time to waste: Tackling the plastic pollution crisis before it’s
too late.
Stafford, R. and Jones, P. J., 2019. Viewpoint–Ocean plastic pollution: A convenient but
distracting truth?. Marine policy, 103, pp.187-191.
Cuthbertson, J. and et. al., 2019. Current and emerging disaster risks perceptions in Oceania: Key
stakeholders recommendations for disaster management and resilience
building. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(3),
p.460.
Chiw, A. and Ling, H. S., 2019. Young people of Australia and climate change: Perceptions and
concerns.
Godswill, A. C. and Godspel, A. C., 2019. Physiological Effects of Plastic Wastes on the
Endocrine System (Bisphenol A, Phthalates, Bisphenol S, PBDEs,
TBBPA). International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 4(2),
pp.11-29.
27

Appendix
Gantt Chart
28

29