The Dynamic Tourism Environment

This article explores the dynamic tourism environment and its impact on the industry. It discusses the current trends and forces of change in tourism, including the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examines how tourism stakeholders respond to these changes. Key reading materials are provided for further exploration.

The Dynamic Tourism Environment.
Driven by a relatively strong global economy, a growing middle class in
emerging economies, technological advances, new business models, affordable
travel costs and visa facilitation, international tourist arrivals grew 5% in 2018 to
reach the 1.4 billion mark, UNWTO (2019).
Furthermore, export earnings generated by tourism grew to USD 1.7 trillion in
2018, making the tourism sector a true global force for economic growth and
development, driving the creation of more and better jobs and serving as
catalyst for innovation and entrepreneurship.
In short, tourism is building better lives for millions of individuals and
transforming communities.
Then, Covid-19 happened.
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered an unprecedented crisis in
the tourism economy, given the immediate and immense shock to the sector.
Revised Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2020)
statistics estimates on the COVID-19 impact point to 60% decline in international
tourism in 2020. This could rise to 80% if recovery is delayed until December,
with unparalleled economic and societal impacts.
However, although Covid-19 is the primary talking point in Tourism currently, it is
not the only force of change within an industry that is susceptible to shocks and
crises.
The World Economic Forum (2020) writes “today’s risk landscape is shaped by an
unsettled geopolitical environment in which new centres of power are forming—
as old alliances and global institutions are being tested”. For the economy,
“ammunition to fight a potential recession is lacking, and there is a possibility of
an extended low-growth period. Climate change and related environmental
issues are ranked highest in terms of likelihood”.
ABTA (2020) predicted that 2019 would be the year that sustainability issues
would go mainstream and that has proved to be the case, with a spotlight thrown
on climate change in particular. Greta Thunberg and Extinction Rebellion have
become household names and there is an increasing appetite to understand the
environmental impacts of travel and tourism. Tourism can be a tremendous force
for good, although impacts on destinations, their natural environment,
economies and communities need to be managed.
This module, and the assessment you are undertaking, will evaluate current
trends within tourism. You will identify key forces of change in the industry and
the impacts these changes have. A discussion on how a tourism
stakeholder responds to changes or events that impact upon the tourism
industry will also take place.
Key Reading:

ABTA Travel Trends Report / CAPA / WTTC Publications / Skift / UNWTO Library /
UNWTO Tourism Highlights / Stakeholder Response Strategies / WEF Global Risk
Report
1: Definition Triangulation. Triangulation is the use of more than one method of
research to add depth to data and analysis, contributing to greater confidence in
findings (Bryman, Bell, & Teevan, 2009). Using the triangle below, source three
definitions of “Tourism”. When this has been completed, create your own
working definition of this term. (50 words).
Journal:
Year: 2019
Author: Ulrike Zartler
Definition: Multiple
perspective interviews
(MPIs) involve interviewing
members of a social group
separately and triangulating
their accounts during
analysis to gain insights into
the functioning of such
groups (e.g. families).
Working Definition:
It refers to the measurement of elements which is necessary to
determine triangles networks in any part of the earths surface
for survey.

2: Historical development of Tourism. As a constantly evolving industry, Tourism is in its current position due to a series of
major, and minor, global events. Choose two of these events and discuss the impact they have had on the tourism industry.
(450 words).
There are different historical development of tourism due to constantly evolving industry series of major and minor global events which has created an
impact on the tourism industry which are going to be discussed further.
Event one: The attack of 9/11 in the United States in 2001
This was one of the major events which were occurred on 11 September 2001. This was unforgettable due to the series of damage of human
losses and materials. This occurred in New York City. There was an immediate negative impact that created use changes in the tourism and traveling
industry. There was a huge change in the safety of consumer habits and rules which immediately applied to international travel especially on air travel.
After this event, tourism air travel has been changed and security over air travel has been created usually which shows direct impact of this event . This
event was the one in which there was terrorist attack which created by aeroplane. Due to this event, there was huge change on security of the air
travelling. This have created consecutive growth in international airport Association and due to this event, there was a reduction in tourist arrival within
United State. This was the event which has created high impact over the tourism industry and created loss . Due to not getting more tourist travel
through aeroplane which created loss and negative impact on tourism. This event was drastic evolutionary for the tourism industry which was concerned
with travel by airplane. Every Airport Security has been changed and increase due to this terrorist attack. There was fear in travelers due to hijack of
aeroplane which was used for this event. This created high loss for the tourism industry due to fearing of travelling from different states or country.
Event Two: Attacks in Paris 2015
On the night of 13 November, the capital of French was there with the scene of number of terrorist attacks which was done by Islamist suicide
Bomber. There was about 137 people had lost their lives and more than 415 where get injured. This created terror and use negative impact on the
tourist which was related with tourism. There were used different measures for reversing the situation of tourism which was for increasing the tourism
and travelling pattern. Due to this attack, about 30% of the tourism got directly impacted. In year 2017, France was not able to recover their turnover
due to this attack and lost approx 1.3 million tourist. Due to this attack there were draught exchange on the tourism and due to which tourist don't like
to travel in France as a tourist. According to French capitals tourism and Congress office, there was huge decrease in the tourist which created high loss
for the tourism industry in France. This was one of the most devastating event which created huge difference on travelling and tourism industry and
received millions of loss. Due to not getting tourist for their travel and tourism industry created lot of loss for this industry which directly get impacted of
this event. There are many of the tourist canceled their plan for tourism and travelling to France for longer duration of time. This created by terrorist

attack which was there in shape of suicide bombing. This make tourist to not believe on any person whom they don't know. Due to this, tourism industry
faced huge difference before and after this event. There was many years taken for reversing this impact and influencing tourist for making their tourism
plan for the France.

3: In addition to events changing Tourism in the past, events are influencing the Tourism industry now. Using the WEF Global
Risk Report (2020) below as your guide, choose two risks from different categories and complete the following (1,000 words):
A) Description of risk; B) Identification of potential destinations where risk could impact upon;
C) Discussion of impact this risk may have on the tourism industry;

Risk One: Risk of organized crime or terrorism
A)This is the risk of organized crime and terrorism which has been easily observed on the
place where tourists like to travel and for knowing the local culture of that destination. This is the
one in which criminals plan for making crime and frame tourist on those crime and robbery which
is taken place which is one of the main cause of organized crime. This is the one in which local
people plan for crime for robbing tourist for money. Terrorism is another example which created
by fear and risk in the tourism which can be seen through history which have many events are
there present which risk of terrorism. This is the risk which is visible to regular basis and occurs on
many destination place which have high impact over the tourism and due to which it has impacted
the tourism industry negatively.
B)Potential destination is travelling to new places and visiting local area of the destination
could have high risk and impact upon tourist. This is generally taken place in the local area of the
destination place where tourists like to visit. Due to this, that place of the destination get popular
in negative sense and which created loss of tourist for that place. This created within tourist for
travelling such type of destination where there is a high chance of organized crime and terrorism.
Organized crime and terrorism is highly Effective in losing of tourist and making their destination
on blacklist. There are different destination places are influenced with such type of activity which
are related with generally tourism in prone area where thee is less control of local authority and
have high chances of getting robbed on such place. This is generally on night when there are very
less person on that places which influences thieves for making crime. There are also chance of
terrorist attach on highly famous place which can make name in history like big event which have
higher chances of terrorist attacks. Like big political event are one of the major chances for the
terrorist attack which can have high impact on the tourism industry.
C)Due to such type operation create negative impact on the destination place and
created a negative review for such type of destination place. This creates directly impact the
tourism and travelling for that destination. This create loss of economy of that place and also loss
of tourism industry. Tourism industry and local area related with such type of destination place
where risk of organized crime and terrorism in suspected are highly negatively impacted. This
leads to created loss of economy for that destination.
Risk 2: Physical risk
A)This is the risk which is associated with environmental factor like natural disaster,
drastic change in climate, visiting of dangerous places and getting injured and some of the physical
risk which is associated with tourism and travelling. This harm destination. These are the risk
associated with every destination and during tourism and travelling which have high impact over
tourist Physical health. This is the risk associated with physical activity when due to injury damage,
due to natural disaster change in climate and due to visiting of dangerous places and to create a
chance of physical risk. This can create negative impact over tourism and travelling of that place.
This can directly impact the economy of that country or destination and affect the tourism of the
destination which create loss for tourism industry of that place or destination.
B)There are many destination like dangerous places which are famous for tourist like
bungee jumping places, paragliding, rafting and many more. It have the ability and chance for

getting injured due to harsh activity. This is one of the main attraction for tourist to get experience
of such activity which created high impact over tourism and lead to create a negative impact. This
is the cause for the injury and physical risk in this industry. There are different destination places
which are generally associated with tourism and travelling and approx 90% of tourism places and
destination include the physical risk which is either near the sea, beach which have the chance of
flood. In jungle safari, there is chance of getting wild of wild animal and losing control over
animals. This is associated with physical injury or a risk of life.
C)Destination place like uphill stations which are generally used for bungee jumping and
another physical activity which have the high risk of Physical health. This lead to create a chance
of physical risk for the population. tourist like to travel and visit different destination place. Such
type of destination place are highly influencing population for making high demand of tourism and
travelling of that destination which attract many population for tourism. Physical injury create
large number of population. Due to this, tourism industry may have a chance for losing tourist
which are generally due to cause of Tsunami, flood, change in weather, losing control over wild
animals. Such type of destination place which are having chance of physical risk impact the
tourism industry and created loss for that destination of tourism industry.
4: The Cambridge dictionary defines a trend as “a general direction in which
something is developing or changing”. ABTA Travel Trends Report (2020) identify
five trends currently taking place in the tourism industry. These can be seen
below:

4: Choose one trend from the ABTA Travel Trend Report (2020) and evaluate how
this trend could impact on a sector of the tourism industry in the future. (500
words).
Electric aviation takes flight is one of the trend from the ABTA travel trend report 2020.
This is the one which have the high impact in the future which is able to create changed in the
tourism industry. This can impact highly associated with tourist. This is the one which have high
impact over time where there is use of electric for using the airplanes. This is the one through
which its passenger can travel from one place to another in hundreds of miles in easy manner.
This is the one in which they are aim is to achieve electric powered flight which can easily travel
the distance without high noise. This is the future for the airlines. In future, this type of airline can
create high impact over the tourism industry and tourist. Visitors to refer electric aviation flight
which have high chances of low noise and provide relief to passenger for travelling long distance
like 300 to 600 miles in easy manner. This is the one which have used in the future for travelling
and tourism. This will impact highly to the tourism industry. Many people don't like to travel with
aeroplane due to impact of noise. Many tourists like to travel through such type of flight which
will be a better experience for travelling from one place to another for their destination places.
This is the one which will create new experience for tourism industry. People will like to travel
through such type of aircraft which have advanced technology and have sustainable mode of for
travelling. This type of aircraft are able to provide sustainable mode and will replace the fuel

consumption. This also create a demand for the future. This can help tourism industry to get large
customer base for their industry. This will create high influence over the tourism industry and
tourist are associated with travelling from one place to another place. This can create saving of
time and refer for noise proof aircraft. Traveller will like to use such type of airplane for travelling
which have high impact over noise reduction and use of advanced technology within aircraft. This
can create a source of attraction for many tourist and people a large group of population will like
to travel through first type of advanced technology based aircraft. This have electrical
consumption and a very low noise and provide a new experience for the travelling. This is going to
be in demand in future. This is the future of airplane which will attract large population for
travelling and this lead to create one of the large opportunity for tourism industry for attracting
large customer base for their business. Due to use of electrical application of aircraft and not use
of fuel which is a high-tech development for the airplane. This will have the power to attract large
customer base for travel through such type of airplane and large population will like to get
experience of this. This is able to influence customer for travelling and enhance the productivity
and profitability of tourism industry directly or indirectly.
5: Given the economic value of the tourism industry being $1,700,000,000,000
(UNWTO 2019), there is intense competition between organisations for financial
gain. However, given the dynamic nature of the tourism industry environment,
events occur regularly that require a response from these organisations. These
responses impact on profit, reputation and image of the organisation or
destination.
Identify one event that has happened in the last five years and analyse the
response of a tourism organisation to this event. (500 words).
Covid-19 is an event which has happened in 2019 and have a high impact over the tourism
Organization. This is the one which is able to create a high impact during travelling and tourism
industry. This is the virus which has no any vaccination and no any medication. There was no
much information available of virus due to which it was very difficult to counter it. This was
created infection in population due to getting in touch and get in contact with other. Due to this
specification, virus created negative impact on the tourism industry which were directly
associated with gathering on a place and get in contact with other person. Person who were
infected tends to spread the virus in many person and don’t have any control on it. This virus was
highly associated with life threatening and have a negative health for the person. This created
threat of life for the tourist and due to this tourist we are avoiding the travelling. For this,
government has made different policy and guidelines which is needed to follow by tourism
industry for providing safety for their customer. This Covid-19 impact has lower the tourism in all
over the world. Covid-19 played an important role which has created negative impact for the
travelling industry. Spread of coronavirus creates fear in people of travelling from one place to
another due to chance of getting infected during their travelling. There were 10% of people who
where travelling due to some important and essential work. Due to spread of coronavirus is
spread created huge negative impact on the tourism industry and created high loss for every
organization who belongs to tourism industry. This was the one which has created negative
impact over the different tourism Organization. Organixation lead to use the protective measure
for their tourist for providing better safety from the spread of coronavirus. In this procedure,
there are many organization who have used different procedure of sanitization of their premises
to make the premises Virus free. They have made some rules and regulation which need to be

follow by the customer and by staff member both. There was wearing of mask, which was made
compulsory to wear.It can help to avoid the direct contact with the virus. This was necessary
protective measures that can provide high protection for the tourist against coronavirus. Their
development of check-in and check-out totally electronically which was based on artificial
intelligence for providing contactless entry and exit. This was also used for providing better safety
against coronavirus to the staff member and traveller. Tourism industry has made their premises
sanitized and provide high security over safety for their population. Due to a spread of
coronavirus, there was a huge impact on the tourism industry. People were afraid of travelling
through one place to another due to spread of coronavirus and people were don’t like to get
infected. Coronavirus impacted the world which created a negative impact on the health of
person by infecting their respiratory system. Government of all the country has also implemented
lockdown which was to avoid travelling from one destination to other. All the tourism and travel
events were canceled during this time period. This created huge loss for the tourism industry and
for attracting large customer for their tourism, there was high need for making rules and
regulation for regulating better impact for attracting huge customer base.
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