The Dynamic Tourism Environment

The Dynamic Tourism Environment.
Driven by a relatively strong global economy, a growing middle class in
emerging economies, technological advances, new business models, affordable
travel costs and visa facilitation, international tourist arrivals grew 5% in 2018 to
reach the 1.4 billion mark, UNWTO (2019).
Furthermore, export earnings generated by tourism grew to USD 1.7 trillion in
2018, making the tourism sector a true global force for economic growth and
development, driving the creation of more and better jobs and serving as
catalyst for innovation and entrepreneurship.
In short, tourism is building better lives for millions of individuals and
transforming communities.
Then, Covid-19 happened.
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered an unprecedented crisis in
the tourism economy, given the immediate and immense shock to the sector.
Revised Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2020)
statistics estimates on the COVID-19 impact point to 60% decline in international
tourism in 2020. This could rise to 80% if recovery is delayed until December,
with unparalleled economic and societal impacts.
However, although Covid-19 is the primary talking point in Tourism currently, it is
not the only force of change within an industry that is susceptible to shocks and
crises.
The World Economic Forum (2020) writes “today’s risk landscape is shaped by an
unsettled geopolitical environment in which new centres of power are forming—
as old alliances and global institutions are being tested”. For the economy,
“ammunition to fight a potential recession is lacking, and there is a possibility of
an extended low-growth period. Climate change and related environmental
issues are ranked highest in terms of likelihood”.
ABTA (2020) predicted that 2019 would be the year that sustainability issues
would go mainstream and that has proved to be the case, with a spotlight thrown
on climate change in particular. Greta Thunberg and Extinction Rebellion have
become household names and there is an increasing appetite to understand the
environmental impacts of travel and tourism. Tourism can be a tremendous force
for good, although impacts on destinations, their natural environment,
economies and communities need to be managed.
This module, and the assessment you are undertaking, will evaluate current
trends within tourism. You will identify key forces of change in the industry and
the impacts these changes have. A discussion on how a tourism
stakeholder responds to changes or events that impact upon the tourism
industry will also take place.
Key Reading:

ABTA Travel Trends Report / CAPA / WTTC Publications / Skift / UNWTO Library /
UNWTO Tourism Highlights / Stakeholder Response Strategies / WEF Global Risk
Report
1: Definition Triangulation. Triangulation is the use of more than one method of
research to add depth to data and analysis, contributing to greater confidence in
findings (Bryman, Bell, & Teevan, 2009). Using the triangle below, source three
definitions of “Tourism”. When this has been completed, create your own
working definition of this term. (50 words).
Journal:
Year: 2019
Author: Ulrike Zartler
Definition: Multiple
perspective interviews
(MPIs) involve interviewing
members of a social group
separately and triangulating
their accounts during
analysis to gain insights into
the functioning of such
groups (e.g. families).
Working Definition:
It refers to the measurement of elements which is necessary to
determine triangles networks in any part of the earths surface
for survey.

2: Historical development of Tourism. As a constantly evolving industry, Tourism is in its current position due to a series of
major, and minor, global events. Choose two of these events and discuss the impact they have had on the tourism industry.
(450 words).
There are different historical development of tourism due to constantly evolving industry series of major and minor global events which has created an
impact on the tourism industry which are going to be discussed further.
Event one: The attack of 9/11 in the United States in 2001
This was one of the major events which were occurred on 11 September 2001. This was unforgettable due to the series of damage of human
losses and materials. This occurred in New York City. There was an immediate negative impact that created use changes in the tourism and traveling
industry. There was a huge change in the safety of consumer habits and rules which immediately applied to international travel especially on air travel.
After this event, tourism air travel has been changed and security over air travel has been created usually which shows direct impact of this event . This
event was the one in which there was terrorist attack which created by aeroplane . Due to this event, there was huge change on security of the air
travelling. This have created consecutive growth in international airport Association and due to this event, there was a reduction in tourist arrival within
United State. This was the event which has created high impact over the tourism industry and created loss . Due to not getting more tourist travel
through aeroplane which created loss and negative impact on tourism. This event was drastic evolutionary for the tourism industry which was concerned
with travel by airplane. Every Airport Security has been changed and increase due to this terrorist attack. There was fear in travelers due to hijack of
aeroplane which was used for this event. This created high loss for the tourism industry due to fearing of travelling from different states or country.
Event Two: Attacks in Paris 2015
On the night of 13 November, the capital of French was there with the scene of number of terrorist attacks which was done by Islamist suicide
Bomber. There was about 137 people had lost their lives and more than 415 where get injured. This created terror and use negative impact on the
tourist which was related with tourism. There were used different measures for reversing the situation of tourism which was for increasing the tourism
and travelling pattern. Due to this attack, about 30% of the tourism got directly impacted. In year 2017, France was not able to recover their turnover
due to this attack and lost approx 1.3 million tourist. Due to this attack there were draught exchange on the tourism and due to which tourist don't like
to travel in France as a tourist. According to French capitals tourism and Congress office, there was huge decrease in the tourist which created high loss
for the tourism industry in France. This was one of the most devastating event which created huge difference on travelling and tourism industry and
received millions of loss. Due to not getting tourist for their travel and tourism industry created lot of loss for this industry which directly get impacted of
this event. There are many of the tourist canceled their plan for tourism and travelling to France for longer duration of time. This created by terrorist