Practical Experiment for Acid-Base Titration

a typed sheet of one High
School experiment on
AcidBase Titration to
compare the analysis of
household ammonia using
Indicator method and
pH metry in Indicator
method and pH metry in

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title..................................................................................................................................................3
Aim..................................................................................................................................................3
Hypothesis.......................................................................................................................................3
Apparatus and Chemical..................................................................................................................3
Risk Assessment..............................................................................................................................3
Variables, Constants and control.....................................................................................................3
Diagram...........................................................................................................................................4
Procedure.........................................................................................................................................5
Observation Table............................................................................................................................6
Balanced Equation...........................................................................................................................7
Calculation steps..............................................................................................................................7
Graph...............................................................................................................................................9
Comparison of two techniques........................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

Title
Practical Experiment for Acid-Base Titration.
Aim
To make a comparison regarding the analysis of household ammonia using the indicator method
and pH metry instrumental technique.
Hypothesis
The hypothesis used in this experiment is that the pH of a solution may be easily or
accurately determined by the electrochemical measurements by making use of device known as
pH meter with a pH sensitive electrode and a reference electrode. The electrode potential for the
proton can be elaborated as:
Where E is considered to be measured potential, E0 is the standard electrode potential at aH+ =
1mol/L, T is the temperature in Kelvin, F is the Faraday constant and R is the gas constant.
Apparatus and Chemical
50 ml burette, 2*50 ml beakers, 3-4 * 100 mL Conical flasks, funnel, 20 mL Pipette, Methyl
orange indicator, 250 mL volumetric flask, anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) powder
(Pattarapongdilok and et.al., 2019).
Risk Assessment
There can be risks when the safety glasses and laboratory coat are not wore by the individual
for the experiment. Also, there are major risks from ammonia vapour which causes irritation in
the eyes, skin and respiratory system (Nogueira and et.al., 2017). The household ammonia must
be dispensed from the stock bottle in a well ventilated area or the cupboard of fume.
Variables, Constants and control
The concentration of HCl is variable as this cannot be determined and this is why this can
be used as a standard against the cloudy ammonia. The titrate volume is constant which is 20-30
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mL of a 50 mL burette. The mass of Na2CO3 is constant which 1.06 g is and the volume of
volumetric flask is 250mL (Desriana and et.al., 2020). The molecular weight of HCl is fixed
which is 36.5g/mol. The control must be taken regarding the volume of the substances and also
the changes in the variables must be monitored accordingly. It must also be controlled that the
titration is done with pH electrode and helps in determining the equivalence point. The amount
of analyte must be calculated from the result of titration.
Diagram
Figure 1: Titration Setup
Source: Belford, 2021
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