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Implementation and Utilization of Digital Control : Essay

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Added on  2020-02-24

Implementation and Utilization of Digital Control : Essay

   Added on 2020-02-24

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AbstractThe essay seeks to determine the implementation and utilization of digital control inindustrial applications. The industrial applications are mostly analog mechanicalsystems that process the input to yield output. For more quality products, the industrieshave to produce the intended yield based on the design or consumer specifications.This introduces the idea of digital control that provides either a feedback or feed forwardcontrol system. The control system is digital and therefore there is need to convert theanalog signal to digital signals for processing and back to analog signal for use in theindustrial plants. The essay covers the important sections of the industrial digital controlanalyzing the merits and caveat involved in the implementation of the systems. Theessay concludes that in as much as digital control is applied it is very expensive to usea digital system for production. As a result, the direct digital control systems areimplemented to incorporate the analog sections of the plant and they use ADC and DACfor conversion of signals. AbbreviationsDAC- digital to analog converterADC- analog to digital converterDDC- Direct Digital controlIntroductionIn every industry, there are inputs and desired outputs. The inputs are fed into asystem that processes them to obtain the intended output. Unfortunately, the systemsare in an environment that exposes them to different kinds of disturbances. To make theoutput desirable, there is need to have a feedback control loop that check if the outputobtained is as desired. When it is not, the loop takes back the output to the summer toeradicate the error until the required output is obtained. There are key factors that aredesired in a control system such as stability, the transient response speed, accuracy,and robustness. It is possible to model the dynamic systems that are in differentindustrial application to design a control system that works for them. There are analogand digital control systems implemented in the industrial application. The basis for thetype of control system is the continuous-time or discrete-time signal that is applied tothe system. This paper focusses on the discrete time signals that are used for digitalcontrol systems. The digital signal is said to be a sequence of binary numbers to adigital component such as a microprocessor, shift register, or semiconductor memory.When a continuous time signal is input, it can be converted to a digital signal bysampling and quantization[ CITATION Mir15 \l 1033 ].
Implementation and Utilization of Digital Control : Essay_1
The analysis model of the continuous-time and the discrete-time systems can beperformed in time domain using differential equations or state space equations or infrequency domain using the Laplace transfer functions or the S-transfer function. Thetechniques implemented in this are the s-plane analysis and the design techniques suchas the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion, root locus techniques, and bode plots. Thediscrete time systems, on the other hand, use the impulse transform function in the Z-plane such that the z-plane analysis and design techniques employed include the jurystability test and the modified root locus techniques. These digital controls seek toachieve the optimal performance in the form of maximum productivity, maximum profit,minimal costs and utilization of energy. The control systems are regarded to ensurehigh performance using the forward and feedback loop that may contain both the analogand digital signals. They must provide a means for conversion from one form to anotherto be used by each subsystem. This introduces the use of DAC and ADC. They areimplemented as shown in the illustration below,The DAC conversion is performed from the binary number at the input whereby each bitis properly weighted to obtain the voltage and the values obtained are summed up toyield the analog output. The ADC performs a two-step process. The analog signal is firstconverted to a sampled signal and the sampled signal is quantized to form a sequenceof binary numbers. The process of the ADC is as illustrated in the figure below,
Implementation and Utilization of Digital Control : Essay_2

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