LDT3101 Individual Literature Review: Motivation & Communication

This individual literature review delves into the development of academic communication skills, focusing on motivation theories and strategies. It examines the concepts of direction, effort, and persistence in motivation, differentiating between monetary and non-monetary, intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. Key theories, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and McClelland's theory of needs, are discussed alongside practical strategies for enhancing employee motivation, including goal setting, focus maintenance, and praise. The review also addresses common motivational challenges like fear of failure, lack of clarity, and exhaustion, while highlighting the advantages of motivation, such as increased productivity and job satisfaction. The review concludes that developing strong communication skills and understanding motivation are crucial for both personal and professional growth and provides a good overview of the professional area and better enhancing the academic writing skills. Desklib provides similar solved assignments for students.

Developing Academic
Communication Skills
LDT3101 Individual
Literature Review

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Literature Review............................................................................................................................1
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Developing academic communication skills is described as the growth of a student in its
University career so that it can maintain its academic integrity. Such communication skills
include the written and verbal communication skills in terms of speech and academic writing.
The following discussion is based on the individual literature review to write on the topic or an
issue. This is a topic which is based on the concept of motivation covered in the module. The
following literature review will cover the motivation theories and strategies along with the
process and challenges which are followed by the advantages of motivation with proper
conclusion.
Literature Review
According to B. Berelson and G. A. Steiner, 2019, Motivation is defined as a process which
directs and guides the behaviour of the people in terms of the goal oriented and maintaining the
initiation of the targets. There are basically three concepts of motivation which includes direction
and effort along with persistence. Direction concept says what a person is trying to do. The effort
concept says how hard a person is trying to achieve. Persistence concept says that how long a
person keeps on trying to accomplish. In professional life basically there are two types of
motivation that are monetary and non monetary motivation. Monetary motivation relates in terms
of the money such as the bonuses and compensation along with the salary and paid leaves and
many more. Non monetary motivation in terms of recognition and appreciation along with the
high post and profile with good respect and many more. Other than professional motivation there
are other motivation types such as the intrinsic motivation in which the individual is motivated
by its internal desires. Extrinsic motivation in which the individual is motivated by its external
desires. Other types of motivation include the reward based motivation and incentives motivation
along with the fear based motivation and achievement based motivation which is followed by the
power based motivation and affiliation motivation. Moreover, competence motivation and
attitude motivation are also in the list of types of motivational concepts. Organisation uses the
motivation techniques for better employee development and increment of the productivity in the
company to maximize its sales and revenue generation (Pang and Lu, 2018).
There are different types of theories given by various authors and one of the most used
theories is given by Maslow need hierarchy theory. It consists of 5 stages which depend upon the
level of satisfaction an individual can have at each and every stage. Physiological needs are the
lowest level of need which includes the food and shelter along with the slip and the basic needs.
Safety needs are above the physiological needs which include the freedom and protection along
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with the no pain concepts. Social needs are above the safety needs which include the love and
friendship along with the social activities and relationships. Esteem needs is above the social
needs which includes self confidence and recognition along with the appreciation. Self
actualization is the topmost level of need which says that the people want to become the very
best they can be in order to achieve their goals and objectives of life for better standard of living.
Another theory is given by the MCclelland theory of needs which includes three basic motivators
for an individual to achieve the task that is the power and affiliation along with the achievement
in regards with the given goals and objectives for better accomplishment of it. There are many
other important theories which are used in professionalism in order to motivate employees for
training and development and also to retain the best talent in the organisation (Werdhiastutie,
Suhariadi and Partiwi, 2020).
According to Taylor, 2018, there are different strategies which are adopted by the
organisation for providing better motivation to the employees. Professionals generally set their
clear goals of motivation in terms of daily or weekly and also the short term and long term goals
as well in order to maintain the strategic nature of the motivation to the employees. Another
strategy used by the organisation is the focus maintenance by the employees so that they can
prioritise the task and make that decision in a strategic manner. Organisations help the employee
to develop themselves not only professionally but also the personal growth and development for
better standard of living by building the daily routine and healthy habits so that they can eat and
drink in a healthy way. Praise and recognition is the most simplest and effective motivational
strategy adopted by the professionals so that they can use the human resources in a maximum
way but in a satisfying manner for the employees (Paais and PATTIRUHU, 2020).
According to John C. Maxwell, 2020, there are several stages in the process of motivation
which are generally used by the organisations that can motivate their employees to work hard in
order to increase the productivity of the company. Identification of the unsatisfied need is a first
stage which says that the professionals must recognise what are the needs which are unsatisfied
with an individual. Tension is the second stage in which the professionals try to plan to fulfil the
unsatisfied need by motivating the employees. Efforts are the third stage in which the intensity
and direction along with the positions are given by the professional to the employees for better
motivating factors and desire to achieve the and satisfied needs. Tension production is the fourth
stage in which the employees try to follow the guidance of the professionals which reduces their
tension from the unsatisfied need to the satisfied needs. Finally the satisfied need is the last stage
in which the motivation by the professional works in order to accomplish the satisfied need of
the employees. This is a process of motivation which helps the organisation in the employee
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development and helps in retaining the talented employees for better expansion of the company
and maintaining the Goodwill in the marketplace with good reputation and brand image (Grant
and Shandell, 2021).
According to Jack Welch, 2020, there are various motivational challenges which are faced
by the professionals and employees. The biggest challenge is the fear of failure because not
everyone is interested in engaging in the new activity and therefore it creates the fear of failure in
initiating something new as a motivational. It also relates with the fear of success and the lack of
clarity because until and unless employees are not clear about its goals and objectives then they
cannot get motivated about what to achieve. Exhaustion is the challenge which nowadays is a
most common problem in every individual because of the workload and unnecessary stress of
life. Comparison is also the big challenge of motivation in which some of the people compare the
individuals in the organisation in terms of their working and therefore it becomes a great
challenge for the employees not in the positive competition but in the negative competition.
There is no patience within employees to achieve something because they want the result as soon
as they do the task which can hinder the motivational factor in them. Other challenges include
the distractions from the work and low self confidence along with the low expectations and lack
of interest in the subject matter (Hanaysha and Majid, 2018).
According to the Tim Ferriss, 2019, there are different advantages to the organisation while
performing the motivation activities in the company. This is because it helps the employees and
the organisation to satisfy the basic needs of the people which also ultimately satisfy the job
satisfaction which helps in retaining the talented employees. This results in the increasing
productivity and gaining of the learning and knowledge along with the maintenance of discipline
in the organisation. It also includes the cultural and diversity management in terms of the
maintenance of dynamism and management of the conflicts as well. This maximizes the
organisational reputation in the market place with improvement in the goodwill and brand image
in the industry (Gagné, Deci and Ryan, 2018).
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that the development of academic communication skills is an important
concept to learn and study so that it can be applied in the real-time University career growth.
This is because it enhances the student not only professionally but also improves the personal
standard of living as well. Therefore communication skills are the major part to learn for better
enhancing the interaction power of a student in terms of verbal communication and also written
communication. Hence the above information covers the literature review on the topic
motivation for better understanding of the professional area and better enhancing the academic
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writing skills. The information covered in the above information is authentic as it is written by
the known authors who helped in the content to be qualitative and quantitative as per the needs
and requirements of the literature review. Thereby this report covers all such areas in order to
better understand the conception of academic communication skills growth and development.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Gagné, M., Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M., 2018. Self-determination theory applied to work
motivation and organizational behavior.
Grant, A.M. and Shandell, M.S., 2021. Social motivation at work: the organizational psychology
of effort for, against, and with others. Annual Review of Psychology, 73.
Hanaysha, J.R. and Majid, M., 2018. Employee motivation and its role in improving the
productivity and organizational commitment at higher education institutions. Journal of
Entrepreneurship and Business, 6(1), pp.17-28.
Paais, M. and PATTIRUHU, J.R., 2020. Effect of motivation, leadership, and organizational
culture on satisfaction and employee performance. The Journal of Asian Finance,
Economics, and Business, 7(8), pp.577-588.
Pang, K. and Lu, C.S., 2018. Organizational motivation, employee job satisfaction and
organizational performance: An empirical study of container shipping companies in
Taiwan. Maritime Business Review.
Werdhiastutie, A., Suhariadi, F. and Partiwi, S.G., 2020. Achievement Motivation as
Antecedents of Quality Improvement of Organizational Human Resources. Budapest
International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume, 3, pp.747-
752.
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