Reasons and Improvement of U. K.’s Productivity

This document discusses the reasons for the low productivity in the U.K. and provides solutions to improve it. It includes an evaluation of reliable sources and an essay outline. The sources used in the document are Barnett et al. (2014), Cette et al. (2016), Crawford et al. (2013), Goodridge et al. (2014), Onaran et al. (2017), and Patterson et al. (2016).

Academic English Skills Coursework 1: Source Evaluation and Essay Outline
Name:A. Student
Class:
AES
Date:
Title:
Reasons and Improvement of U. K.’s Productivity
Part 1: Source Evaluation [Explanation of why you have selected the sources for use.]
Complete the table below for FOUR sources you have found which are reliable and relevant for your essay. You
should not use sources you were given in this section.
EVALUATION 1
Reference:
How do you know this source is suitable for academic use? Refer to the currency, authority, purpose, reliability
of evidence or data, objectivity, use of expected academic conventions.
Barnett, A., Batten, S., Chiu, A., Franklin, J., & Sebastia-Barriel, M. (2014). The UK productivity puzzle.
Bank of
England Quarterly Bulletin, Q2.
How is the source relevant to your title? What are the useful points / arguments made in the text?
In this reference itself, the researchers have talked about the problems which the U.K. has been facing in
the current years. The researchers have mentioned about the reasons why the U.K. has already been facing
such low productivity in the country itself. Therefore, through this reference, the author has mentioned
about the problems in the country.
This is what have been mentioned in the reference itself by the author in the reference itself.

EVALUATION 2
Reference:
How do you know this source is suitable for academic use? Refer to the currency, authority, purpose, reliability
of evidence or data, objectivity, use of expected academic conventions.
Cette, G., Fernald, J., & Mojon, B. (2016). The pre-Great Recession slowdown in productivity.
European Economic
Review,
88, 3-20.
How is the source relevant to your title? What are the useful points / arguments made in the text?
In this particular reference, the authors have talked about the conditions which have led to the falling of
the productivity. The authors of the reference, in the course of the text, have provided various sources on
the slow of the productivity in the country itself. Thus, this is what the reference talks about in the essay
itself. This tells the reader about the subject matter of the topic.
EVALUATION 3
Reference:

How do you know this source is suitable for academic use? Refer to the currency, authority, purpose, reliability
of evidence or data, objectivity, use of expected academic conventions.
Crawford, C., Jin, W., & Simpson, H. (2013). Productivity, investment and profits during the Great Recession:
Evidence from UK firms and workers.
Fiscal Studies,
34(2), 153-177.
How is the source relevant to your title? What are the useful points / arguments made in the text?
In this particular reference by the authors of the texts itself had mentioned about the various topics which
would have led the readers of the text to believe the fact about the profits and the productivity which were
made on the subject matter of decreasing productivity of the materials in the U.K. itself. Therefore, it can
be said that the subject matter of the less productivity is to be decided in the essay itself.
EVALUATION 4
Reference:
How do you know this source is suitable for academic use? Refer to the currency, authority, purpose, reliability
of evidence or data, objectivity, use of expected academic conventions.
Pessoa, J. P., & Van Reenen, J. (2014). The UK productivity and jobs puzzle: does the answer lie in wage flexibility?.The Economic Journal,
124(576), 433-452.

How is the source relevant to your title? What are the useful points / arguments made in the text?
In this particular type of reference, it is seen that the subject matter of the loss in the productivity in the U.K. has
led to the analysis of various points which has led to the formation of the subject matter of the loss of
productivity in the country itself. Thus, this is what has been presented to the readers on the subject matter of
productivity of the country of U.K. itself.
Part 2: Essay Outline
Provide a clear plan of your essay, including the key points you will include, and the sources you will use to
support your points. You can use the sources you were given, as well as your own sources.
Title: Causes of the Decline in the Productivity in the U.K.
Plan for overall structure
Introduction
P1. U.K., the biggest country in the United States.
P2. Suffering from low productivity
P3. Rivals of the country earning more than that of U.K.

P4. Reasons for the low productivity in the country
P5. Solutions for improving the low productivity in the country.
Conclusion. Things learned from the findings.
Introductory paragraph structure
Background The country of The United Kingdom is considered to be the biggest country in the
world is suffering from a continuous decrease in the production of the country itself.
Outline The essay focuses on the reasons and the findings of the various causes which contributes to
the decrease in the productivity of the country itself.
Thesis statement The purpose of this statement is to find about the causes and provide two solutions for the
improvement of the productivity in the country itself.
Paragraph 1 Topic sentence
Reasons for the lower productivity in the country:
Supporting points Evidence / example/ data Citation
The labour productivity output in
the U.K. is still lesser at 2% which
has followed since the crisis of 2008.
A recent estimation Patterson, 2016
It has been found that the country
would not have suffered from the
problem of low productivity if the
productivity in the country had
maintained the continuity of the
trend in markets that was before
the crisis in 2008. It is also being
said that the population of U.K.
would have been 17% more better
than the situation it is in the present
times if the productivity of the
country had remained the same as
it was before the crisis.
The Bank of England
This point is supported by the fact
that the country remains at around
40% behind that of the United
States of America and 20% behind
that of Germany in terms of the
output in the market sector.
The Bank of England
Rizoy, 2016
Concluding / linking sentence
This part describes the various reasons why the productivity in the country is decreasing at an alarming rate in the
country itself.

Paragraph 2 Topic sentence
More Reasons for Low Productivity in the country itself.
Support Evidence / example/ data Citation
Absence of the exposure for the
labours into the modern practices
that are considered to be the best in
the world for the labours to be
productive and the level of low
competition in the market itself.
In a survey
Barrett, 2014
Absence of the modern practices
for the labourers in U.K. means
that it will often lead to the
problems of restrictions in the
trade, limitations on the price of
the products as well as the rules
and the regulations on the use of
the land by the labourers for
various purposes.
The Bank of England
Patterson, 2014
The labourers do not get exposed to
the best practices available to the
market, they do not learn the new
tricks of the trade for their success
which ultimately results in their
poor performance and contributes
to the low productivity in the
market for U.K.
According to the survey by the
experts themselves
Rizoy, 2017
Concluding / linking sentence
Thus, these are some of the reasons which also prove the point that the productivity of the country is at an
all-time low.
Paragraph 3 Topic sentence
First solution to prevent low productivity in the U.K.
Support Evidence / example/ data Citation
If the quality of the management is
improved in the companies, then
the labours will get the chance to
learn about the new methods of
increasing the productivity that is
being practised by the other
countries especially Britain’s
economic rivals.
It has been stated by the experts
Patterson, 2016
Once these labourers learn about
the new techniques that are
available to them for improving
their services, they will adapt those
services which will help them to
increase the productivity in U.K.
The Bank of England
Onaran, 2016
Improving the quality of the Rizoy, 2019

management in the companies
European Economic Review
Concluding / linking sentence
This section comprises of the first solution to prevent the loss of productivity in the country itself.
Paragraph 4 Topic sentence
Second solution to improve loss of productivity in the country.
Support Evidence / example/ data Citation
Improve the productivity of the
country is the fact that work hours
needs to be reduced so that the
workers are able to work properly
to increase the productivity of the
nation
The UK productivity puzzle is a
TFP puzzle: current data
and future predictions
(No. 18381).
Goodridge, 2014
High demanding jobs which has very
little time can lead to depression
and anxiety among these labourers
Great Recession: Evidence from UK
firms and workers.
Fiscal Studies
Crawford, 2013
The workers are performing their
duties in a way that satisfies them
and also adds to the increases in the
productivity of U.K.
The UK productivity puzzle is a TFP
puzzle: current data and future
predictions (No. 18381)
Goodridge, 2015
Paragraph 5 Topic sentence
This forms the second solution to the low productivity in the U.K.
Support Evidence / example/ data Citation
Steps must be taken to think how to
make sure that the workers are
satisfied by the rules
The UK national minimum wage's
impact on productivity.
British
Journal of Management
Barnett, 2014
They are satisfied and the help in
increasing the productivity of the
country so that it can compete with
its rivals in the marketplace and
earn profits in the business
The UK productivity and jobs puzzle:
does the answer lie in wage
flexibility?
The Economic Journal
Barnett, 2014
The country should also make steps
for allowing new innovations in the
field of the productivity of the
company itself which will add to the
increase in the productivity of the
country.
Below the aggregate: a sectoral
account of the UK productivity
puzzle.
Economics Statistics Centre
of Excellence Discussion Paper 20
Goodridge, 2014
Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the U.K. is suffering from a large number of problems as a result of the low
productivity in the country. The steps must be taken to make sure that the production level of the country is
improved and the workers of the country are happy in doing the job which will increase the production level of
the country.
Part 3: Sources
Write a reference list for at least SIX sources which you have found yourself. You should also include the two
sources you were given if you plan to use them in your essay.
Barnett, A., Batten, S., Chiu, A., Franklin, J., & Sebastia-Barriel, M. (2014). The UK productivity puzzle.
Bank of
England Quarterly Bulletin, Q2.
Cette, G., Fernald, J., & Mojon, B. (2016). The pre-Great Recession slowdown in productivity.
European Economic
Review,
88, 3-20.

Crawford, C., Jin, W., & Simpson, H. (2013). Productivity, investment and profits during the Great Recession:
Evidence from UK firms and workers.
Fiscal Studies,
34(2), 153-177.
Goodridge, P. R., Haskel, J., & Wallis, G. (2014).
The UK productivity puzzle is a TFP puzzle: current data and future
predictions (No. 18381).
Onaran, Ö., & Tori, D. (2017). Productivity puzzle? Financialization, inequality, investment in the UK.
Patterson, C., Şahin, A., Topa, G., & Violante, G. L. (2016). Working hard in the wrong place: A mismatch-based
explanation to the UK productivity puzzle.
European Economic Review,
84, 42-56.